1、考研数学三-一元函数微分学(三)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is (1) to say it anyway. He is that (2) bird, a scientist who works inde
2、pendently (3) any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not (4) thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.(5) he, however, might tremble at the (6) of what he is about to do. Together with another tw
3、o scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only (7) that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in (8) are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.This group general
4、ly do well in IQ test, (9) 12-15 points above the (10) value of 100, and have contributed (11) to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the (12) of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, (13) . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genet
5、ic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, (14) , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been (15) to social effects, such as a strong tradition of (16) education. The latter was seen as a (an) (17) of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases a
6、re intimately (18) . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has (19) them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this (20) state of affairs.（分数：10.00）(1).A selected B prepared C obliged D pleased（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A unique B particular C special D rare（分数：0.50）A.B
7、.C.D.(3).A of B with C in D against（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A subsequently B presently C previously D lately（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A Only B So C Even D Hence（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A thought B sight C cost D risk（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A advises B suggests C protests D objects（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A progress B f
8、act C need D question（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A attaining B scoring C reaching D calculating（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A normal B common C mean D total（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A unconsciously B disproportionately C indefinitely D unaccountably（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A missions B fortunes C interests D careers（分数：
9、0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A affirm B witness C observe D approve（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A moreover B therefore C however D meanwhile（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A given up B got over C carried on D put down（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A assessing B supervising C administering D valuing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A development B
10、origin C consequence D instrument（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A linked B integrated C woven D combined（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A limited. B subjected C converted D directed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A paradoxical B incompatible C inevitable D continuous（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总
11、题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Internet advertising is booming. The industry has gone from $ 9.6 billion in revenue in 2001 to $ 27 billion this year, according to Piper Jaffray, an investment bank. And it is still early days. The internet accounts for only 5% of total spending on advertising,
12、 but that figure is expected to reach at least 20% in the next few years. The single largest category within this flourishing industry, accounting for nearly half of all spending, is “pay-per-click“ advertising, which is used by firms both large and small to promote their wares.The benefits of the p
13、ay-per-click approach over traditional advertising (television, radio, print and billboards are obvious. Since advertisers pay only to reach the small subset who actually respond to an advertisement, the quality of the leads generated is very high, and advertisers are prepared to pay accordingly. Th
14、e price: per click varies from $ 0.10 to as much as $ 30, depending on the keyword, though the average is around $ 0.50. Google made most of its $ 6.1 billion in revenue last year from pay-per-click advertising.But as pay-per-click advertising has grown into a huge industry, concern has mounted over
15、 so-called “click fraud“-bogus clicks that do not come from genuinely interested customers. It takes two main forms. If you click repeatedly on the advertisements on your own website, or get other people or machines to do so on your behalf, you can generate a stream of bogus commissions. Click fraud
16、 can also be used by one company against another: clicking on a rival firms advertisements can saddle it with a huge bill. Bogus clicks are thought to account for around 10% of all click traffic, though nobody knows for sure.A few months ago Mr. Gross pioneered an alternative to the pay-per-click mo
17、del. In February, Snap, a search engine backed by Mr. Gross, launched “pay-per-action“ (PPA), a new model in which advertisers pay only if a click on an ad is followed by an action such as a purchase or a download.Might this put an end to click fraud? Dont bet on it, says Mike Zeman at Starcom, an a
18、dvertising agency. Payper-action will be a niche, he predicts, since converting a click into an action depends on a variety of factors such as the ease of use of the advertisers website. Google and its peers will be reluctant to be so dependent on factors outside their control. But Mr. Tobaccowala t
19、hinks pay-per-action could become a real alternative to pay-per-click. As bigger companies spend more on internet advertising; they will demand more accountability and a wider range of options, he says. At the very least, that means clamping down on click fraud; but it also presents an opportunity f
20、or entrepreneurs to invent new models that are less vulnerable to abuse.（分数：10.00）(1).The situation of “pay-per-click“ advertising can be described as _.A a fresh industry. B an efficient tool to attract the consumers.C the trend of internet advertising. D the good choice for both large and small co
21、mpanies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The price per click depends on the keyword, because _.A the keyword will attract consumers to visit the advertisers website.B the keyword relates to the commission.C the keyword will reflect the consumers hobbies.D the keyword is the main part of the product.（分数：2.00）A.B
22、.C.D.(3).The advertisers and the website operators have the conflict caused by _.A the fraud click.B the ignoring of fraud-detection from website operators.C losing money in “pay-per-click“ advertising.D whether the PPA model should be used.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The PPA will become more popular due t
23、o _.A the shortcoming of pay-per-click. B the fraud click.C the punishment for click fraud. D the adoption of leading operators.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is true of the text?A Although the risk exists, the internet advertising still can earn a lot of profit,B The PPA will substitut
24、e the original click advertising model.C All operators start to satisfy the advertisers by using PPA.D The entrepreneurs are pleasantly surprised by the temporary solution.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In 1575-over 400 years ago the French scholar Louis Le Roy published a learned book in
