1、考博英语-186 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.He always talks and behaves in a very _ way.（分数：1.00）A.respectiveB.respectableC.respectfulD.respected2.The authorities are discouraging new _ who want to enter the country as there arent enough jobs for them.（分数：1.00）A.passengers
2、B.migrantsC.immigrantsD.emigrants3.From science courses students should _ a useful command of science concepts and principles.（分数：1.00）A.requireB.acquireC.demandD.inquire4.Intelligence is the ability of a person _ clearly and logically.（分数：1.00）A.to thinkB.thinkingC.thoughtD.being thought5.There are
3、 many forms of energy, _ is atomic energy.（分数：1.00）A.one of thatB.one of whomC.whichD.one of which6.Hes like a _ child; he likes to get his own way.（分数：1.00）A.hurtB.spoiledC.damagedD.harmed7._ I love you, I cannot let you any more money.（分数：1.00）A.Much asB.WhetherC.AlsoD.However8.I dont want to borr
4、ow the money, so I prefer to manage _.（分数：1.00）A.toB.withC.forD.without9.His failure to pass the exam was _ lack of effort.（分数：1.00）A.thanks toB.becauseC.due toD.in spite of10.It was very kind of you to get me something for my birthday, but you _ me such an expensive present.（分数：1.00）A.didnt need bu
5、yingB.neednt buyC.neednt have boughtD.hadnt needed to buy二、BSection B/B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.The lawyer conceded that her statement was true.（分数：1.00）A.provedB.doubtedC.deniedD.admitted12.Is the Canadian dollar equivalent to the U. S. dollar?（分数：1.00）A.about the same in value asB.worth a bit more than
6、C.very different in value fromD.worth a bit less than13.Ultimately, the better team did not win the game.（分数：1.00）A.EventuallyB.FortunatelyC.OccasionallyD.Presumably14.Some observers thought the war would be calamitous.（分数：1.00）A.marvelousB.tremendousC.hazardousD.disastrous15.We know the couple were
7、 reluctant to have their daughter marry him.（分数：1.00）A.eagerB.unwillingC.pleasedD.disappointed16.The Winfields are a quite conventional family.（分数：1.00）A.cheerfulB.humorousC.ordinaryD.well-known17.Mr. Carson thought he was entitled to more assistance from the government.（分数：1.00）A.had receivedB.had
8、a right toC.would obtainD.might apply for18.These machines have been idle for the past month.（分数：1.00）A.been troublesomeB.been working wellC.not been in serviceD.not been running at all19.Let me reiterate my point.（分数：1.00）A.repeatB.reviseC.reviewD.report20.Everyone who heard the story found it incr
9、edible.（分数：1.00）A.irresistibleB.immaterialC.unbelievableD.nonsensical三、BPart Cloze/(总题数：1，分数：15.00)BDirections:/B There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark th
10、e corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your-Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.When we think about addiction to drugs or alcohol, we frequently focus on negative aspects, ignoring the pleasures that accompany drinking or drug-taking. U(
11、21) /Uthe essence of any serious addiction is a pursuit of pleasure, a search for a “high“ that normal life does notU (22) /U. It is only the inability to functionU (23) /Uthe addictive substance that is dismaying, the dependence of the organism upon a certain experience and a(n)U (24) /Uinability t
12、o function normally without it. Thus a person will take two or threeU (25) /Uat the end of the day not merely for the pleasure drinking provides, but also because he “doesnt feelU (26) /U“ without them.U (27) /Udoes not merely pursue a pleasurable experience and need toU (28) /Uit in order to functi
13、on normally. He needs to repeat it again and again. Something about that particular experience makes life without itU (29) /Ucomplete. Other potentially pleasurable experiences axe no longer possible, U(30) /Uunder the spell of the addictive experience, his life is peculiarlyU (31) /U. The addict cr
14、aves an experience and yet he is never really satisfied. The organism may beU (32) /Usated, but soon it begins to crave again.Finally a serious addiction isU (33) /Ua harmless pursuit of pleasure by its distinctly destructive elements. A heroin addict, for instance, leads aU (34) /Ulife: his increas
15、ing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from Working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. U(35) /Uan alcoholics life is narrowed and dehumanized by his dependence on alcohol.（分数：15.00）A.HenceB.BecauseC.And yetD.MoreoverA.supplyB.resumeC.acceptD.preventA.except
16、B.withoutC.withD.besidesA.frustratingB.surprisingC.unchangingD.increasingA.drugsB.drinksC.dosesD.draughtsA.normalB.contentC.delightedD.spiritedA.A drugtakerB.The addictedC.An addictD.The druggerA.performB.makeC.experienceD.initiateA.other thanB.rather thanC.more thanD.less thanA.whileB.thusC.even if
