1、考博英语-77 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)I wonder if you realize just how many others share your problem. It is so common for people to distort the truth about themselves. Sometimes it“s just an invented excuse when you“re late for something or
2、a pretence that you like someone you don“t. These white lies don“t usually harm anyone and indeed often help smooth over difficult social situations. They certainly are embarrassing if exposed but, on the whole, they“re easily forgiven. What you describe is a habit of lying that is more serious than
3、 this. I suspect that the lies you tell are ways of defending an idea you have of your own worth. People who have doubts about their own self-esteem often worry that others will judge them as harshly as they feel they deserve because of a secret idea that they are pretty worthless. In other words, t
4、hey create a false picture of themselves, a picture of someone who meets all the expectations they think others have of them, and as you say, that causes problemssince they have to keep living up to that image. At the same time, they have to tell further lie to cover the stories they have already to
5、ld. According to some authorities, this is particularly among women especially those who have few opportunities to develop an adequate sense of self-worth. I suggest you give yourself one day during which you stick solidly to the truth about yourself. Give yourself a small treat at the end of the da
6、y if you have managed to keep it up. Wait a week and then try it again. Once you have achieved three separate lie-free days, see if you can cope with three days running, then extend it to a whole week. Don“t make a promise to yourself that you will never lie again because almost certainly you willit
7、“s too much to take on at once. Try to change things little by little, by setting yourself manageable targets. After a while, you“ll wonder why you ever had the problem at all.（分数：20.00）(1).This passage is a reply to someone who _.（分数：5.00）A.keeps a habit of lying for vain reasonsB.works hard to mee
8、t others“ expectationsC.does not know the truth about himself and is too sure of himselfD.does not know how to make a realistic plan for himself(2).Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?（分数：5.00）A.White lies often cause embarrassment in social situations.B.It is importan
9、t for women to have an adequate sense of self-worth.C.It takes a little time to get rid of your habit.D.Take exercise like running if you are free and keep it up.(3).The expression “living up to“ in the second paragraph can best be replaced by _.（分数：5.00）A.growing up withB.living withC.seekingD.stic
10、king to(4).In the last paragraph the writer implies that _.（分数：5.00）A.you will solve the problem with patience and a strong willB.you must be hard on yourself to accomplish somethingC.your problem lies in the fact that you hasten to make promisesD.you must set different targets at different stages o
11、f your life三、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The London Stock Exchange has been famous as a place for men only, and women used to be strictly forbidden to enter. But the world is changing day by day, and even the Stock Exchange, which seemed to be a men“s castle, is gradually opening its doors to the other se
12、x. On 16th November 1971, a great decision was taken. The Stock Exchange Council (the body of men that administers the Stock Exchange) decided that women should be allowed onto the new trading floor when it opened in 1973. But the “castle“ had not been completely conquered. The first girls to work i
13、n “The House“ were not brokers or jobbers. They were neither allowed to become partners in stock broking firms, nor to be authorized dealers in stocks and shares. They were simply junior clerks and telephone operators. Women have been trying to get into the Stock Exchange for many years. Several vot
14、es have been taken in “The House“ to see whether the members would be willing to allow women to become members, but the answer has always been “No“. There have been three refusals of this kind since 1967. Now women are admitted, although in a very junior capacity. Two forms of jobbers made an applic
15、ation to the Stock Exchange Council to be allowed to employ girl clerks. Permission was finally given. A member of the Stock Exchange explained after this news had been given, “The new floor is going to be different from the old one. All the jobbers will have their own stands, with space for a telep
16、hone and typewriters, therefore there will have to be typists and telephone operators. So women must be allowed in.“ This decision did not mean a very great victory in the war for equal rights for women. However, it was a step in the right direction. The Chairman of the new building will eventually
17、lead to women being allowed to have full membership of the Stock Exchange. It is only a matter of time; it must happen.（分数：20.00）(1).The London Stock Exchange is famous _.（分数：5.00）A.for its favorable locationB.for its policy of opening its doors to womenC.because it has been a place for men onlyD.be