25、which he voiced despair over the changes caused by the social and technological innovations of his time, what we now call the Renaissance. We, also, feel that our times are out of joint; we even have reason to believe that our descendants will be worse off than we are.The earth will soon be overcrow
26、ded and its resources exhausted. Pollution will ruin the environment, upset the climate and endanger human health. The gap in living standards between the rich and the poor will widen and lead the angry, hungry people of the world to acts of desperation including the use of nuclear weapons as blackm
27、ail. Such are the inevitable consequences of population and technological growth if present trends continue.The future is never a projection of the past. Animals probably have no chance to escape from the tyranny of biological evolution, but human beings are blessed with the freedom of social evolut
28、ion. For us, trend is not destiny (fate). The escape from existing trends is now facilitated by the fact that societies anticipate future dangers and take preventive steps against expected changes.Despite the widespread belief that the world has become too complex for comprehension by the human brai
29、n, modern societies have often responded effectively to critical situations. The decrease in birth rates, the partial prohibition of pesticides and the rethinking of technologies for the production and use of energy are but a few examples illustrating a sudden reversal of trends caused not by politi
30、cal upsets or scientific breakthroughs, but by public awareness of consequences.Even more striking are the situations in which social attitudes concerning future difficulties undergo rapid changes before the problems have come to pass - witness the heated arguments about the problems of behavior con
31、trol and of genetic engineering even though there is as yet no proof that effective methods can be developed to manipulate behavior and genes on a population scale.One of the characteristics of our times is thus the rapidity with which steps can be taken to change the orientation of certain trends a
32、nd even to reverse them. Such changes usually emerge from grass root movements rather than from official directives.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first two paragraphs, if present trends continue, which one of the following situations will not occur?A An overpopulated earth will be unable to sustain
33、 its inhabitants.B The rich will become richer and the poor will become poorer.C New sources of energy will be substituted for oil and natural gas.D The effects of pollution will pose a dreadful threat to mankind.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The best illustration of the meaning of “trend is not destiny“ in
34、paragraph 3 is thatA human beings are blessed with the freedom of social evolution.B the world has become too complex for human beings to modify.C preventive steps against catastrophes are difficult to be adopted.D the earth will soon be overcrowded and its resources exhausted.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A
35、ccording to the text, evidences of the insight of the public into the dangers which surround us can be found in all of the following EXCEPTA a decline in birth rates.B opposition to the use of pesticides.C pressing for better power production and energy use.D a rapid increase in the funding of envir
36、onment research.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author is in favor of the opinion thatA the reversal of trend caused by scientific advances is out of the question.B nuclear weapons wont play a prominent role in dealings among peoples.C the public is aware of the future dangers and ready to take immediate a
37、ction.D the trend of rapid development of science and technology seems irresistible.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The logical organization of the text is thatA an assertion is made, followed by a few examples to illustrate it.B future dangers are stated and relative measures are to be adopted.C a historical
38、trend is stated and evidence is then provided to prove it.D examples of risks are given and reasons are then advanced to clarify them.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Some oil companies plan to get rid of some of the pollution they produce by pumping it into rocks deep inside the Earth, wher
39、e they say it will stay for thousands of years. Other people ,though, arent so sure this is advisable; environmental groups say that putting this pollution back into the Earth is a bad idea.When oil burns, it doesn t just produce heat: it also produces carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a natural par
40、t of the air, but because people burn so much oil, there s too much carbon dioxide in the air. This extra carbon dioxide is pollution; some scientific studies show that carbon dioxide is one of the“ greenhouse gases“ that is causing the Earth s temperature to rise.Environmentalists say that the oil
41、companies plans may not work. The oil companies say they are making sure that the gas will never escape, but environmentalists wonder how the oil companies can be so sure that the gas won t seep into the air. They also point out that there s no way to check to make sure the gas isn t leaking. In add
42、ition, the environmentalists point out that the pumping costs money-for research and for equipment-that the oil companies should be spending on preventing pollution, rather than on just moving it someplace else.Another problem, say some people who are concerned about the Earth, is that if the oil co
43、mpanies find a cheap way to get rid of their pollution, they won t look for new kinds of energy. These environmentalists say that energy companies should be researching ways to use hydrogen, wind power, and solar power instead of finding better ways to use oil. They argue that continuing to use oil
44、means that we will still need to buy oil from other countries instead of producing our own cheap, clean energy.Environmentalists also say that burying pollution just pushes the problem into the future, rather than really solving it. They say that if the oil companies pump carbon dioxide into the roc
45、ks inside the Earth, it will be there for thousands of years, and that no one knows if this plan-even if it works-might turn into a pollution problem for all of us in the future.The oil companies insist that their plan is safe, and that putting the gas inside the Earth is a reasonable way to deal wi
46、th it. They point out that there is a lot of room in the Earth for this extra gas, and that putting carbon dioxide inside the Earth means that the gas wont be in the air, and if it s not in the air, it won t make the Earth warmer.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, oil results in air pollution b
47、ecauseA it burns very easily and has a very awful smell.B it produces too much heat that warm up the temperature.C it emits too much carbon dioxide into the air when burning.D it is called the“ greenhouse gas“.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to some environmentalist, the oil companiesA are further po
48、lluting the air by using more oil than clean energy.B are not really concerned with solving the problem of pollution.C are attempting to reduce the pollution they have done to the air.D are in need of research and equipment in pollution prevention.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of burying pollution?A It actually prevents companies from looking for other energy sources.B It is difficult to make sure that the buried gas will stay where they are.C It might turn up with serious consequences in the years to come.D It will possibly take up