17、D.forA.distortedB.rectifiedC.exaggeratedD.improvedA.eventuallyB.temporarilyC.accordinglyD.subsequentlyA.identical withB.consistent withC.divided fromD.distinguished fromA.destructiveB.dissatisfiedC.damagedD.derivativeA.SimilarlyB.ConverselyC.NaturallyD.Generally四、BPart Reading (总题数：6，分数：30.00)BDirec
18、tions:/B Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark th
19、e letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.BPassage One/BIt took no time at all for the native Americans who first greeted Christopher Columbus to be all but erased from the face of the earth. For about a thousand years the peaceful peop
20、le known as the Taino had thrived in modern-day Cuba and many other islands. But less than 30 years after Columbus arrival, the Taino would be destroyed by Spanish weaponry, forced labor and European diseases. Unlike their distant cousins, the Inca, Aztecs and Maya, the Taino left no pyramids or tem
21、plesno obvious signs that they had ever existed.But it is a mistake to assumeas many scholars have until quite recentlythat the absence of abundant artifacts meant the Taino were necessarily more primitive than the grander civilizations of Central and South America. They simply used less durable mat
22、erials: the Taino relied on wood for building and most craftwork, and much of what they made has disintegrated over the centuries. However, thanks largely to two remarkable digs undertaken recently, archaeologists will be able to enrich their knowledge of the Taino.There nearly intact remains of a T
23、aino dwelling buried in the dirt. This site may have been one of the Tainos major centers. Meanwhile, deep in the forests of the Dominican Republic, a U. S.-Dominican team has also made an important discovery: a 240-ft. deep Taino cenote, or ceremonial well, where hundreds of objects thrown in as of
24、ferings have been preserved in the oxygen-poor water.It will take a much longer time to understand the Taino fully, but they have been rescued from the ignoble status of footnotes in the chapter of history that began with the arrival of Columbus.（分数：4.00）(1).The main idea of Paragraph 1 is _.（分数：1.0
25、0）A.Christopher Columbus returned the Tainos greeting with crueltyB.the Europeans coming brought an end to the existence of the TainoC.the Taino once prosperous in modern-day Cuba now has no trace on earthD.Spanish weaponry would have crushed the Taino but for Columbus arrival(2).It is assumed the T
26、aino had a comparatively low civilization mostly because _.（分数：1.00）A.the Taino had produced no written recordsB.the Taino had built no pyramids and templesC.there has been little wooden structure the Taino relied onD.there has been few remains showing the life of the Tainos(3).Which statement is tr
27、ue concerning the Taino?（分数：1.00）A.They were enslaved by foreign invaders.B.They were more warlike than other Indians.C.They were the most short-lived of all the civilizations.D.They were buried deep in the dirt or oxygen-poor water.(4).What does the italicized word “ignoble“ (in the last sentence)
28、probably mean?（分数：1.00）A.Unfortunate.B.Unsuccessful.C.Unpromising.D.Unworthy.BPassage Two/BAlready lasers can obliterate skin blemishes, topically applied drugs can smooth facial lines and injected agents can remove deep wrinkles. Future products will be faster, better and longer lasting. “New subst
29、ances will be developed by entrepreneurs,“ says Brian Mayou, an aesthetic plastic surgeon, “that will be more successful than liquid silicone that we use today to eradicate wrinkles.“ The next major breakthrough, says Mel Braham, plastic surgeon and chief executive of the Harley Medical Group, will
30、be laser treatment that needs no recovery period.Nicholas Lowe, clinical professor of dermatology at the University of Los Angeles, adds: “There will be more efficient anti-oxidants to help reduce sun damage and aging. There will also be substances that increase the production of new collagen and el
31、astic tissue to maintain the elasticity of youthful skin.“Lee Shreider, a research cosmetic chemist, says that we may be able to look better without any kind of operation as semi-permanent make-up gets better. “Crooked noses will be improved by effectively sealing on shaded colors that either enhanc
32、e or subdue areas of the face. We will be able to straighten eyebrows and lips making the face more metricalwhich remains one of the keys to beauty, and even close blocked pores with permanent, custom-designed foundation.“The development of the safe Sun tan is a potential gold mine. Being researched
33、 at the University of Arizona, but a long way from reality, is the injectable tan. Professor Lowe is optimistic: “There will almost certainly be a safe way of developing a sunless tan that protects against sun damage. In animal research, weve applied creams to guinea pigs that can actually turn on s
