1、工商管理硕士入学考试-逻辑推理反对(二)及答案解析(总分：235.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：47，分数：235.00)1.The price of maple syrup has jumped front 22 dollars a gallon three years ago to 40 dollars a gallon today. It can be concluded that maple-syrup harvesters have been artificially inflating prices and that governmental price re
2、gulations are necessary to control rising prices.Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the conclusion drawn above?(A) The government already requires maple-syrup harvesters to submit their facilities to licensing by the health department.(B) Insect infestation and drought have stu
3、nted the growth of syrup-producing maple trees and caused leas-abundant syrup harvests.(C) Maple syrup is produced in rural areas that suffer from high unemployment.(D) Technological improvements in maple-syrup harvesting have reduced production costs.(E) Maple-syrup prices have risen many times in
4、the past, though never before at the rate recently observed.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.E.2.The geese that gather at the pond of a large corporation create a hazard for executives who use the corporate helicopter, whose landing site is 40 feet away from the pond. To solve the problem, the corporation plans to
5、import a large number of herding dogs to keep the geese away from the helicopter.Which of the following, if a realistic possibility, would cast the most serious doubt on the prospects for success of the corporations plan?(A) The dogs will form an uncontrollable pack.(B) The dogs will require trainin
6、g to learn to herd the geese.(C) The dogs will frighten away foxes that prey on old and sick geese.(D) It will be necessary to keep the dogs in quarantine for 30 days after importing them.(E) Some of the geese will move to the pond of another corporation in order to avoid being herded by the dogs.（分
7、数：5.00）A.B.C.D.E.3.Found in caves with the bones of australopithecines, which are thought by some to be ancient ancestors of the human species, were great collections of animal bones. From the frequencies of types of bones, it can be seen that many bones represented only parts of animals that must h
8、ave died elsewhere. The australopithecines thus must have been mighty hunters, to have brought home so much meat.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion drawn above?(A) The australopithecines sometimes moved from cave to cave for shelter and did not remain in one cave
9、for a lifetime.(B) The australopithecine bones found in the caves were those of adult males, adult females, and juveniles.(C) Evidence of the use of fire was absent from the caves in which the collections of bones were found.(D) Marks on the bones, including the bones of the australopithecines, are
10、consistent with teeth marks of large catlike animals of the period.(E) The bones in the cave did not include bones of an elephantlike animal that existed in the area at the time of the australopithecines.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.E.4.Many researchers believe that the presence of RNA in brain cells is the bio
11、chemical basis of memory; that is, the presence of RNA enables us to remember. Because certain chemicals are known to inhibit the synthesis of RNA in the body, we can test this hypothesis. Animals that have learned particular responses can be injected with an RNA inhibitor and then tested for memory
12、 of the learned responses. Which of the following test results would most seriously weaken the case for RNA as the basis of memory?(A) After an injection of RNA inhibitor, a wide range of behaviors in addition to the learned responses were affected.(B) After an injection of RNA inhibitor, animals th
13、at had not consistently been giving the learned responses were able to give them consistently.(C) After injections of RNA inhibitor, some animals lost memory of the learned responses totally but others lost it only partially.(D) After a small injection of RNA inhibitor, animals responded well, but a
14、s the size of the injection increased, they gave fewer of the learned responses.(E) After an injection of RNA inhibitor, animals could not learn a new response.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.E.5.When college students were asked about their experiences in childhood, those who remembered their parents frequently be
15、ing in pain were also those who experienced common pains, like headaches, most frequently as adults. This evidence argues that a persons childhood observations of adults in pain can make that person more susceptible to pain as an adult.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argu
16、ment above?(A) Students who most frequently remembered that they were in pain as children were no more likely than the average student to experience common pains very frequently.(B) Parents who were frequently in pain when their children were growing up often experience just as much pain after their
17、 children have grown up.(C) College students are in general less susceptible to common pains, like headaches, than are older adults.(D) Adult memories of the circumstances of childhood pain are often vivid, but adults can rarely recall the subjective experience of being in pain as a child.(E) A pers
18、ons adult recollections of childhood are likely to emphasize those memories that reflect the persons adult experiences.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.E.6.Hotco oil burners, designed to be used in asphalt plants, are so efficient that Hotco will sell one to the Clifton Asphalt plant for no payment other than the c
19、ost savings between the total amount the asphalt plant actually paid for oil using its former burner during the last two years and the total amount it will pay for oil using the Hotco burner during the next two years. On installation, the plant will make an estimated payment, which will be adjusted
20、after two years to equal the actual cost savings.Which of the following, if it occurred, would constitute a disadvantage for Hotco of the plan described above?(A) Another manufacturers introduction to the market of a similarly efficient burner.(B) The Clifton Asphalt plants need for more than one ne
21、w burner.(C) Very poor efficiency in the Clifton Asphalt plants old burner.(D) A decrease in the demand for asphalt.(E) A steady increase in the price of oil beginning soon after the new burner is installed.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.E.7.Middletowns police currently remove an apparently abandoned car from the
22、 streets about two months after it is reported. The police have been unfairly criticized for allowing such cars to be vandalized during this period. Because it is illegal for car owners to abandon cars on the street, police need not be concerned about protecting such cars.Which of the following, if
23、true, most seriously weakens the argument above?(A) In the past, vehicles abandoned in Middletown were removed from the streets an average of four months after initial reports to police.(B) In one recent year, more than 150 abandoned vehicles were vandalized in Middletown, but police made no arrests
24、 for those actions.(C) Some cars initially classified by Middletowns police as abandoned were later reclassified as stolen vehicles.(D) Middletowns understaffed police force must give the disposition of abandoned cars low priority because of the number of violent crimes now committed there.(E) In th
25、e most recent year for which data are available, there were 28 percent fewer reports of abandoned vehicles than the yearly average for the previous ten years.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.E.8.During his three years in office, the governor of a state has frequently been accused of having sexist attitudes toward w
