1、考博英语-227 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Lateral thinking (迂回思维), first described by Edward de Bono in 1967, is just a few years older than Edward“s son. You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker, but the de Bono
2、was so famous, Caspar“s parents worried that any time he would say something bright at school, his teachers might snap, “Where do you get that idea from?“ “We had to be careful and not overdo it,“ Edward admits. Now Caspar is at Oxford which once looked unlikely because he is also slightly dyslexic
3、(诵读困难). In fact, when he was applying to Oxford, none of his school teachers thought he had a chance. “So then we did several thinking sessions,“ his father says, “using my techniques and when he went up for the exam, he did extremely well.“ Soon after, Edward de Bono decided to write his latest boo
4、k “Teach Your Child How to Think“, in which he transforms the thinking skills he developed for brain-storming businessmen into informal exercises for parents and children to share. Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence, and everybody knows that children are n
5、ot very logical. So isn“t it an uphill battle, trying to teach them to think? “You know,“ Edward de Bono says, “if you examine people“s thinking, it is quite unusual to find faults of logic. But the faults of perception are huge! Often we think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.“ “Tea
6、ch Your Child How to Think“ offers lessons in perception improvement, of clearly seeing the implications of something you are saying and of exploring the alternatives.（分数：15.00）(1).What is TRUE about Caspar?（分数：3.00）A.He is Edward“s sonB.He is an adventurous thinkerC.He first described lateral think
7、ingD.He is often scolded by his teacher(2).Caspar succeeded in applying to Oxford because _.（分数：3.00）A.he was careful and often overworkedB.all of his school teachers thought he had a chanceC.he used in the exam the techniques provided by his fatherD.he read the book “Teach Your Child How to Think“
8、before the exam(3).It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Edward _.（分数：3.00）A.was likely to improve children“s logic with his bookB.gave a description of lateral thinking several years after his son was bornC.was prompted to study lateral thinking because his son was slightly dyslexicD.once taught
9、 businessmen how to think before he wrote for parents and children(4).According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements expresses Edward de Bono“s view?（分数：3.00）A.Everybody knows that children aren“t very logicalB.It is an uphill battle trying to teach children to thinkC.We often think ine
10、ffectively because we take too limited a viewD.Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence(5).Lateral thinking refers to the following EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）A.improving one“s logic in thinkingB.improving one“s perception in thinkingC.seeing the implications of what you
11、 are sayingD.exploring the alternatives for what you are saying三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：15.00)For millions of years before the appearance of the electric light, shift work, all night cable TV and the Internet, the Earth“s creatures evolved on a planet with predictable and reassuring 24-hour rhythms. Our
12、 biological clocks are set for this daily cycle. Simply put, 9ur bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives (Contrary to popular belief, humans don“t need les
13、s sleep as they age). But on average, Americans sleep only about seven and a half hours per night, a marked drop from the nine hours they averaged in 1910. What“s worse, nearly one third of all Americans get less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night. For most people, that“s not nearly eno
14、ugh. Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleeping disorders are genetic. But many problems are caused by staying up late and sleeping in, by traveling frequently between time zones or by working nights.
15、 Dr. James F. Jones at National Jewish Medical and Research Center in Denver says that sleep disorders are often diagnosed as other discomforts. About one third of the patients referred to him with possible chronic fatigue syndrome actually have treatable sleep disorders. “Before we do anything else
16、, we look at their sleep,“ Jones says. Sleep experts say that most people would benefit from a good look at their sleep patterns. “My motto (座右铭) is “Sleep defensively“,“ says Mary Carskadon of Brown University. She says people need to carve out sufficient time to sleep, even if it means giving up o
17、ther things. Sleep routineslike going to bed and getting up at the same time every dayare important. Pre-bedtime activities also make a difference. As with Elsner, who used to suffer from sleeplessness, a few lifestyle changesavoiding stimulants and late meals, exercising hours before bedtime, relax
18、ing with a hot bathyield better sleep.（分数：15.00）(1).What is TRUE of human sleep?（分数：3.00）A.Most people need less sleep when they grow olderB.Most people need seven and a half hours of sleep every nightC.On average, people in the UD.For most people, less than six hours of sleep on a typical work nigh
19、t is enough(2).For our bodies to function properly, we should _.（分数：3.00）A.sleep for at least eight hours per nightB.believe that we need less sleep as we ageC.adjust our activities to the new inventionsD.be able to predict the rhythms of our biological clocks(3).According to the author, many sleepi
20、ng disorders are caused by _.（分数：3.00）A.other diseasesB.pre-bedtime exercisesC.improper sleep patternsD.chronic fatigue syndrome(4).Which of the following measures can help you sleep better?（分数：3.00）A.Staying up lateB.Taking a hot bathC.Having late mealsD.Traveling between time zones(5).“Sleep defen
21、sively“ means that _.（分数：3.00）A.people should go to a doctor and have their problems diagnosedB.people should exercise immediately before going to bed every nightC.people should sacrifice other things to get enough sleep if necessaryD.people should give up going to bed and getting up at the same tim
22、e every day四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The media can impact current events. As a graduate student at Berkeley in the 1960s, I remember experiencing the events related to the People“s Park that were occurring on campus. Some of these events were given national media coverage in the press and on TV. I
23、found it interesting to compare my impressions of what was going on with perceptions obtained from the news media. I could begin to see events of that time feed on news coverage. This also provided me with some healthy insights into the distinctions between these realities. Electronic media are havi
24、ng a greater impact on the people“s lives every day. People gather more and more of their impressions from representations. Television and telephone communications are linking people to a global village, or what one writer calls the electronic city. Consider the information that television brings in