34、ome of the genes that produce pigmentation without any sunlight exposure.“（分数：4.00）(1).What is the main topic of the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Inventions in cosmetologyB.New discovery in face-filling.C.A bright future for facial make-upD.The development of beauty culture.(2).According to the passage, what
35、has been used to remove deep wrinkles?（分数：1.00）A.Applied drugs.B.Liquid silicone.C.Laser treatment.D.Anti-oxidant.(3).Paragraph 4 suggests that one could improve effectively ones appearance concerning the nose, eyebrows, lips, etc. by _.（分数：1.00）A.applying certain lotionsB.having a beauty operationC
36、.changing the face shapeD.blocking several pores(4).As implied in the last paragraph, the injectable tan is being researched to meet the demand of the people who _.（分数：1.00）A.refuse to be exposed to the sunB.refuse to apply suntan creamsC.want to get a tan for beautyD.want to try gene pigmentationBP
37、assage Three/BThere are faults which age releases us from, and there are virtues which turn to vices with the lapse of years. The worst of these is thrift, which in early and middle life is wisdom and duty to practice for a provision against destitution. As time goes on this virtue is apt to turn in
38、to the ugliest, cruelest, shabbiest of the vices. Then the victim of it finds himself storing past all probable need of saying for himself or those next him, m the deprivation of the remoter kin of the race; In the earlier time when gain was symbolized by gold or silver, the miser had a sensual joy
39、in the touch of his riches, in hearing the coins clink in their fall through his fingers, and in gloating upon their increase sensible m the hand and eye. Then the miser had his place among the great figures of misdoing; he was of a dramatic effect, like a murderer or a robber; and something of this
40、 bad distinction clung to him even when his coins had changed to paper currency, the clean, white notes of the only English bank, or the greenbacks of our innumerable banks of issue; but when the sense of riches had been transmuted to the balance in his favor at his bankers, or the bonds in his draw
41、er at the safety-deposit vault, all splendor had gone out of his vice. His bad eminence was gone, but he clung to the lust of gain which had ranked him with the picturesque wrong-doers, and which only ruin from without could save him from, unless he gave his remnant of strength to saving himself fro
42、m it. Most aging men are sensible of all this, but few have the frankness of that aging man who once said that he who died rich died disgraced, and died the other day in the comparative poverty of fifty millions.（分数：5.00）(1).This short passage is mainly to tell that _.（分数：1.00）A.man becomes increasi
43、ngly greedy when getting oldB.a miser can be honest if he does no wrong actC.age can help convert some virtue into a viceD.misers all started from trying to be thrifty(2).According to the passage, one is thought vicious when he _.（分数：1.00）A.gathers up money at the sacrifice of all his family members
44、B.practices endless thrifty to guard his people from povertyC.stores continuously for his own and his relatives needsD.saves too much but wouldnt spend it for the necessary(3).The italicized expression “gloating upon“ probably means _.（分数：1.00）A.thinking with slight guiltB.seeing with much satisfact
45、ionC.touching with great aweD.hearing with little delight(4).The passage implies that what could stop a miser from lusting for money might be _.（分数：1.00）A.his franknessB.his eminenceC.his deathD.his glory(5).The words “in the comparative poverty of fifty millions“ at the end of the passage suggests
46、a notion that _.（分数：1.00）A.stinginess may cause a very rich man to die very pitifulB.rich people may still take 50 million as comparatively littleC.one remains discontent with all hes gained until his deathD.the rich are inconsiderate of the majority that live in povertyBPassage Four/BIf a mother pu
47、shes her small son in a swing, giving only a light force each time he returns, eventually he will be swinging quite high. The child can do this for himself by using his legs to increase the motion, but both the mothers push and the childs leg movements must occur at the proper moment, or the extent
48、of the swing will not increase. In physics, increasing the swing is increasing the amplitude; the length of the rope on the swing determines its natural oscillation period. This ability of an object to move periodically or to vibrate when stimulated by a force operating in its natural period is called resonance.Resonance is observed many times without consciously thinking about it; for example, one may find an annoying vibration or shimmy in an automobile, caused by a loose engine mount vibrating with increasing amplitude because of an out-of-round tire. The bulge on the ti
