1、考研数学三-一元函数微分学(四)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“In the long run,“ as John Maynard Keynes observed, “we are all dead. “ True. But can the (1) run be elongated in a way that makes the long run (2) ? And if so, how, and at what cost? People have dreamt of (3) since time
2、immemorial. They have sought it since the first alchemist put an elixir of (4) on the same shopping list as a way to turn lead into gold. They have (5) about it in fiction, from Rider Haggards “She“ to Frank Herberts “Dune“. And now, with the growth of (6) knowledge that has marked the past few deca
3、des, a few researchers believe it might be within (7) . To think about the question, it is important to understand why organisms-people (8) -age in the first place. People are like machines: they (9) That much is obvious. However, a machine can always be (10) A good mechanic with a stock of spare pa
4、rts can keep it going (11) . Eventually, no part of the (12) may remain, but it still carries on, like Lincolns famous axe that had three new handles and two new blade. The question, of course, is whether the machine is worth (13) . It is here that people and nature (14) . Or, to put it slightly (15
5、) , two bits of nature disagree with each other. From the individuals point of view, (16) is an imperative. You cannot reproduce unless you are alive. A fear of death is a sensible evolved response and, since (17) is a sure way of dying, it is no surprise that people want to stop it in its tracks. M
6、oreover, even the appearance of ageing can be (18) . It (19) the range of potential sexual partners who find you attractive-since it is a sign that you are not going to be (20) all that long to help bring up baby-and thus, again, curbs your reproduction. （分数：10.00）(1).A short B long C shorter D long
7、er（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A shorter B longer C faster D slower（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A mortality B immortality C no disease D no disaster（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A gold B fame C life D power（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A recorded B imagined C read D written（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A physical B chemical C scientific D bi
8、ological（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A reach B knowledge C researches D plan（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A excluded B included C apart D without（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A wear down B wear away C wear out D wear on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A disposed B repaired C bought D replaced（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A definitely B tempora
9、rily C effectively D indefinitely（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A spare B original C new D advanced（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A replacing B repairing C buying D upgrading（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A compromise B agree C disagree D consent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A differently B consistently C similarly D identically（分数：0
10、.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A living B survival C death D reproduction（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A ageing B fearing C disease D disaster（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A useful B cheerful C harmful D doubtful（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A settles B closes C reduces D extends（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A around B helpful C with D together
11、（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Whoever said that victory has many fathers and defeat is an orphan, surely had never heard of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In the case of the hapless multilateral trade body and its long sufferi
12、ng representatives, the total failure of the opening meeting of the so called Millennium trade round has lots of people boasting of their roles in the violent physical struggle. Well. Thats just brilliant. They are proud of being part of a movement that wants to wreck the most important engine of ec
13、onomic growth, prosperity and overall global rising living standards we have-the freedom of trade and movement of people and goods between nations.The 135-member WTO is composed of sovereign governments wishing to further this goal and ease the settlement of international trade disputes. From the so
14、unds emanating from Seattle, though, it would now seem the WTO has now replaced the Trilateral Commission and the Freemasons as candidate No. 1 to take over the World.Everybody has his favorite Seattle story. The citys police chief will have plenty of time to think about his, having now resigned in
15、disgrace over the loss of control of downtown Seattle. The Seattle business community may be more inclined to brood over theirs-the poor fools invested $ 9 million to attract the meeting to their fine city. What stands out more? I would nominate the union of steel workers who were marching in protes
16、t. Its an image that will boggle the mind for years to come.The debate now is over just how effective this anti-globalist coalition will turn out to be. In the heat of the moment, it always looks as though the world as we know it is coming to an end. But the overwhelming likelihood is that we have n
17、ot actually seen a replay of the anti Vietnam War movement, which had much clearer focus, obviously, though its consequences were far-reaching. How long, after all, can you protest against cheap imports when those same imports are all over your house?No, the real reason for the disaster in Seattle i
18、s political, and reports coming out of the meeting point to President Clinton as a major culprit. Which may be both good and bad. Taking the long view, other trade rounds have had difficult beginnings, too. It took years to get the Uruguay Round under way, which finally happened in 1986. Thankfully,
19、 we will soon be electing another president, and it should be someone whose actions match his rhetoric.Still, it is a disgrace that the worlds greatest trading nation, i.e. the United States, is currently led by a man whose motivations are so narrowly political and egocentric that he has now wrecked
20、 any chance of entering the history books as a champion of free trade.（分数：10.00）(1).The statement “victory has rnany fathers and defeat is an orphan“ (Para. 1) is used to introduceA the victory of suffering representatives.B the failure of WTOs opening meeting.C the role of international free trade.
