1、工商管理硕士入学考试-逻辑推理练习四及答案解析(总分：160.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Any combination of overwork and stress inevitably leads of insomnia. Managers at HiCorp, Inc., all suffer from stress. A majority of the managersdespite their doctors warningswork well over 60 hours per week, whereas the other managers work no more than
2、 the normal 40 hours per week. HiCorp gives regular bonuses only to employees who work more than 40 hours per week.Which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by the statements above?（分数：5.00）A.Managers at HiCorp work under conditions that are more stressful than the conditions und
3、er which managers at most other companies work.B.Most of the employee bonuses given by HiCorp are given to managers.C.At HiCorp, insomnia is more widespread among managers than among any other group of employees.D.No manager at HiCorp who works only 40 hours per week suffers from overwork.E.(E) Most
4、 of the managers at HiCorp who receive regular bonuses have insomnia.2.Under current federal law, employers are allowed to offer their employees free parking spaces as a tax-free benefit, but they can offer employees only up to $180 per year as a taxfree benefit for using mass transit. The governmen
5、t could significantly increase mass transit ridership by raising the limit of this benefit to meet commuters transportation costs. The proposal above to increase mass transit ridership assumes that（分数：5.00）A.current mass transit systems are subject to unexpected route closings and delays.B.using mas
6、s transit creates less air pollution per person than using a private automobile.C.the parking spaces offered by employers as tax-free benefits can be worth as much as $2,500 per year.D.many employees are deterred by financial considerations from using mass transit to commute to their places of emplo
7、yment.E.(E) because of traffic congestion on major commuter routes, it is often faster to travel to ones place of employment by means of mass transit than by private automobile.3.A computer equipped with signature-recognition software, which restricts access to a computer to those people whose signa
8、tures are on file, identifies a persons signature by analyzing not only the form of the signature but also such characteristics as pen pressure and signing speed. Even the most adept forgers cannot duplicate all of the characteristics the program analyzes.Which of the following can be logically conc
9、luded from the passage above?（分数：5.00）A.The time it takes to record and analyze a signature makes the software impractical for everyday use.B.Computers equipped with the software will soon be installed in most banks.C.Nobody can gain access to a computer equipped with the software solely by virtue o
10、f skill at forging signatures.D.Signature-recognition software has taken many years to develop and perfect.E.(E) In many cases even authorized users are denied legitimate access to computers equipped with the software.4.Consumers in California seeking personal loans have fewer banks to turn to than
11、do consumers elsewhere in the United States. This shortage of competition among banks explains why interest rates on personal loans in California are higher than in any other region of the United States.Which of the following, if true, most substantially weakens the conclusion above?（分数：5.00）A.Becau
12、se of the comparatively high wages they must pay to attract qualified workers, California banks charge depositors more than banks elsewhere do for many of the services they offer.B.Personal loans are riskier than other types of loans, such as home mortgage loans, that banks make.C.Since bank deposit
13、s in California are covered by the same type of insurance that guarantees bank deposits in other parts of the United States, they are no less secure than deposits elsewhere.D.The proportion of consumers who default on their personal loans is lower in California than in any other region of the United
14、 States.E.(E) Interest rates paid by California banks to depositors are lower than those paid by banks in other parts of the United States because in California there is less competition to attract depositors.5.Between 1975 and 1985, nursing-home occupancy rates averaged 87 percent of capacity, whil
15、e admission rates remained constant, at an average of 95 admissions per 1,000 beds per year. Between 1985 and 1988, however, occupancy rates rose to an average of 92 percent of capacity, while admission rates declined to 81 per 1,000 beds per year.If the statements above are true, which of the follo
16、wing conclusions can be most properly drawn?（分数：5.00）A.The average length of time nursing-home residents stayed in nursing homes increased between 1985 and 1988.B.The proportion of older people living in nursing homes was greater in 1988 than in 1975.C.Nursing home admission rates tend to decline wh
17、enever occupancy rates rise.D.Nursing homes built prior to 1985 generally had fewer beds than did nursing homes built between 1985 and 1988.E.(E) The more beds a nursing home has, the higher its occupancy rate is likely to be.6.Holiday receiptsthe total sales recorded in the fourth quarter of the ye