25、to your home every day. Consider also the contact you have with others simply by using telephone. These media extend your consciousness and your contact. For example, the video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake focused on “live action“, such as the fires or the rescue efforts. This gave
26、the viewer the impression of total disaster. Television coverage of the Iraqi War also developed an immediacy. CNN reported events as they happened. This coverage was distributed worldwide. Although most people were far away from these events, they developed some perception of these realities. In 19
27、92, many people watched in horror as riots broke out on a sad Wednesday evening in Los Angeles, seemingly fed by video coverage from helicopters. This event was triggered by the verdict (裁定) in the Rodney King beating. We are now in an age where the public can have access to information that enables
28、 it to make its own judgements, and most people, who had seen the video of this beating, could not understand how the jury (陪审团) was able to acquit (宣布无罪) the policemen involved. Media coverage of events as they occur also provides powerful feedback that influences events. This can have harmful resu
29、lts, as it seemed on that Wednesday night in Los Angeles. By Friday night the public got to see Rodney King on television pleading, “Can we all get along?“ By Saturday, television seemed to provide positive feedback as the Los Angeles riot turned out into a rally for peace. The television showed tho
30、usands of people marching with banners and cleaning tools. Because of that, many more people turned out to join the peaceful event they saw unfolding on television. The real healing, of course, will take much longer, but electronic media will continue to be a part of that process.（分数：15.00）(1).The b
31、est title for the passage is _.（分数：3.00）A.The 1992 Los Angeles RiotsB.The Impact of Media on Current EventsC.The 1989 San Francisco Earthquake and the 1992 Los Angeles RiotsD.How Media Cover Events(2).All the following statements are true EXCEPT that _.（分数：3.00）A.electronic media can extend one“s co
32、ntact with the worldB.those living far away from a certain event can also have some perception of realities by watching televisionC.all the events occurring on the university campus at Berkeley were given national media coverageD.video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake gave the viewers t
33、he impression of total disaster(3).The term “electronic city“ in Paragraph 2 refers to _.（分数：3.00）A.Los AngelesB.San FranciscoC.BerkeleyD.the earth(4).The 1992 Los Angeles riots broke out because _.（分数：3.00）A.the jury acquitted the policemen who had beaten Rodney KingB.people can make their own judg
34、ementsC.video coverage from helicopters had made people angryD.video coverage had provided powerful feedback(5).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：3.00）A.media coverage of events as they occur can have either good or bad resultsB.most people who had seen the video of the Rodney King beat
35、ing agree with the verdict of the juryC.the 1992 Los Angeles riots lasted a whole weekD.Rodney King seemed very angry when he appeared on television on Friday五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：15.00)At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997, it became abundantly clear how complex it has become to
36、 work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions of certain substances. The global challenges of the interlink between the environment and development
37、increasingly bring us to the core of the economic life of states. During the late 1980s we were able, through international agreements, to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer. These reductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemical
38、s and, more important, because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and the economies of states. Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem, we also
39、 know that the effects of measures, especially harsh measures taken in some countries, would be nullified (抵消) if other countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the
40、 content of CO2 in the atmosphere, this path is not feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous (人口众多的) low-income or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses. In addition,
41、 the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap. We must, however, find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century. Such a commitment would require a degree of shared vision and common responsibilities new to humanity. Success lies in the forc
42、e of imagination, in imagining what would happen if we fail to act. Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer, few would cheer the arrival of the subsequent tropical disease, especially where had been none.（分数：15.00）(1).The main purpose of this p
43、assage is to _.（分数：3.00）A.convince people that global warming is a threatB.criticize some countries for refusing to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layerC.analyze the problem of global warmingD.argue against making deep cuts in emissions(2).The reason why it is difficult to get rid of the th
44、reat of global warming is that _.（分数：3.00）A.the leaders of many countries are not fully aware of the gravity of the problemB.world technology is not able to solve the problemC.-not all the countries are willing to make deep cuts in emissionsD.many people welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer
45、 summer(3).In the passage the author implies that _.（分数：3.00）A.it is always difficult to work out international agreements to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layerB.it is no longer easy to reach international agreements relating to the environmentC.the world has recently become aware of the
46、threat of global warmingD.the problem of global warming has largely been solved(4).According to the author, it is impossible at present to cut 60% of carbon dioxide emissions globally because _.（分数：3.00）A.it is only a goal to be reached in the futureB.Some people are lacking in imaginationC.some peo
47、ple are irresponsibleD.it would cause a collapse of the world economy(5).What should all countries do to help solve the problem of global warming?（分数：3.00）A.They should replace all the harmful substancesB.They should willingly undertake legal commitments about their energy usesC.They should hold ano
48、ther world conference on climate changeD.They should provide advanced technology六、Passage 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term
49、is confused, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge (facts). Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses (假设) and theories are attempts to explain natu