21、D the dynamics of economic growth.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It is implied in the first sentence that the failure of Millennium trade round could be attributed toA factors other than a movement.B violent labor disputes.C mislead political motivations.D troubled trade unions.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).By saying
22、that “Its an image that will boggle the mind for years to come,“ (Paragraph 3) the author means that the debate in Seattle proves to beA dubiously-oriented.B quite transient.C self-contradictory.D fairly consequential.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author is obviously critical of President Clinton forA hi
23、s failure to match his words with his actions.B his lack of historical knowledge about the WTO.C his putting the issue in a wrong perspective.D his exaggeration of WTOs economic role.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).From the text we can see that the writer seemsA optimistic.B gloomy.C disgraced.D proud.（分数：2.00
24、）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many things make people think artists are weirdthe odd hours, the nonconformity, the clove cigarettes. However, the weirdest may be this: artists only jobs are to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel lousy. This wasnt always so. The ea
25、rliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring. In the 20th century, classical music became more atonal, visual art more unsettling.Sure, there h
26、ave been exceptions, but it would not be a stretch to say that for the past century or so, serious art has been at war with happiness. In 1824, Beethoven completed his “ Ode to Joy “ . In 1962, novelist Anthony Burgess used it in A Clockwork Orange as the favorite music of his ultra-violent antihero
27、.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modem times have seen such misery. But the reason may actually be just the opposite: there is too much happiness in the world today.In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church,
28、which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Today the messages that the average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and relentlessly happy. Since these messages have an agendato pry our wallets from our pocketsthe
29、y make the very idea of happiness seem bogus. “ Celebrate! “ commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attack.What we forgetwhat our economy depends on us forgettingis that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that
30、bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us that it is OK not to be happy, that sadness makes happiness deeper. As the wine connoisseur movie Sideways tells us, it is the kiss of decay an
31、d mortality that makes grape juice into Pinot Noir. We need art to tell us, as religion once did, that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. Its a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, is a breath of fresh air
32、.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the strangest about artists?A They wear special clothes.B They rarely work in the daytime.C They mainly depict distressing things.D They are liable to take illegal drugs.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The example that “ Ode to Joy “ was used in Burgesss novel is meant to illustrate that
33、_.A musicians and novelists share similar artistic tasteB violent people have a strong desire to be happyC serious art is often contradictory with happinessD music is enjoyed by good and bad people alike（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “ Celebrex “ in the advertisement_.A misleads people into buying da
34、ngerous drugsB reminds people of a cheerful feelingC boasts of the effectiveness of a drugD comes from a religious term（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).How could the economy depend on our forgetting things?A The economy would no/be boosted if everybody was satisfied.B There are many new products designed for th
35、e forgetful.C We pay heavily for forgetting things easily.D People will spend more money if we believe in easy happiness.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does the author imply with the movie Sideways?A Happiness can be found through pains and efforts.B Happiness comes when everything dies.C Happiness makes
36、 sadness deeper.D Happiness is not a good thing.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The European Unions Barcelona summit, which ended on March 16th, was played out against the usual backdrop of noisy “anti-globalization“ demonstrations and massive security. If nothing else, the demonstrations i
37、llustrated that economic liberalization in Europe-the meetings main topic-presents genuine political difficulties. Influential sections of public opinion continue to oppose anything that they imagine threatens “social Europe“, the ideal of a cradle-to-grave welfare state.In this climate of public op
38、inion, it is not surprising that the outcome in Barcelona was modest. The totemic issue was opening up Europes energy markets. The French government has fought hard to preserve a protected market at home for its state-owned national champion, Electricite de France (EDF). At Barcelona it made a well-
39、flagged tactical retreat. The summiteers concluded that from 2004 industrial users across Europe would be able to choose from competing energy suppliers, which should account for “at least“ 60% of the market.Since Europes energy market is worth 350 billion ( $ 309 billion) a year and affects just ab
40、out every business, this is a breakthrough. But even the energy deal has disappointing aspects. Confining competition to business users makes it harder to show that economic liberalization is the friend rather than the foe of the ordinary person. It also allows EDF to keep its monopoly in the most p
41、rofitable chunk of the French market.In other areas, especially to do with Europes tough labor markets, the EU is actually going backwards. The summiteers declared that “disincentives against taking up jobs“ should be removed; 20m jobs should be created within the EU by 2010. But only three days aft
42、er a Barcelona jamboree, the European Commission endorsed a new law that would give all temporary-agency workers the same rights as full-timers within six weeks of getting their feet under the desk. Six out of 20 commissioners did, unusually, vote against the measure-a blatant piece of re-regulation
43、-but the social affairs commissioner, Anna Diamantopoulou, was unrepentant, indeed triumphant. A dissatisfied liberaliser in the commission called the directive “an absolute disaster“.The summits other achievements are still more fragile. Europes leaders promised to increase spending on “research an
44、d development“ from its current figure of 1.9% of GDP a year to 3%. But how will European politicians compel businesses to invest more in research? Nobody seems to know. And the one big research project agreed on at Barcelona, the Galileo satellite-positioning system, which is supposed to cost 3.2 b
45、illion of public money, is of dubious commercial value, since the Europeans already enjoy free access to the Americans GPA system. Edward Bannerman, head of economics at the Centre for European Reform, a Blairite think-tank, calls Galileo “the common agricultural policy in space./（分数：10.00）(1).What
46、is the passage mainly about?A A review of EUs Barcelona summit.B About merits of a EUs summit.C A survey of Europes competitors.D About the achievements of the EU.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The public launched a demonstrations against the summit with respect toA political difficulties.B its strong influen
47、ce.C imaginative ideals.D its social welfare.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to this text, “anti-globalization“ is to “liberation“ asA “security“ is to “threats“.B “monopoly“ is to “competition“.C “publicity“ is to “privacy“.D “research“ is to “development“.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).We learn from the text
48、 that Edward Bannerman is probablyA an enthusiast in agricultural policy.B a tough leader in social affairs.C an doubter of spending on research.D a pioneer in space exploration.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In the eyes of the author, the EUs Barcelona summitA turned out to be rather disappointing.B was as productive as expected.C proved to be quite dissatisfactory.D was not so fruitful as anticipated.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The mid-sixties saw the start of a project that, along with other similar research, was to teach us a great deal about the chimpanz
