1、考研英语(二)-5 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.Bingo draws a crowd: low beds, high loos and handrails assist the weak. Only the glint of razor wire outs
2、ide shows this is not a social club. Detmold, near the German city of Hanover, is a pioneer of future prisons: U U 1 /U /Ua pen for the young and hardy, they are now housing the old and U U 2 /U /U, too.In most rich countries, the U U 3 /U /Uare the fastest growing category of prisoner. Definitions
3、of old age in jail U U 4 /U /U, but the trend is clear. In the decade after 2000 the over-55s grew by 181% in America (the total prison population by 17%); the over-60s U U 5 /U /Uby 128% in England and Wales; U U 6 /U /Uin Australia the over-65s U U 7 /U /Uby 140%. By 2030 perhaps a third of Americ
4、an prisoners will be over 55.The main cause is not crime rates U U 8 /U /Uharsher sentences and less paroleplus an ageing U U 9 /U /U. Another, says Azrini Wahidin of Belfast University, is that better forensic science has fuelled a “phenomenal“ clear-up rate of long-ago crimes. That catches now-eld
5、erly U U 10 /U /ULocking up old people is U U 11 /U /U. In 2012 Human Rights Watch, a campaigning and research outfit, U U 12 /U /Uthat jails U U 13 /U /Uup to nine times more on an ageing convict than on a typical prisoner. In Britain more than 80% of convicts over 60 have a chronic U U 14 /U /Uor
6、disability. U U 15 /U /Uonly Norwich prison has a 16-bed end-of-life unit, in operation since 2005. Britains only elderly prison wing, complete with stairlifts, is at Kingston, near Portsmouth.Deafness, osteoporosis and dementia need nursing-home U U 16 /U /Uand a handful of jails are starting to U
7、U 17 /U /Uit. In December 2012 Rimutaka prison, New Zealands biggest, opened the countrys first unit for vulnerable inmates. Fishkill prison in New York U U 18 /U /Ua dementia unit in 2007. Japans Onomichi prison has U U 19 /U /Ucells with rubber floors for the ill and ramps for the U U 20 /U /U.（分数
8、：10.00）(1). A.once B.after C.since D.later（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2). A.strong B.weak C.stout D.sturdy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3). A.young B.male C.elderly D.female（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4). A.resemble B.remember C.diffuse D.differ（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5). A.fell B.rose C.stayed D.maintained（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6). A.and B.
9、yet C.though D.so（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7). A.intended B.extended C.increased D.expanded（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8). A.then B.but C.and D.with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9). A.people B.resident C.dweller D.population（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10). A.criminals B.policemen C.group D.crowd（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11). A.cheap B.affordable
10、C.costly D.foolish（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12). A.evaluated B.estimated C.assessed D.predicted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13). A.cost B.wasted C.spent D.saved（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14). A.illness B.death C.problem D.issue（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15). A.So B.Thus C.If D.Yet（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16). A.protection B.prevention C.call
11、D.care（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17). A.refuse B.defend C.offer D.take（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18). A.created B.produced C.invented D.manufactured（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19). A.provided B.equipped C.shared D.worked（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20). A.disrupted B.disobedient C.disgraced D.disabled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BSection Readi(总题数
12、：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BText 1/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.The European Union reached a preliminary deal to curb bankers compensation that would drastic
13、ally limit the account that can be paid in bonuses. Britain resisted the move to cap the ratio between bankers fixed and variable pay. In a nod to opposition from the City of London the new rules treat long-term incentives linked to equities and bonds more favourably. The deal has to be agreed on by
14、 finance ministries next week.The Royal Bank of Scotland, which is still majority owned by the British taxpayer five years after a government bail-out, reported an annual pre-tax loss of 5.2 billion, mostly because of an accounting quirk connected to the value of its own debts.RBSs loss was put in t
15、he shade, however, when Bankia later posted a net loss for 2012 of 19 billion. The Spanish government owns just under half the bank, but that is expected soon to rise to 70%.A report by McKinsey underlined the impact of the financial crisis on annual cross-border capital flows, which fell by 60% fro
