1、考研英语(二)-9 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.For many parents, summer is oppressive not mostly because of the heat but because of scheduling. The leng
2、thening days are a hint of the specter of more than 50 million school-age U U 1 /U /Uwith six more hours of U U 2 /U /Utime than usual. Its a child-care chasm that I usually end up crossing by building an emergency bridge made of cash: for more baby-sitting, more late U U 3 /U /U, more hastily put-t
3、ogether sort of activities.U U 4 /U /Uno matter how unprepared I am, Ill never be arrested for my choices. Thats what U U 5 /U /Uto Deborah Harrell, who was taken into custody earlier this month, officially for unlawful conduct toward a child, also known as U U 6 /U /Uher 9-year-old daughter in a pa
4、rk in North Augusta, S.C., for several hours U U 7 /U /Ushe was at work. Her kid had a cell phone, and the McDonalds Harrell works at was U U 8 /U /U, but the girl was there without adult U U 9 /U /Ufor much of the day, a U U 10 /U /Usaid.The moms U U 11 /U /Uled to a round of national hair pulling
5、about “How a person could even do that“ U U 12 /U /U“How a person could even report that“. U U 13 /U /U, about 40% of parents leave their kids on their own, at least for a while, U U 14 /U /Uthe American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Three states have even U U 15 /U /Ua minimum age for
6、 being home alone, U U 16 /U /Ufrom 8 years old in Maryland to 14 in Illinois.Kids have raced around outside by themselves since the dawn of time. Thats why those on the free-range end of the child-raising spectrum blamed the busybody who U U 17 /U /UHarrell. U U 18 /U /Ushe was doing exactly what c
7、hild-protective-service agencies have asked U.S. citizens to do, especially since data U U 19 /U /Uthat child-abuse reports U U 20 /U /Uto go down over summer but child-abuse incidents do not.（分数：10.00）(1). A.adolescents B.teenagers C.children D.adults（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2). A.busy B.free C.occupied D
8、.work（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3). A.fees B.money C.funds D.revenues（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4). A.And B.So C.Thus D.But（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5). A.happened B.conducted C.contributed D.attributed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6). A.abusing B.blaming C.shouting D.leaving（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7). A.before B.while C.after D.during（分数：0.5
9、0）A.B.C.D.(8). A.come by B.go by C.close by D.far away（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9). A.regulation B.supervision C.coordination D.manipulation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10). A.witness B.worker C.tramp D.child（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11). A.conduct B.act C.arrest D.behavior（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12). A.then B.than C.or D.so（分数：0.5
10、0）A.B.C.D.(13). A.in fact B.in turn C.in time D.in favor（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14). A.evaluates B.estimates C.calculates D.counts（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15). A.constructed B.built C.found D.established（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16). A.coming B.taking C.arranging D.ranging（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17). A.deported B.reported C.a
11、rrested D.announced（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18). A.Yet B.When C.So D.And（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19). A.expresses B.instructs C.indicates D.explains（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20). A.intend B.extend C.contend D.tend（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BText 1/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“Nanny“,
12、 “tyrant“these were among the charges hurled at Michael Bloomberg, New Yorks mayor, when he proposed a ban on big fizzy-drink bottles last May. The billionaire shrugged and pushed forward. However even Mr. Bloomberg must heed a court order. The American Beverage Association, which represents Coca-Co
13、la and other soda companies, has sued. Mr. Bloombergs ban is due to start on March 12th, but a judge may intervene.Three years after Michelle Obama launched her Lets Move! campaign, the fight against childhood obesity faces a tactical problem. Recent years have been dipping obesity rates in a few pl
14、aces, including New York, Mississippi and Philadelphia. But 17% of American children are still obese. The question is how to speed up progress. Further bans look increasingly unlikely.Voluntary programs remain politically much easier. Mrs. Obama has exhorted firms to take action. Many companies have
15、. On March 6th the Partnership for a Healthier America, a business group, published a report praising its members for putting more grocers in poor areas and healthier foods at restaurants. Sixteen food and beverage companies have promised to slash a combined 1.5 trillion calories from their products