18、ardetermine the economic success or failure of many retail businesses. Camco, a retailer selling just one camera model, is an excellent example. Camcos holiday receipts, on average, account for a third of its yearly total receipts and about half of its yearly profits.If the statements above are true
19、, which of the following must also be true about Camco on the basis of them?（分数：5.00）A.Its fixed expenses per camera sold are higher during the fourth quarter than for any of the other three quarters.B.It makes more profit during the first and third quarters combined than during the fourth quarter.C
20、.Its per-camera retail price is lower, on average, during the fourth quarter than during any one of the first three quarters.D.It makes less profit, on average, for a given dollar amount of sales during the first three quarters combined than during the fourth quarter.E.(E) The per-camera price it pa
21、ys to wholesalers is higher, on average, during the fourth quarter than during any of the other three quarters.7.Crops can be traded on the futures market before they are harvested. If a poor corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures rise; if a bountiful corn harvest is predicted, prices of
22、corn futures fall. This morning meteorologists are predicting much-needed rain for the corn-growing region starting tomorrow. Therefore, since adequate moisture is essential for the current crops survival, prices of corn futures will fall sharply today.Which of the following, if true, most weakens t
23、he argument above?（分数：5.00）A.Corn that does not receive adequate moisture during its critical pollination stage will not produce a bountiful harvest.B.Futures prices for corn have been fluctuating more dramatically this season than last season.C.The rain that meteorologists predicted for tomorrow is
24、 expected to extend well beyond the corn-growing region.D.Agriculture experts announced today that a disease that has devastated some of the corn crop will spread widely before the end of the growing season.E.(E) Most people who trade in corn futures rarely take physical possession of the corn they
25、trade.8.A discount retailer of basic household necessities employs thousands of people and pays most of them at the minimum wage rate. Yet following a federally mandated increase of the minimum wage rate that increased the retailers operating costs considerably, the retailers profits increased marke
26、dly.Which of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent paradox?（分数：5.00）A.Over half of the retailers operating costs consist of payroll expenditures; yet only a small percentage of those expenditures go to pay management salaries.B.The retailers customer base is made up primarily of
27、 people who earn, or who depend on the earnings of others who earn the minimum wage.C.The retailers operating costs, other than wages, increased substantially after the increase in the minimum wage rate went into effect.D.When the increase in the minimum wage rate went into effect, the retailer also
28、 raised the wage rate for employees who had been earning just above minimum wage.E.(E) The majority of the retailers employees work as cashiers, and most cashiers are paid the minimum wage.9.Left-handed persons suffer more frequently than do righthanded persons from certain immune disorders, such as
29、 allergies. Left-handers tend to have an advantage over the righthanded majority, however, on tasks controlled by the right hemisphere of the brain, and mathematical reasoning is strongly under the influence of the right hemisphere in most people.If the information above is true, it best supports wh
30、ich of the following hypotheses?（分数：5.00）A.Most people who suffer from allergies or other such immune disorders are left-handed rather than right-handed.B.Most left-handed mathematicians suffer from some kind of allergy.C.There are proportionally more left-handers among people whose ability to reaso
31、n mathematically is above average than there are among people with poor mathematical reasoning ability.D.If a left-handed person suffers from an allergy, that person will probably be good at mathematics.E.(E) There are proportionally more people who suffer from immune disorders such as allergies tha
32、n there are people who are left-handed or people whose mathematical reasoning ability is unusually good.10.The cotton farms of Country Q became so productive that the market could not absorb all that they produced. Consequently, cotton prices fell. The government tried to boost cotton prices by offe
33、ring farmers who took 25 percent of their cotton acreage out of production direct support payments up to a specified maximum per farm.The governments program, if successful, will not be a net burden on the budget. Which of the following, if true, is the best basis for an explanation of how this coul
