1、考研英语(一)-31 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The China boom is by now a well-documented phenomenon. Who hasnt (1) the Middle Kingdoms astounding economic growth (8 percent annually), its mesmerizing (令人目瞪口呆的) (2) market (1.2 billion people), the investment ardor of fo
2、reign suitors ($40 billion in foreign direct investment last year (3) )? China is an economic juggernaut (主宰). (4) Nicholas Lardy of the Brookings Institution, a Washington D. C. -based think tank, “No country (5) its foreign trade as fast as China over the last 20 years. Japan doubled its foreign t
3、rade over (6) period; (7) foreign trade as quintupled. Theyre become the preeminent producer of labor-intensive manufacturing goods in the world.“ But theres been (8) from the dazzling China growth storynamely, the Chinese multinational. No major Chinese companies have (9) established themselves, or
4、 their brands, (10) the global stage. But as Haler shows, that is starting to change. (11) 100 years of poverty and chaos, of being overshadowed by foreign countries and multinationals, Chinese industrial companies are starting to (12) on the world.A new generation of large and credible firms (13) i
5、n China in the electronics, appliance and even high-tech sectors. Some have reached critical mass on the main land and (14) new outlets for their productionthrough exports and by building Chinese factories abroad, chiefly in Southeast Asia. One example: Chinas investment in Malaysia (15) from $8 mii
6、lion in 2000 to $766 million in the first half of this year. (16) Chinas export prowess (杰出的才能), it will be years (17) Chinese firms achieve the managerial and operational expertise of Western and Japanese multinationals. For one thing, many of its best companies are still at least partially state-o
7、wned. (18) , China has a shortage of managerial talent and little notion of marketing and brand-building. Its companies are also (19) by the countrys long tradition of central planning, inefficient use of capital and antiquated distribution system, (20) makes building national companies a challenge.
8、（分数：10.00）(1).A. listened B. listened to C. heard D. heard of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. consume B. consumer C. consuming D. consumed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. alone B. only C. along D. lonely（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. As B. As to C. Judging by D. According to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. has expanded B. did expand
9、 C. does expand D. expands（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. 20-year B. a 20-year period C. 20-years D. a 20 years（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. China B. Chinas C. Chinese D. Sino（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. something missing B. missing somethingC. something lost D. lost something（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. yet B. to C. still
10、 D. been（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. at B. in C. over D. on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. After B. Before C. Since D. Behind（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. make a call B. make a cry C. make a mark D. make a voice（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. has set up B. has established C. has emerged D. is emerged（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).
11、A. are now seeking B. is now seekingC. now are seeking D. now is seeking（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. rising B. increasing C. enhanced D. soared（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. For all B. All for C. All of D. After all（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. after B. before C. since D. till（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. Whats more B.
12、 Whats new C. Whats worse D. Whats surprise（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. making it B. prevented C. handicapped D. protected（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. that B. which C. this D. what（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In Paris, a popular new bike
13、rental program called Velib (a slang combination of the French words velo, for bike, and liberty, for liberty) was introduced. (1) The bikes, which are available from over 1,421 stations around the city, can be rented on a half-hourly basis (1 euro for the first half hour and 2 euros for the second
14、half hour) or people can pay 29 euros for an entire year of bike riding. Riders can pick up the bike at one station and return it to any of the other stations scattered approximately 300 meters apart around the city. This system is meant to encourage riders to use the bikes as they would be a car or
15、 public transport. The ultimate goal, of course, is to reduce pollution in the city. But the mayor has also said that he likes the idea of Parisians and tourists alike enjoying the city by bicycle.The bike programwhich started in Lyonhas become extremely popular with Parisians of all ages. Although
16、riders must be at least 14 years old and 1.5 meters tall, these restrictions have not stopped teenagers from using the bikes to go out at night. “You can ride them home after a party, when the metro (the subway system in Paris) is closed,“ explained Agathe Deschamps, 14, who uses Velib to get to sch