16、 by 2015. Their first progress report is due in June. The long-term effect of these efforts may be slim. For example, even if the food and drink firms keep their promise, they would cut just 14 calories from the average Americans daily diet.Regulations might bring bigger change, but recent years sug
17、gest that such rules will come slowly, if at all. Congress did pass a law requiring healthier school lunches, though its effects are limited. Other attempts at national regulation have stalled. Four federal agencies studied voluntary guidelines to limit junk-food advertisements to children. Under pr
18、essure from Congress, the agencies dropped the effort. Obamacare requires that all restaurants and cinemas post the number of calories in their foods. The Food and Drug Administration proposed a rule for menus in 2011, but has yet to finalise the regulation.Cities and states are more likely to act t
19、han Congress (hardly a high bar), but they face their own challenges. Last year the beverage lobby spent more than $2.8m to defeat a soda tax in the small city of Richmond, California. Even Mr. Bloomberg, the anti-obesity crusades most fervent warrior, can only do so much.（分数：10.00）(1).We know from
20、the first paragraph that Michael Bloomberg is _. A.a director of a soda company B.a judge of the New York City C.an advocate of big fizzy-drink bottles D.an enthusiast of banning junk food and drinks（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Michelle Obamas Lets Move! campaign aims at _. A.fighting against the problem of
21、 obesity B.solving the problem of high divorce rate C.handling the problem of children obesity D.addressing the problem of racial discrimination（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).We learn from Paragraph 3 that _. A.many firms have answered Mrs. Obamas call B.Partnership for a Healthier America is a political orga
22、nization C.the efforts of the food and drink companies may seem effective in the long term D.sixteen food and drink companies have cut down 1.5 trillion calories from their products（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Four federal agencies dropped their efforts because of _. A.the pressure from the public B.the pre
23、ssure from Congress C.the requirement from Obamacare D.the requirement from the Food and Drug Administration（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).We can infer from the last paragraph that _. A.in the city of Richmond there is no soda tax B.cities and states are less likely to take action C.cities and states face les
24、s challenges than Congress D.Mr. Bloomberg helps to cancel soda tax in Richmond（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BText 2/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Most people would not pay two cents for something worth one. But Americas government spent $116m last year doing just that. The money-losing purchase was money itself: the penny
25、, which has cost more than a cent to produce since 2006, due mainly to the price of zinc, the coins primary ingredient.Steel is not much better, as Canada has learned. The government there recently ditched its steel-based penny. American politicians, while loth to take lessons from their northern ne
26、ighbours, may have noticed. In an online forum on February 14th Barack Obama intimated that the penny was no longer Uchange/U he believes in.Fifty years ago a handful of pennies would buy a hamburger at McDonalds, but inflation means the coin wont even get you one French fry today. Relegated to jars
27、 and lost behind cushions, the penny is failing to perform its primary function: to facilitate commerce. Vending machines and parking meters dont accept it. Penny scourges note that fiddling with them adds some two seconds to each transaction, costing the economy many millions of dollars a year.Penn
28、y lovers and zinc-industry lobbyists counter that the coins demise would cost consumers, as merchants would round prices up to the nearest nickel. Some economists disagree, suggesting that shop keepers might in fact round down in order to avoid moving from a price of, say, $9.99 to $10. Americans an
29、yway seem willing to accept a fee for penny removal, as evidenced by the self-imposed cost of leaving them idle and the success of coin-counting machines, which take a cut when turning them into bills.Other countries have eliminated low-value coins with less-than-dire results, and indeed, so has Ame
30、rica. In 1857 it ditched the half-cent, then worth nearly as much in real terms as todays dime. This has led some to suggest killing the nickel, which costs about ten cents to make, as well as the penny.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying “most people would not pay two cents for something worth one“, the author
31、 intends to _. A.interpret the meaning of this sentence B.explain American governments unreasonable act C.show the increase of price of zinc, the coins main ingredient D.introduce the topic of money-losing purchase of penny-making（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “change“ (Para. 2) means _ in the text.