34、d be so?（分数：5.00）A.Depressed cotton prices meant operating losses for cotton farms, and the government lost revenue from taxes on farm profits.B.Cotton production in several counties other than Q declined slightly the year that the support-payment program went into effect in Q.C.The first year that
35、the support-payment program was in effect, cotton acreage in Q was 5 % below its level in the base year for the program.D.The specified maximum per farm meant that for very large cotton farms the support payments were less per acre for those acres that were withdrawn from production than they were f
36、or smaller farms.E.(E) Farmers who wished to qualify for support payments could not use the cotton acreage that was withdrawn from production to grow any other crop.11.Since a rhinoceros that has no horn is worthless to poachers, the Wildlife Protection Committee plans to protect selected rhinoceros
37、es from being killed by poachers by cutting off the rhinos horns.The Wildlife Protection Committees plan assumes that（分数：5.00）A.poachers do not kill rhinos that are worthless to them.B.hornless rhinos pose less of a threat to humans, including poachers, than do rhinos that have horns.C.rhinos are th
38、e only animals poachers kill for their horns.D.hornless rhinos can successfully defend their young against nonhuman predators.E.(E) imposing more stringent penalties on poachers will not decrease the number of rhinos killed by poachers.12.Technically a given category of insurance policy is underpric
39、ed if, over time, claims against it plus expenses associated with it exceed total income from premiums. But premium income can be invested and will then yield returns of its own. Therefore, an underpriced policy does not represent a net loss in every case.The argument above is based on which of the
40、following assumptions?（分数：5.00）A.No insurance policies are deliberately underpriced in order to attract customers to the insurance company offering such policies.B.A policy that represents a net loss to the insurance company is not an underpriced people in every case.C.There are policies for which t
41、he level of claims per year can be predicted with great accuracy before premiums are set.D.The income earned by investing premium income is the most important determinant of an insurance companys profits.E.(E) The claims against at least some underpriced policies do not require paying out all of the
42、 premium income from those policies as soon as it is earned.13.Mouth cancer is a danger, for people who rarely brush their teeth. In order to achieve early detection of mouth cancer in these individuals, a towns public health officials sent a pamphlet to all town residents, describing how to perform
43、 weekly self-examinations of the mouth for lumps.Which of the following, if true, is the best criticism of the pamphlet as a method of achieving the public health officials goal?（分数：5.00）A.Many dental diseases produce symptoms that cannot be detected in a weekly self-examination.B.Once mouth cancer
44、has been detected, the effectiveness of treatment can vary from person to person.C.The pamphlet was sent to all town residents, including those individuals who brush their teeth regularly.D.Mouth cancer is much more common in adults than in children.E.(E) People who rarely brush their teeth are unli
45、kely to perform a weekly examination of their mouth.14.Canadians now increasingly engage in “out-shopping,“ which is shopping across the national border, where prices are lower. Prices are lower outside of Canada in large part because the goods-and-services tax that pays for Canadian social services
46、 is not applied.Which one of the following is best supported on the basis of the information above?（分数：5.00）A.If the upward trend in out-shopping continues at a significant level and the amounts paid by the government for Canadian social services are maintained, the Canadian goods-and-services tax w
47、ill be assessed at a higher rate.B.If Canada imposes a substantial tariff on the goods bought across the border, a reciprocal tariff on cross-border shopping in the other direction will be imposed, thereby harming Canadian businesses.C.The amounts the Canadian government pays out to those who provid
48、e social services to Canadians are increasing.D.The same brands of goods are available to Canadian shoppers across the border as are available in Canada.E.(E) Out-shopping purchases are subject to Canadian taxes when the purchaser crosses the border to bring them into Canada.15.Fresh potatoes genera
49、lly cost about $2 for a 10-pound bag, whereas dehydrated instant potatoes cost, on average, about $ 3 per pound. It can be concluded that some consumers will pay 15 times as much for convenience, since sales of this convenience food continue to rise.Which of the following, if true, indicates that there is a major flaw in the argument above?（分数：5.00）A.Fresh potatoes bought in convenient 2-pound bags are about $1 a bag, or 2 1/2 times more expensive than fresh potatoes bought in 10-pound bags.B.Since fresh potatoes are 80 percent water, one pound of dehydrated potatoes is t
