1、考研数学三-一元函数微分学(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Just how does a person arrive at an idea of the kind of person that he is? He develops this (1) of self through a gradual and complicated (2) which continues throughout life. The notion is an (3) that one establishes only
2、 with the help of others. (4) the elementary knowledge that one is short or tall is a comparative judgment that we cannot make (5) we have the opportunity to (6) ourselves with others. Ones idea of qualities which are harder to (7) is even more dependent upon other peoples ideas.Whether one is intel
3、ligent, or stupid; attractive, or ugly; these and many other ideas of the self are (8) from the reactions of people with whom we (9) This process of (10) the nature of the self from the reaction of others has been labeled the “Looking-glass Self“ by Cooley, who carefully analyzed this psychological
4、(11) of self-discovery.Just as the picture in the mirror gives an image of the physical self, (12) the perception of the reactions of others gives an image of the social self. We know, (13) , that we are good at certain things and not at others. This (14) came to us from the reactions of other perso
5、ns, first our parents and then other individuals (15) in life. It should be remembered that, as other peoples reactions could be (16) and understood in more than one way, the looking-glass self with which the individual (17) may easily differ from the image others have actually formed of his (18) Cl
6、early, it is our perception of the responses of others and not their (19) responses that (20) our self-image, and these perceptions are often not accurate.（分数：10.00）(1).A consent B label C frame D concept（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A model B evolution C process D return（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A illusion B ima
7、ge C incident D issue（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A Even B Only C But D Hence（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A until B by C during D after（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A approach B assess C compare D equate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A detect B define C demand D defend（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A achieved B exerted C secured D acquired（分数：
8、0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A interfere B cooperate C interact D comply（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A exploring B convicting C exploiting D extending（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A aspect B altitude C horizon D scope（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A while B for C so D since（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A in brief B in effect C after all D for
9、 example（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A appendix B knowledge C selection D ignorance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A sooner B later C earlier D former（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A pursued B persisted C perceived D polished（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A senses B means C refers D states（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A peculiarity B ambitio
10、n C personality D reputation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A precise B genuine C original D actual（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A improves B shapes C directs D guides（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)After the terrorist attacks in America last Septembe
11、r, terrorist risk became the pariah of perils. The airline industry was most directly affected by the attacks, and it was the first to find that no one wanted to insure terrorist risk. Insurance companies immediately increased premiums and cut cover for airlines third-party terror and war liabilitie
12、s to $ 50m per airline, per “event“. Under pressure from airlines, the American government and the members of the European Union agreed to become insurers of last resort for airlines war and terrorist liabilities, for a limited period. These government guarantees are due to expire at the end of the
13、month.The American government has already agreed to extend its guarantee for another 60 days. The EUs transport ministers are meeting next week in Brussels to decide what to do. Insurers and reinsurers are keen for the commercial market to resume the provision of all airline insurance as soon as pos
14、sible. No wonder: The premiums for such cover have inevitably increased considerably.However, in the case of terrorism, and especially of terrorism in the skies, a number of special factors arise. Some are purely practical: a disaster as sudden and unforeseen as the attacks on the World Trade Center
15、 has had destructive effects on the insurance industry. The maximum cover for third-party terrorist risk available in the primary aviation market is now $ 50m, and that is not nearly enough cover risks that are perceived to be much higher since September 11th. Even if the market could offer sufficie
16、nt cover, another catastrophe on such a scale would be more than the market could cope with.In addition, a rare and devastating risk of a political nature is arguably one that it is right for governments to cover, at least in part. In the wake of attacks by Irish terrorists the British government ha
17、s recognized this point by agreeing to back a mutual fund to cover risks to property from terrorist attack.In the case of the airlines, the appropriate answer is some form of mutual scheme with government backing. In fact, under the code-name “Equitime“, representatives of airlines, insurers and the
18、 American government are setting up an insurance vehicle to be financed by airlines and reinsured by the government. Governments would guarantee the funds excess. risk, but their role would diminish as the fund grew.Setting something up will take time. So, to bridge the gap, governments will have to
19、 remain insurer of last resort for airlines war and terrorist risk for some time to come.（分数：10.00）(1).By “terrorist risk became the pariah of perils“ (Paragraph 1), the author meansA insurance companies increased premiums.B airlines seek to avoid legal liabilities.C terrorist attacks left insurers
20、panicked.D terrorist risk is unlikely to be insured.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the text, now it is beyond the ability of commercial insurance marketA to win the support from governments.B to cancel provision for airline insurance.C to cope with overwhelming disasters.D to rule out third-party
21、 terrorist risks.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “vehicle“ (Para. 5) denotesA vulnerability.B capability.C liability.D availability.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The writer argues that in the foreseeable future the insurer of last resort for airlines terrorist risk will beA insurance companies.B governments gu
22、arantees.C airlines themselves.D mutual fund schemes.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be concluded from the text that airlines war and terrorist riskA should be attended to cautiously.B should be left with the government alone.C should be accepted reluctantly.D should be left up to insurance companies.（分
23、数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Du Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who challenged the established system of education that tended to restrict rather than to advance the progress of black Americans. He challenged what is called the “Tuskegee machine” of Booker T. Washington, th