17、ool sometimes. In fact, the Velib is so popular that enthusiasts often have to visit two or three stations before finding an available bike. At a recent dinner party, one guest excused herself for arriving so late because she couldnt find a Velib.Although helmets (头盔) are not required by French law,
18、 they are strongly recommended and rides of the road are spelled out on the Velib website. An increase in bicycle-related accidents has been inevitable despite the addition of some 371 kilometers of bike paths in the city. (2)And some riders complain that the pearl gray bikes, which feature baskets
19、and rear lights that turn on automatically when the bike moves, do not have rear-view mirrors. After all, the city plans to have over 20,600 bikes circulating by December.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is true about the new bike rental program?A. There are about 1,421 stations in Paris and Lyo
20、n.B. If you rent a bike for 2 hours, you need to pay 6 euros.C. If you pay 29 euros, you can use the bikes any time around the year.D. You cannot return the bike to the station from which you rent it.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The purpose of the Velib program is to _.A. encourage people to get rid of thei
21、r carsB. relieve the pressure on public transportationC. improve the air quality in ParisD. help tourists have better experience in Paris（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The guest who arrives late at a dinner party is mentioned to _.A. be a good example illustrating the popularity of VelibsB. show that people a
22、lways find excuses when they are lateC. urge the city government to put more bikes into the programD. reveal a case of complaint people have about Velib（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the requirement Velib riders need to meet?A. They have to be adults.B. They have to be tall.C. They have to wear helmet
23、s.D. They have to obey road rules.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What can we learn about Velib bikes?A. They are of two different colorspearl and grey.B. They each have one basket at the front and another at the rear.C. They arent very safe since there are more bike-related accidents.D. They are well-equipped
24、, except for the lack of rear-view mirrors.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“My very educated mother just served us nine pizzas.“ Many American school children are taught this sentence to help them remember the order of the planets of the solar system. Soon though, this may change because, o
25、n July 29th, a team of astronomers announced the discovery of a very distant celestial body larger than Pluto. The researchers claim that the new bodywhich they are informally calling Xenashould be classified as a planet.The new bodytemporarily named 2003UB313orbits the Sun once every 560 years. It
26、is currently over 14 billion kilometres away, about three times farther out than Pluto, making it the most distant object ever discovered in the solar system. The researchers think it is part of the Kuiper belt, a ring of rocky objects that extends beyond Neptune.Mike Brown of the California Institu
27、te of Technology, Chad Trujillo of the Gemini Observatory and David Rabino witz of Yale University discovered the object in data recorded at the Palomar Observatory in San Diego in October 2003, but its motion did not become apparent until they reanalysed the data in January 2005.The question of whe
28、ther or not the new body should be considered a planet has rekindled the debate over what exactly counts as a planet. A handful of objects of similar size to, but smaller than, Pluto have been discovered in the Kuiper belt over the past few years. These have not been considered planets, mainly becau
29、se they were smaller than Pluto. But 2003UB313 is larger than Pluto. If Pluto is a planet, shouldnt it be as well?The case is not so clear cut. Many astronomers argue that Pluto should not be considered a planet. It is more like a large asteroid, they hold. Meanwhile, Dr. Brown asserts that as Pluto
30、 has historically been considered a planet, anything larger should also be considered one.Ultimately, the International Astronomical Union, a group of professional astronomers, will end this existential anxiety. Dr. Brown expects the process to take months, and the team is not allowed to reveal its
31、suggested name until then. Since most Greek and Roman names have already been used, he and his colleagues have previously drawn upon Native American and Inuit mythology for names. He will only hint that the new name comes from a different tradition altogether.Time will tell whether mother wilt be se
32、rving “nine polished xylophones“, “nine pizzas“ or just “noodles“.（分数：10.00）(1).The first sentence in Para. 1 is used by American school children because _.A. it represents typical American cultureB. it represents nine planets in the solar systemC. it is often used in teaching astronomyD. it is a go
33、od example of mnemonics（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, when was the new planet first detected?A. On July 29th 2005. B. In October 2003.C. In January 2005. D. On March 13th 2003.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The standards of planet are open to question because _.A. Pluto is now one of the nine