16、m 2007 to $4.6 trillion last year. The study says that financial globalisation has “stalled“ and that markets have reached an “inflection point“ that could lead to a “Balkanised“ structure based on local, rather than global, banking systems.Japans prime minister, Shinzo Abe, nominated Haruhiko Kurod
17、a to become the next governor of the Bank of Japan. Mr. Kuroda is the current head of the Asian Development Bank and had been a vocal critic of the BOJ. Mr. Abe has turned the central banks record into a political issue, urging it to do more to help “the real economy“.Indias government unveiled the
18、countrys most important budget in years, as it seeks to boost output while controlling inflation. Growth has cooled rapidly to around 5%. The official forecast says that the economy will expand by up to 6.6% in 2013-2014, but the opposition is quick to point out that the estimate for this year was o
19、verly optimistic.（分数：10.00）(1).What can be learned from the opening paragraph? A.The E.U. has reached an agreement to control bankers compensation. B.The deal would considerably increase the account paid in bonuses. C.Britain agreed on the act to limit the ratio between bankers fixed and variable pa
20、y. D.The deal to curb bankers compensation has been agreed on by finance ministries.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true? A.The Royal Bank of Scotland is completely possessed by the British taxpayer. B.The Royal Bank of Scotland suffered a great loss that led
21、 to its bankruptcy. C.The Royal Bank of Scotland suffered the loss due to an accounting quirk. D.The Royal Bank of Scotland lost a great sum because of a financial crisis.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The phrase“ put in the shade“ (Para. 3) is most probably equal to _. A.“put in the darkness“ B.“nothing big
22、in comparison“ C.“more serious than others“ D.“the most serious of all“（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).McKinseys report has _. A.emphasized the influence of financial crisis B.stressed the importance of financial globalisation C.shown the effect exerted by the “inflection point“ D.highlighted the impact of “Ba
23、lkanised“ structure（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5? A.Kuroda is the next prime minister of Japan. B.Kuroda is a supporter of the Bank of Japan. C.The central banks record was turned into a political issue by Kuroda. D.Japans prime minister urged the centr
24、al bank to take action to do something for the economy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BText 2/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)On Americas Gulf coast, massive industrial facilities stand idle. Miles of twisting stainless-steel pipes and huge storage tanks gleam uselessly in the sun. They are a reminder of the hundreds of billi
25、ons of dollars that America has invested in terminals for handling imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG). Thanks to the boom in domestic shale gas, those imports are no longer needed. America produces nearly as much gas as it consumes, and will soon produce far more.So the obvious thing to do with
26、those idle terminals is to re-engineer them to handle exports. Instead of receiving shiploads of liquefied gas and re-gasifying it, they should be taking American gas, liquefying it and loading it onto tankers. Converting these plants will not be cheapeach one will cost at least $5 billion. But the
27、potential rewards are much larger.In America gas sells for around $3.40 per million British thermal units (mBTU). In Europe it costs around $12. In gas-poor Asia, spot cargoes change hands for as much as $20 per mBTU. Since it costs roughly $5 per mBTU to liquefy the stuff, ship it and turn it back
28、into gas, America could be making a fortune from gas exports. To the extent that such exports displaced dirty coal, they would also help curb global warming.Most of Americas two dozen LNG import terminals have applied for export licences. Yet only one, Sabine Pass in Louisiana, has actually started
29、retooling its kit. Gas from there will start flowing onto global markets by the end of 2015. Why has every other terminal been so slow to seize this opportunity?Converting a plant is not easy: firms must build now upon row of expensive fridges, known as “liquefaction trains“, to get gas moving in th
30、e opposite direction. But the real hold-up is political. No LNG facility besides Sabine has yet received permission to export. American law requires the Department of Energy to determine whether gas exports are in the public interest, and President Barack Obamas administration is in no hurry to make
31、 up its mind.（分数：10.00）(1).America became less dependent on imported gas due to _. A.the use of massive industrial facilities B.billions of dollars invested in terminals C.the prosperity of home-produced gas D.the less consumption of domestic gas（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What can be inferred from Paragra
32、ph 2? A.It is easy to deal with the idle terminals. B.The government will soon convert the idle terminals. C.The potential reward to convert the plants isnt substantial. D.Converting the plants may be beneficial in the long term.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).America can earn a great fortune by _. A.gas impor