32、A.alter B.coin C.note D.differ（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The pennys primary function is _. A.to boost economy B.to prevent inflation C.to improve currency exchange D.to buy a hamburger at McDonalds（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Penny lovers and zinc-industry lobbyists oppose that _. A.customers can not bargain any
33、more B.merchants would round the prices down C.coins disappearance would cost consumers D.coins demise would cost shopkeepers a lot（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which one of the following coins has NOT or may NOT be cancelled? A.half-cent B.nickel C.penny D.dime（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BText 3/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The
34、 question facing Swiss voters on March 3rd was called the “peoples initiative against fat-cat pay“. With a billing like that, who wouldnt vote yes? As it happened, 68% of the electorate did, passing a measure that requires listed companies to offer shareholders a binding vote on senior managers pay
35、and appointments at each annual general meeting. The penalty for bosses who fail to comply is up to three years in jail or the forfeit of up to six years salary. Switzerlands penchant for direct democracy has trumped its tolerance for tycoons.Swiss business is shaken. It had backed a “counter-initia
36、tive“ giving shareholders more voting powers without threatening criminal sanction. That was rejected by voters. The new law, which will be written into the constitution, endangers Switzerland as an investment destination, the business lobby claims. Economiesuisse, the Swiss Business Federation, now
37、 accepts the popular verdict but warns that such complex and highly charged changes must be implemented carefully. The laws needed to put the vote into practice will take ten years to write, some cynics suggest.The initiative is the brainchild of Thomas Minder, who runs his familys toiletries busine
38、ss. He has apparently never forgiven Swissair for backing out of a contract when it nearly went bankrupt 12 years ago and then awarding its former boss a big pay-off. Mr. Minders campaign gained momentum last month on news that Novartis, a Swiss drug firm, intended to pay its departing chairman, Dan
39、iel Vasella, a severance package of SFr 72m ($76m). Mr. Vasella later refused the package.After Mr. Minders victory it will become harder to extend such corporate generosity. Some of the new restrictions seem sensible. Shareholder votes on executive pay, hitherto ad hoe and advisory, will become rou
40、tine and binding. Pension funds will be required to vote in the interests of their members and make their votes public. Board members will not be permitted to have consulting or other contracts with firms in the same group.But other provisions are more burdensome. The law will ban incentives that ca
41、n be useful, such as “golden hellos“ and severance packages for board members. It will also bar them from accepting rewards for buying or selling company divisions.（分数：10.00）(1).The “fat-cat pay“ (Para. 1) refers to _. A.the payment for a fat cat B.senior executives salaries C.shareholders high sala
42、ries D.governors invisible incomes（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What can be implied from the second paragraph? A.Swiss has accepted the public accusation. B.Swiss has given voters more voting powers. C.It will take a decade to write a law in Swiss. D.Switzerland used to be an investment destination.（分数：2.00）
43、A.B.C.D.(3).According to Paragraph 3, Thomas Minder _. A.has never forgiven Novartis B.runs his familys toilet business C.runs a company which nearly went out of business before D.helps Daniel Vasella gain a severance package which he accepts（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Pension funds will be required to _.
44、A.vote in the publics interests B.restrict the pay of executives C.vote in the interests of their members D.make the votes become routine and binding（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the followings is NOT banned by the law? A.pension funds B.“golden hellos“ C.severance packages D.rewards from buying or
45、selling company divisions（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、BText 4/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Two years ago Japan was struck by a strong earthquake that triggered a disastrous tsunami. Now comes a sobering account of the human and environmental toll. Gretel Ehrlich, an American writer, flew to the north-east coast of the is
46、land of Honshu three months after the quake. A student of Japanese poetry and Buddhist philosophy, she was drawn to “meet those who faced the wave and survived“. Readers of her book can witness the devastation through keen eyes.This stretch of coastline was described by a 17th-century poet, Basho, a
47、s the most beautiful spot in Japan. In June 2011 it was “a plain of chaos, a monstrous picture that no eye, no painting could truly capture“. Roving the 1,300 kilometres (800 miles) of shattered coast, Ms. Ehrlich seeks out survivors and relays their stories. Pervasive are reports on the radiation spewing from the damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, reflections on human suffering and resilience, and a series of dreadful facts.More than 28,700 p