24、e leading educational spokesperson of the blacks in the U. S. . As a sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided.Unlike Washington, whose roots were in southern black agriculture, Du Boiss career spanned both sides of the Mason-Dix
25、on Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, received his undergraduate education from Fisk University in Nashville, did his graduate study at Harvard University, and directed the Atlanta University Studies of Black American Life in the South. Du Bois approached the problem of racial relations in the
26、United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcher and as an activist for civil rights. Among his works was the famous empirical sociological study, The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study, in which he examined that citys black population and made recommendations for the school system. Du B
27、oiss Philadelphia study was the pioneer work on urban blacks in America.Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil rights movement. He helped to organize the Niagara Movement in 1905, which led to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established
28、in 1909. From 1910 until 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal of the NAACP. In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position was that all American children and youth should have genuine equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate, stressed
29、the following themes: (1) public schooling should be free and compulsory for all American children; (2) secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should not be monopolized by any special class or race.As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the traditio
30、n of racial segregation in the schools but also the accommodationist ideology of Booker T. Washington. The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change. Du Bois bel
31、ieved in educated leadership for blacks, and he developed a concept referred to as the “talented tenth”, according to which 10 percent of the black population would receive a traditional college education in preparation for leadership.（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “Tuskegee machine” (Line 3, Para. 1) mos
32、t probably refers toA the established educational system.B a kind of tool.C the thoughts of Booker T. Washington.D the supporters of Booker T. Washington.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is most likely Du Boiss belief?A The blacks have a priority in terms of education.B Higher education s
33、hould be free for all races.C Everyone has an equal right to education.D Development in education should be gradual.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A Washington would not appreciate the idea of overthrowing social order.B Racial separation is an o
34、utcome of accommodationist ideology.C Washington would support a determined and activist leadership.D The Philadelphia Negro is a book on blacks in American South.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Compared with Booker T. Washington, Du Boiss stance wasA less popular. B more radical.C less aggressive. D more cons
35、ervative.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatA many blacks were prepared for leadership.B Du Bois was in favor of “elite education” for blacks.C Washington and Du Bois had never been friends.D only the top 10 percent were worth educating.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：
36、1，分数：10.00)Within 80 years, some scientists estimate, the world must produce more than eight times the present world food supply. The productiveness of the sea raises our hopes for an adequate food supply in the future. Aided by men of science, we have set forth to find out that 70 percent of the ea
37、rth remains unexplored-the ocean depths. Thus, we may better discover and utilize the seas natural products for the worlds hungry.It is fish protein concentrate that is sought from the seas. By utilizing the unharvested fish in United States waters alone, enough fish protein concentrate can be obtai
38、ned to provide supplemental animal protein for more than one billion people for one year at the cost of less than half a cent per day per person. The malnutrition of children is terribly tragic. But the crime lies in societys unrestrained breeding, not in its negligence in producing fish powder. But
39、 wherever the population projects are carefully considered, the answer to the problem is something like this: There are few projects that could do more to raise the nutritional level of mankind than a full-scale scientific effort to develop the resources of the sea. Each year some thirty million ton
40、s of food products are taken from the sea, which account for 12 percent of the worlds animal proteins. Nations with their swelling populations must push forward into the sea frontiers for food supplies. Private industry must step up its marine research and the federal government must make new attack
41、s on the problems of marine research development. There is a tone of desperateness in all these designs on the sea.But what is most startling is the assumption that the seas are an untouched resource. The fact is that the seas have been, and are being, hurt directly and indirectly, by the same force
42、s that have abused the land. In the broad pattern of ecological relationships the seas are not separable from what happens on the land. The poisons that pollute the soil and the air bring in massive doses into the “continental shelf“ waters. The dirt and pollution that spills from our urban sewers a
43、nd industrial out falls despoil our bays and coastal waters. All the border seas are already heavily polluted by the same exploitation drives that have undermined the quality of life on land.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, which of the following statements is true?A Though the situation is not
44、urgent, we should press forward with our marine research.B Nations throughout the world must be provided with fish, fresh or frozen, for needed protein.C There are enough fish in the U. S. seas to allow for the annual protein needs of a quarter of the worlds 5 billion people.D The oceans are the maj
45、or source of the worlds protein supply.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The authors primary concern is thatA the oceans will help to provide enough food for the world in the future.B thirty million tons of food products are taken from the sea every year.C city sewers are pouring forth polluted matter into bays
46、and coastal waters.D a steady increase in population will result in more hungry mouths to feed.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author of the text is most probably of the opinion thatA the sea is an inexhaustible resource of food supply.B the shortage o food supply mainly results from unrestricted populatio
47、n growth.C the inadequate food supply is chiefly caused by the negligence in exploration of the sea.D it is the population projects, rather than the development of sea resources, that can improve the nutritional conditions of mankind.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).From the last paragraph we learn thatA the se
48、as we will depend on for future food have been more or less contaminated.B the marine resources are directly bound up with our future life.C the exploitation drives are essential for us to improve the quality of life on the earth.D the ecological balance in the seas has nothing to do with that on the land.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The most appropriate title for this text isA The Role of Science in Fighting Hunger.B Scientific Efforts to Develop Sea Resources.C The Importance of Fish Protein in Our Diets.D The Sea and Our Future Food Supply.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Jim Boon