26、omen. Yet he has filled five of the nineteen vacant high-level positions in his administration with women appointees, all of whom are still serving. This shows that the governor is not sexist.Which of the following statements, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion above?(A) One of the
27、women appointed by the governor to a highlevel position is planning to resign her post.(B) The platform of the governors political party required him to appoint at least five women to high-level positions.(C) Forty-seven percent of the women who voted in the state gubernatorial election three years
28、ago voted for the governor.(D) A governor of a neighboring state recently appointed seven women to high-level positions.(E) The governor appointed two Black Americans, two Hispanic Americans, and one Asian American to high-level positions in his administration.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.E.9.A physician who is
29、 too thorough in conducting a medical checkup is likely to subject the patient to the discomfort and expense of unnecessary tests. One who is not thorough enough is likely to miss some serious problem and therefore give the patient a false sense of security. It is difficult for physicians to judge e
30、xactly how thorough they should be. Therefore, it is generally unwise for patients to have medical checkups when they do not feel ill.Which one of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the argument in the passage?(A) Some serious diseases in their early stages have symptoms that physic
31、ians can readily detect, although patients are not aware of any problem.(B) Under the pressure of reduced reimbursements, pbysicians have been reducing the average amount of time they spend on each medical checkup.(C) Patients not medically trained are unable to judge for themselves what degree of t
32、horoughness is appropriate for physicians in conducting medical checkups.(D) Many people are financially unable to afford regular medical checkups.(E) Some physicians sometimes exercise exactly the right degree of thoroughness in performing a medical checkup.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.E.10.Researchers studyin
33、g sets of identical twins who were raised apart in dissimilar environments found that in each case the twins were similar in character, medical history, and life experiences. The researchers saw these results as confirmation of the hypothesis that heredity is more important than environment in deter
34、mining human personalities and life histories.The existence of which of the following would tend to weaken the support for the hypothesis above most seriously?(A) A set of identical twins raised together who are shown by appropriate tests to have very similar value systems.(B) A pair or identical tw
35、ins raised apart who differ markedly with respect to aggressiveness and other personality traits.(C) A younger brother and older sister raised together who have similar personalities and life experiences.(D) A mother and daughter who have the same profession even though they have very different temp
36、eraments.(E) A pair of twins raised together who have similar personality traits but different value systems.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.E.11.The number of people 85 or older in the United States started increasing dramatically during the last ten years. The good health care that these people enjoyed in the Un
37、ited States during their vulnerable childhood years is primarily responsible for this trend.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the explanation above?(A) Seventy-five percent of the people in the United States who are 85 or older are the children of people who themselves lived le
38、as than 65 years.(B) The people in the United States who are now 85 represent an age group that was smaller in numbers at birth than the immediately preceding and succeeding age groups.(C) Thirty-five percent of the people in the United States who are 85 or older require some form of twenty-fourhour
39、 nursing care.(D) Many of the people in the United States who are 85 or older immigrated to the United States when they were 20 years old or older.(E) Because of decreased federal funding for medical care for pregnant mothers and for children, the life expectancy of United States citizens is likely
40、to decrease.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.E.12.Behind the hope that computers can replace teachers is the idea that the students understanding of the subject being taught consists in knowing facts and rules, the job of a teacher being to make the facts and rules explicit and convey them to the student, either by
41、 practice drills or by coaching. If that were indeed the way the mind works, the teacher could transfer facts and roles to the computer, which would replace the teacher as drillmaster and coach. But since understanding does not consist merely of knowing facts and rules, but of the grasp of the gener
42、al concepts underlying them, the hope that the computer will eventually replace the teacher is fundamentally misguided.Which one of the following, if true, would most seriously undermine the authors conclusion that computers will not eventually be able to replace teachers?(A) Computers are as good a
43、s teachers at drilling students on facts and rules.(B) The job of a teacher is to make students understand the general concepts underlying specific facts and rules.(C) It is possible to program computers so that they can teach the understanding of general concepts that underlie specific facts and ru
44、les.(D) Because they are not subject to human error, computers are better than teachers at conveying facts and rules.(E) It is not possible for students to develop an understanding of the concepts underlying facts and rules through practice drills and coaching.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.E.13.A certain type of
45、 shrimp habitually hovers around superheated deep-sea geysers, near which the bacteria that form the shrimps diet can be found. Because the geysers emit a faint light, scientists have concluded that the shrimps light sensitive dorsal patches were developed to locate the geysers and thereby find food
46、.Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the scientists conclusion?(A) The light to which the shrimps are sensitive is not the sort of light that the geysers emit.(B) The light given off by the geysers too faint to be detected by the human eye.(C) The heat inside a geysers stream is
47、 sufficient to kill instantly any bacteria that move into it.(D) Most other types of shrimp use eyes located at the end of eyestalks in order to see.(E) In other types of shrimp a heat-sensing organ has developed that could serve the same geyser-detecting purposes as the light sensitive patches are
48、said to serve.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.E.14.Seven countries signed a treaty binding each of them to perform specified actions on a certain fixed date, with the actions of each conditional on simultaneous action taken by the other countries. Each country was also to notify the six other countries when it had
49、 completed its action.The simultaneous-action provision of the treaty leaves open the possibility that(A) the compliance date was subject to postponement, according to the terms of the treaty.(B) one of the countries might not be required to make any changes or take any steps in order to comply with the treaty, whereas all the other countries are so required.(C) each country might have a well-founded excuse, based on the provision, for its own lack of compliance.(D) the treaty specified that the signal for one of the countries to initiate action was notification by the other co
