1、考研英语(二)-21 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of
2、a family member“ were high on the list, hut so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stressit only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle th
3、ese events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy. By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women“s maga
4、zines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness!“ If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events. But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, manylike the death of a loved oneare impossible to avoid. More
5、over, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move. The notion that all stress makes y
6、ou sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we“re all vulnerable and passive in the face of adversity. But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time w
7、ithout change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain.（分数：25.00）(1).The result of Holmes-Rahe“s medical research tells us _.（分数：5.00）A.the way you handle major events may cause stressB.what should be done to avoid stressC.what kind of event would cause stressD.how to cope wit
8、h sudden changes in life(2).The studies on stress in the early 1970s led to _.（分数：5.00）A.widespread concern over its harmful effectsB.great panic over the mental disorder it could causeC.an intensive research into stress-related illnessesD.popular avoidance of stressful jobs(3).The score of the Holm
9、es-Rahe test shows _.（分数：5.00）A.how much pressure you are underB.how positive events can change your lifeC.how stressful a major event can beD.how you can deal with life-changing events(4).Why is “such simplistic advice“ (Line 1, Para.3) impossible to follow?（分数：5.00）A.No one can stay on the same jo
10、b for long.B.No prescription is effective in relieving stress.C.People have to get married someday.D.You could be missing opportunities as well.(5).According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become _.（分数：5.00）A.nervous when faced with difficultiesB.physically and mentally
11、 strainedC.more capable of coping with adversityD.indifferent toward what happens to themMost episodes of absent-mindednessforgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a roomare caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. “You“re supposed to remember something, but
12、you haven“t encoded it deeply.“ Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don“t pay attention to wh
13、at you did because you“re involved in a conversation, you“ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. “Your memory itself isn“t failing you,“ says Schacter. “Rather, you didn“t give your memory system the information it needed.“ Lack of interest can also lead to
14、absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,“ says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.“ Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. Visual cues c
15、an help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,“ he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen tabledon“t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket Anoth
16、er common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you“re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,“ says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you“ll likely reme
17、mber.（分数：25.00）(1).Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?（分数：5.00）A.It helps us understand our memory system better.B.It enables us to recall something from our memory.C.It expands our memory capacity considerably.D.It slows down the process of losing our memory.(2).One
18、possible reason why women have better memories than men is that _.（分数：5.00）A.they have a wider range of interestsB.they are more reliant on the environmentC.they have an unusual power of focusing their attentionD.they are more interested in what“s happening around them(3).A note in the pocket can ha
19、rdly serve as a reminder because _.（分数：5.00）A.it will easily get lostB.it“s not clear enough for you to readC.it“s out of your sightD.it might get mixed up with other things(4).What do we learn from the last paragraph?（分数：5.00）A.If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.B.Memor
20、y depends to a certain extent on the environment.C.Repetition helps improve our memory.D.If we keep forgetting things, we“d better return to where we were.(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：5.00）A.The process of gradual memory loss.B.The causes of absent-mindedness.C.The impact of the environm
21、ent on memory.D.A way of encoding and recalling.It is hard to track the blue whale, the ocean“s largest creature, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult, and visual sightings are too unreliable to
22、give real insight into its behavior. So biologists were delighted early this year when, with the help of the Navy, they were able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days, monitoring its sounds. This was possible because of the Navy“s formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices sp
23、anning the oceans. Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies. Earth
24、 scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption for the first time and that they plan similar studies. Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean an
25、d global temperatures. The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a secondslower than through land but faster than through air. What is most important, different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds, focusing them in the same way a stethoscope does when it carries faint noises f
26、rom a patient“s chest to a doctor“s ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean, especially low-frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles.（分数：25.00）(1).The passage is chiefly about _.（分数：5.00）A.an effort to protect an endangered marine speciesB.the c
27、ivilian use of a military detection systemC.the exposure of a U.S. Navy top-secret weaponD.a new way to look into the behavior of blue whales(2).The underwater listening system was originally designed _.（分数：5.00）A.to trace and locate enemy vesselsB.to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptionsC.to study th
28、e movement of ocean currentsD.to replace the global radio communications network(3).The deep-sea listening system makes use of _.（分数：5.00）A.the sophisticated technology of focusing sounds under waterB.the capability of sound to travel at high speedC.the unique property of layers of ocean water in tr
29、ansmitting soundD.low-frequency sounds traveling across different layers of water(4).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：5.00）A.new radio devices should be developed for tracking the endangered blue whalesB.blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening systemC.opi
30、nions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed to use military technologyD.military technology has great potential in civilian use(5).Which of the following is true about the U.S. Navy underwater listening network?（分数：5.00）A.It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists.B.It h
31、as been replaced by a more advanced system.C.It became useless to the military after the cold war.D.It is indispensable in protecting endangered species.The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became engaged in a var
32、iety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in mo
33、st major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health,
34、 since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females. Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on ae
35、robic fitness as well. Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has show
36、n that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such
37、training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives.（分数：25.00）(1).The word “spas“ (Line 3, Para.1) most probably refers to _.（分数：5.00）A.sports activitiesB.places for physical exerciseC.recreation
38、 centersD.athletic training programs(2).Early fitness spas were intended mainly for _.（分数：5.00）A.the promotion of aerobic exerciseB.endurance and muscular developmentC.the improvement of women“s figuresD.better performance in aerobic dancing(3).What was the attitude of doctors towards weight trainin
39、g in health improvement?（分数：5.00）A.Positive.B.Indifferent.C.Negative.D.Cautious.(4).People were given physical fitness tests in order to find out _.（分数：5.00）A.how well they could do in athleticsB.what their health condition was likeC.what kind of fitness center was suitable for themD.whether they we
40、re fit for aerobic exercise(5).Recent studies have suggested that weight training _.（分数：5.00）A.has become an essential part of people“s lifeB.may well affect the health of the traineesC.will attract more people in the days to comeD.contributes to health improvement as well考研英语(二)-21 答案解析(总分：100.00，做
41、题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member“ were high o
42、n the list, hut so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stressit only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affe
43、cts your chances of staying healthy. By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women“s magazines ran headlines like “St
44、ress causes illness!“ If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events. But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, manylike the death of a loved oneare impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid a
45、ll stressful events is a prescription for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move. The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot o
46、f what we know about people. It assumes we“re all vulnerable and passive in the face of adversity. But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge c
47、an lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain.（分数：25.00）(1).The result of Holmes-Rahe“s medical research tells us _.（分数：5.00）A.the way you handle major events may cause stressB.what should be done to avoid stressC.what kind of event would cause stress D.how to cope with sudden changes in life解析：
48、(2).The studies on stress in the early 1970s led to _.（分数：5.00）A.widespread concern over its harmful effects B.great panic over the mental disorder it could causeC.an intensive research into stress-related illnessesD.popular avoidance of stressful jobs解析：(3).The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows _
49、.（分数：5.00）A.how much pressure you are under B.how positive events can change your lifeC.how stressful a major event can beD.how you can deal with life-changing events解析：(4).Why is “such simplistic advice“ (Line 1, Para.3) impossible to follow?（分数：5.00）A.No one can stay on the same job for long.B.No prescription is effective in relieving stress.C.People have to get married someday.D.You could be missing opportunities as well. 解析：(5).According to the passage people who have experienced ups and down