18、cause women are now beginning to enter its doors to work(2).Several votes have been taken in “The House“ _.（分数：5.00）A.to see if women were willing to become membersB.to decide when women would be allowed into “The House“C.to find out whether the members were willing to allow women to become membersD
19、.to decide when to allow women onto the new trading floor(3).Which of the following is true?（分数：5.00）A.Since 1973 women have been allowed to work with the London Stock Exchange.B.Women have always been refused participation in stock trading.C.Women were never officially allowed to enter the Stock Ex
20、change.D.Men have been trying to get into the Stock Exchange.(4).What is this article about?（分数：5.00）A.Women“s place in society.B.How the London Stock Exchange functioned in 1971.C.How women have been struggling for full membership of the Stock Exchange.D.How women were gradually allowed to work in
21、the Stock Exchange.四、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get a good score on a certain kind of test, or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a style of life, a life, a way of behaving in various situations. The true test of i
22、ntelligence is not how much we know how to do, but how we behave when we don“t know what to do. The intelligent person, young or old, meeting a new situation or problem, opens himself up to it. He tries to take in with mind and senses everything he can about it. He thinks about it, instead of about
23、himself or what it might cause to happen to him. He grapples with it boldly, imaginatively, resourcefully, and if not confidently, at least hopefully; if he fails to master it, he looks without fear or shame at his mistakes and learns what he can from them. This is intelligence. Clearly its roots li
24、e in a certain feeling about life, and one“s self with respect to life. Just as clearly, unintelligence is not what most psychologists seem to suppose, the same thing as intelligence, only less of it. It is an entirely different style of behavior, arising out of entirely different set of attitudes.
25、Years of watching and comparing bright children with the not-bright, or less bright, have shown that they are very different kinds of people. The bright child is curious about life and reality, eager to get in touch with it, embrace it, unite himself with it. There is no wall, no barrier, between hi
26、mself and life. On the other hand, the dull child is far less curious, far less interested in what goes on and what is real, more inclined to live in a world of fantasy. The bright child likes to experiment, to try things out. He lives by the maxim that there is more than one way to skin a cat. If h
27、e can“t do something one way, he“ll try another. The dull child is usually afraid to try at all. It takes a great deal of urging to get him to try even once; if that try fails, he is through. Nobody starts off stupid. Hardly an adult in a thousand, or ten thousand could in any three years of his lif
28、e learn as much, grow as much in his understanding of the world around him, as every infant learns and grows in his first three years. But what happens, as we grow older, to this extraordinary capacity for learning and intellectual growth? What happens is that it is destroyed, and more than by any o
29、ther one thing, it is destroyed by the process that we misname educationa process that goes on in most homes and schools.（分数：20.00）(1).The writer believes that intelligence is _.（分数：5.00）A.doing well in schoolB.doing well on some examinationsC.a certain type of behaviorD.good scores on tests(2).The
30、writer believes that “unintelligence“ is _.（分数：5.00）A.similar to intelligenceB.less than intelligenceC.the common belief of most psychologistsD.a particular way of looking at the world(3).Why does the writer say that education is misnamed?（分数：5.00）A.Because it takes place more in homes than in schoo
31、l.B.Because it discourages intellectual growth.C.Because it helps dull children with their problems.D.Because it helps children understand the world around them.(4).In the paragraphs which follow the above passage, the writer probably discusses _.（分数：5.00）A.how education destroys the development of
32、intelligenceB.how bright children differ from dull childrenC.how intelligence is inheritedD.how the child“s intellectual capacity grows at home and school五、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)When judging animal intelligence, scientists look for insight, which they define as a flash of sudden understanding. When
33、a young gorilla could not reach fruit from a tree, she noticed crates scattered about the lawn, piled them and then climbed on them to reach her reward. The gorilla“s insight allowed her to solve a new problem without trial and error. The ability to use tools is also an important sign of intelligenc