33、ts B.gas exports C.imports of oil D.exports of coal（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).We can learn from Paragraph 4 that _. A.Sabine has begun to retool its facility. B.Sabine has begun to sell gas to global markets. C.Most LNG terminals have gained export licences. D.Every terminal has been quick to grab the cha
34、nce.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).We can judge from the last paragraph that _. A.No LNG facility except Sabine has gained permission to export. B.Gas exports in America represent the interest of the public. C.Barack Obamas government has made up its mind. D.A plant is difficult to be converted.（分数：2.00）A.B.C
35、.D.六、BText 3/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In Jonathan Swifts 1726 novel, “Gullivers Travels“, the Yahoos are a degraded band of humanoids kept tied in stalls by their captors. It is therefore appropriate that a recent, widely leaked memo from Yahoos human-resources manager, Jackie Reses, began with the toe-curl
36、ing salutation with which managers at the company normally address underlings: “Yahoos“.“We can all feel the energy and buzz in our offices,“ the memo went on. Presumably, though, while some Yahoos are feeling it, others are hanging around at home in their pajamas, for the memo went onto say that fr
37、om June all Yahoos will be required to turn up in the office unless they have a good excuse. “The best is yet to come,“ the memo endeda claim which may sound implausible to the employees of a company whose market capitalisation has fallen from $125 billion in 2000 to $25 billion now.It is understand
38、able that Marissa Mayer, Yahoos recently appointed chief executive, should want to extract some more value from the employees she leads. Googles workers each generate $931,657 revenue, 160% more than the $353, 657 produced by each of Yahoos employees. And it is also reasonable for a company to want
39、to discourage its employees from behaving like freelances. After all, firms exist largely because people are more productive together than apart.But tying the Yahoos to their stalls in the companys offices does not seem like the right way to go about boosting their output. Plenty of evidence suggest
40、s that letting employees work from home is good for productivity. It allows them to use their time more efficiently and to spend more time with their families and less fuming in traffic jams or squashed on trains. It can reduce companies costs. Cisco claimed in 2009 that it was saving $277m a year b
41、y allowing its people to telecommute. A study by researchers at Stanford and Beijing Universities of a large Chinese travel company compared the performance of employees allowed to work from home with those who were stuck in the office: among the home-workers, job satisfaction rose, staff turnover f
42、ell by half and productivity went up by 13%. Hardly surprising, since a lot of people dont seem to work while they are at work: last year J.C. Penney, an American retailer, discovered that a third of its headquarterss bandwidth was taken up by employees watching YouTube videos.（分数：10.00）(1).The nove
43、l “Gullivers Travels“ is mentioned to _. A.introduce the topic of “Yahoo“ B.show that Yahoos are a degraded group C.praise the great works of Jonathan Swift D.describe Yahoos human-resource manager（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The phrase “turn up“ (Para. 2) means _. A.get up B.stay up C.show up D.take up（分数：
44、2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The third paragraph shows us that _. A.Googles employees are less productive than Yahoos B.people become less productive when they are separated C.it is reasonable for a company to encourage its employees to behave freely D.Marissa Mayer wants to share more value with the employees
45、she leads（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What can be concluded from the last paragraph? A.Confining the employees in the office can promote their output. B.Working at home is advantageous for boosting productivity. C.Working in the office can reduce the companys costs. D.Staying at home makes people work less
46、efficiently.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude towards working at home seems to be _. A.biased B.indifferent C.impartial D.favourable（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、BText 4/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“We will safeguard Britains credit rating with a credible plan to eliminate the bulk of the structural deficit over
47、a parliament,“ read the 2010 Conservative Manifesto. Well, so much for that. The decision by Moodys, one of the three big rating agencies, to downgrade Britain from Aaa to Aal on February 22nd was a colossal embarrassment. Moodys now ranks Britains credit lower than that of Luxembourg or the Isle of Man.Will the downgrade harm the economy? In the past countries with lower credit ratings have had to pay higher borrowing costs. But neither America, which was downgrade