34、planetsB. Pluto is a historical mistakeC. objects of size similar to Pluto are not recognizedD. 2003UB313 is larger than Pluto（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).We can learn from the passage that the name of the 2003UB313 _.A. might be given by the International Astronomical UnionB. might be revealed by the resea
35、rch team soonC. might be chosen from list of Greek and Roman namesD. might be chosen from Native American and Inuit myth（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In which ease will mother be serving “noodles“?A. The new planet is named after noodles.B. The new object is not counted as a planet.C. Both Pluto and the new
36、object are not counted as planet.D. Both Pluto and the new object are counted as planet.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Current Group, a Germantown-based technology firm, has taken over an ordinary looking house in Bethesda and turned it into a laboratory for smart-grid technology, the syst
37、em the company believes will bring the nations electricity grids into the digital age.In the front yard stands a utility pole hooked up to a special transformer that connects the power lines to high-speed Internet. Hundreds of sensors attached to the lines monitor how power flows through the home. T
38、hat information is then sent back to the utility company.The process lets a utility more efficiently manage the distribution of electricity by allowing two-way communication between consumers and energy suppliers via the broadband network on the power lines. Based on data they receive from hundreds
39、of homes, utilities can monitor usage and adjust output and pricing response to demand. Consumers can be rewarded with reduced rates by cutting back on consumption during peak periods. And computerized substations can talk to each other so overloaded circuits hand off electricity to those that axe n
40、ot fully loaded, helping to prevent blackouts.Some utility companies have launched initiatives to give consumers data about their energy consumption habits in an effort to lower energy bills. Smart-grid technology takes such programs further by automating electricity distribution, which would make g
41、rids more reliable and efficient.By partnering with utilities, the company hopes to tap into $4.5 billion in stimulus grants intended to encourage smart-grid development. When he announced the funding, President Obama pointed to a project in Boulder, Colo., as an example of a successful smart-grid e
42、xperiment. Current is one of the companies working on the project.Currents chief executive Tom Casey believes the technology will help utility companies better distribute electricity produced by renewable resources, such as solar panels or wind farms. “A smart grids system can be paired up with the
43、renewable resources so that when the renewable source is varying, the overall load can be varied as well,“ Casey told the House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming. “This will reduce or eliminate the need for backup coal or gas based power generation plants./（分数：10.00）(1).Whic
44、h of the following is a must for smart-grid technology to work?A. The front yard of a house with a tall wooden pole.B. A huge hook that can connect power lines together.C. High-speed Internet access and Internet services.D. Many monitors through which power flowing can be seen.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).W
45、hat benefit can the smart-grid technology bring?A. The electricity supply of a certain area can be adjusted accordingly.B. The consumers and energy suppliers can have direct communication.C. Consumers can be rewarded for using less electricity.D. Substations can talk to each other through computers.
46、（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why is the system called “smart-grid“ technology?A. Because with all the sensors and transformers, the equipment looks very modern.B. Because the technology is making good use of computer intelligence.C. Because with all the data, they can help the utilities make clever decision
47、s.D. Because the consumers can have wise ideas on the usage of electricity.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the phrase “tap into“ (Line 1, Para. 5) mean?A. To spend money like water.B. To organize a smooth money flow.C. To take advantage of the government money.D. To absorb the money from shareholders
48、.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Whats the passage mainly about?A. A new technology is introduced into the nations electricity grids.B. Computers and Internet bring utilities into digital age.C. The U.S. government will work with a private electricity company.D. Smart-grid technology will take the place of coa
49、l or gas-based power plant.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Simply flipping through a book may not seem like the best way to scan it, but a Japanese research group at Tokyo University has created new software that allows hundreds of pages to be scanned within minutes. Scanning paper is normally a tedious process with each page having to be inserted into a flatbed scanner, but the team led by professor Masatoshi Ishikawa use a high speed camera that takes 500 pictures a second to scan pages as they are flipped.Normal scanners can