34、e. Crows use sticks to pry peanuts out of cracks. The crow exhibits intelligence by showing it has learned what a stick can do. Likewise, otters use rocks to crack open crab and, in a series of complex moves, chimpanzees have been known to use sticks to get at favorite snack-termites. Many animals h
35、ave learned to communicate using human language. Some primates have learned hundreds of words in sign language. One chimp can recognize and correctly use more than 250 abstract symbols on a keyboard and one parrot can distinguish five objects of two different types and can understand the difference
36、between numbers, colors, and kinds of object. The research on animal intelligence raises important questions. If animals are smarter than once thought, would that change the way humans interact with them? Would humans stop hunting them for sport or survival? Would animals still be used for food or c
37、lothing or medical experimentation? Finding the answer to these tough questions makes a difficult puzzle even for a large-brained, problem-solving species like our own.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the text, which is true about animals communicating through the use of _ human language?（分数：4.00）A.Parrot
38、s can imitate or repeat a sound.B.Dolphins click and whistle.C.Crows screech warnings to other crows.D.Chimps have been trained to use sign language or word symbolizing geometric shapes.(2).The word “upsurge“, (Line 1, Para 1), most nearly means _.（分数：4.00）A.an increasingly large amountB.a decreasin
39、g amountC.a well-known amountD.an immeasurable amount(3).The chimpanzee“s ability to use a tool illustrates high intelligence because _.（分数：4.00）A.he is able to get his foodB.he faced a difficult task and accomplished itC.he stored knowledge away and called it up at the right timeD.termites are prot
40、ein-packed(4).The concluding paragraph of this text infers _.（分数：4.00）A.there is no definitive line between those animals with intelligence and those withoutB.animals are being given opportunities to display their intelligenceC.research showing higher animal intelligence may fuel debate on ethics an
41、d crueltyD.animals are capable of untrained thought well beyond mere instinct(5).Which of the following is NOT a sign of animal intelligence?（分数：4.00）A.Shows insight.B.Cues.C.Uses tools.D.Makes a plan.六、Text 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)There are increasingly fraught relationships that adults are having with ch
42、ildrenin all walks of life, from the police and politicians, within the public sector and within communities themselves. The fear of young people has changed the way society is policed, how pupils are treated in schools and how insecure adults relate to children on their estates. Rather than childre
43、n and young people becoming more violent and anti-social, it is adults who have changed, having fewer relationships with young people and becoming less confident in their dealings with them. We must explore the role that crime and safety initiatives have on the outlook of the public. The attempt by
44、government, council departments, the police and many others to reduce the fear within communities by developing safety initiatives is having the opposite effect, resulting in the institutionalization of this fear. Curfews have increased adults“fear of young people and reduced the amount of time youn
45、g children are allowed out to play. They have raised the level of insecurity amongst parents about the safety of their children and ultimately reduced the contact between generations within this community. It is not far from the truth to say that “youth“ no longer existsif by youth we mean the freed
46、om loving rebelliousness. The outcome of this process is breeding a generation of young people who are if anything more fragile and fearful than their grandparents. Finally, as well as exploring the fear of young people, we must look at the insecurity that parents have for their children. There has
47、been a reduction in play, and specifically in “free play“, and the effect of this more regulated environment on children“s lives is yet to be determined and not something we can continually ignore in our rush to protect society from children.（分数：20.00）(1).The author is mainly directing his message t
48、owards _.（分数：4.00）A.adults in generalB.the younger generationC.law enforcement authoritiesD.parents(2).The first paragraph is mainly about _.（分数：4.00）A.the way younger people have changedB.the change in attitude and treatment towards youthC.the fewer relationships between youth and adultsD.the fear
49、that youth and adults have towards each other(3).The author sees safety initiatives as part of the problem because _.（分数：4.00）A.they actually cause more rebelliousnessB.they are unpopular with young peopleC.they worsen relationships and create more fearD.they reduce the play young people can use to expend energy(4).The author believes it“s possible to say youth no longer exists because _.（分数：4.00）A.youth have no more rebellion and freedomB.youth are indistinguishable in character from their grandparentsC.they
