1、考研英语-152 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Drug use is rising dramatically among the nation s youth after a decade of decline. From 1993 to 1994, m
2、arijuana use among young peopleU (1) /Ufrom 12 to 17 jumped 50 percent. One in five high school seniorsU (2) /Umarijuana daily. Monitoring the Future, whichU (3) /Ustudent drug use annually, reports that negative attitudes about drugs have declined for the fourth year in a row.U (4) /Uyoung people s
3、ee great risk in using drugs. Mood-altering pharmaceutical drugs areU (5) /Unew popularity among young people. Ritalin,U (6) /Uas a diet pill in the 1970s and now used toU (7) /Uhyperactive children, has become aU (8) /Udrug on college campuses. A central nervous systemU (9) /U, Ritalin can cause st
4、rokes, hypertension, and seizures. Rohypnol, produced in Europe as aU (10) /Utranquilizer, lowers inhibitions and suppresses short-term memory, which has led to some women being raped by men they are going out with.U (11) /U taken with alcohol, its effects are greatlyU (12) /U. Rock singer Kurt Coba
5、in collapsed from anU (13) /Uof Rohypnol and champagne a month before he committedU (14) /Uin 1994. In Florida and Texas, Rohypnol has become widely abused among teens, who see the drug as a less expensiveU (15) /Ufor marijuana and LSD. Alcohol and tobacco use is increasing among teenagers, U(16) /U
6、younger adolescents. Each year, more than one million teens become regular smokers,U (17) /Uthey cannot legally purchase tobacco. By 12th grade, one in three students smokes. In 1995, one in five 14-year-olds reported smoking regularly, a 33 percent jumpU (18) /U1991. Drinking among 14-year-olds cli
7、mbed 50 percent from 1992 to 1994,and all teens reported substantial increases inU (19) /Udrinking. In 1995, one in five 10th graders reported having been drunk in the past 30 days. Two-thirds of high school seniors say they know aU (20) /Uwith a drinking problem.（分数：10.00）A.agedB.agingC.ageD.agesA.
8、tastesB.smokesC.injectsD.takesA.studiesB.researchesC.surveysD.examinesA.MoreB.ManyC.FewerD.FewA.retainingB.attainingC.maintainingD.gainingA.describedB.prescribedC.inscribedD.instructedA.treatB.cureC.diagnoseD.testA.amusingB.relaxingC.recreationalD.pleasantA.stimulusB.stimulantC.excitementD.encourage
9、mentA.validB.formalC.popularD.legalA.WhenB.AsC.thoughD.whileA.enlargedB.confirmedC.exaggeratedD.magnifiedA.overtakeB.overdoseC.abuseD.overuseA.murderB.crimeC.suicideD.killingA.substituteB.replacementC.exchangeD.interchangeA.speciallyB.particularlyC.mostlyD.actuallyA.even thoughB.as ifC.as long asD.a
10、s soon asA.inB.toC.sinceD.forA.seriousB.severeC.graveD.heavyA.studentB.manC.youthD.peer二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections: /BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. BText 1/BIt may not have g
11、enerated much interest outside energy and investment circles, but a recent comment by Tidewater, Inc. president Dean Taylor sent earthquakes through the New Orleans business community. In June, Taylor told the Houston Chronicle that the international marine services companythe worlds largest operato
12、r of ships serving the offshore oil industrywas seriously considering moving its headquarters, along with scores of administrative jobs, from the Crescent City to Houston, “We have a lot of sympathy for the city, “ Taylor said. “But our shareholders dont pay us to have sympathy. They pay us to have
13、resuits for them.“It was the last thing the hurricane-scarred city needed to hear. Tidewater was founded here a little more than 50 years ago, and kept its main office in New Orleans throughout the oil bust of the-1980s and the following decades of industry consolidation, when dozens of energy firms
14、 all but abandoned New Orleans for greener pastures on the Texas coast. In the nearly two years since Hurricane Katrina ravaged the city, the pace of exodus has accelerated, complicating New Orleans halting recovery; according to the local business weekly CityBusiness, the metropolitan area has lost
15、 12 of the 23 publicly traded companies headquartered here, taking white-collar jobs, Corporate community support and sorely needed taxpayers with themand threatening to leave the city even more dependent on a tourismbased economy than it was before the storm.Making matters worse, some observers say
16、, is the city leaderships apparent indifference to the bloodletting. Just weeks after Hurricane Katrina in August 2005, Mayor Ray Nagin, then in the very early stages of a heated reelection bid, dismissed warnings that many companies, like displaced residents, might opt to relocate. Nagin said he ho
17、ped they would stay. “But if they dont,“ he said with typical glibness, “Ill send them a postcard. “The comment might have been written off as one of Nagins many verbal missteps. But in the months that followed, the warnings turned out in many cases to be true, even as the citys rebuilding effort la
18、nguished, infrastructure repairs limped along, the state reimbursement program for damaged homes faltered and the New Orleans infamous crime rate made a sickening comeback.New Orleans “wasnt considered a great city for doing business before the storm. People were always dribbling out,“ says Peter Ri
19、cchiuti, a professor of economics at Tulane University. While many of the companies that made it through the storm could stand to benefit from the citys recovery, he says, Katrina may have hastened the loss of high-paying energy jobs. “Were losing the white-collar jobs and keeping the blue-collar jo
20、bs,“ he says. “Were becoming much more of a blue-collar oil industry.“One of the latest examples is Chevron Corp. , which is building new offices in the northern suburbs, 40 miles north of the city across Lake Pontchartraln, and plans to transfer 550 employees from New Orleans to Covington by the en
21、d of the year. That would take well-paid people out of downtown New Orleans, a move that will impact the central business districts economy. “We made the decision in May, 2006, when our employees were making important housing decisions,“ says Qi Wilson, a Chevron spokesperson. The company; like many
22、 employees, decided the north shore offered better security should another hurricane strike, along with fewer of the post-Katrina headaches that still plague the city. The move “will make it easier to retain the talent we have, and to attract new talent,“ Wilson says.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred
23、 from the first paragraph that.（分数：2.00）A.Dean Taylor is also famous outside energy and investment circles.B.shareholders are not paid to have sympathy.C.many companies are planning to move their offices into New Orleans.D.shareholders are more concerned with performance.(2).The word “exodus“ (line
24、5, paragraph 2 ) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.emigration.B.exit.C.hurricane.D.reconstruction.(3).Mayor Ray Nagin is quoted in the 3rd paragraph to（分数：2.00）A.stress the consequences of careless talking by politicians.B.show the local governments indifference to the exodus.C.illustrate the citys effo
25、rts in rebuilding their infrastructure.D.criticize his strange hobby of sending postcards to companies.(4).According to Peter Ricchiuti, New Orleans（分数：2.00）A.is often struck by hurricanes such as Katrina.B.no longer paid white collars as much as before.C.failed to recover from the storm as planned,
26、D.will lose more while-collar jobs in oil industry after the storm.(5).According to Wilson, Chevron intends to transfer its employees chiefly to（分数：2.00）A.find a safer place for both business and living.B.protect the company from other possible storms.C.maintain the number of their employees.D.downt
27、own New Orleans is no longer a business center.BText 2/BSleep is a funny thing. We re taught that we should get seven or eight hours a night, but a lot of us get by just fine on less, and some of us actually sleep too much. A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who
28、 routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of strokeprobably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly.Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents are famously sleep deprived. When I was trai
29、ning to become a doctor, it was not unusual to work 40 hours in a row without rest. Most of us took it in stride, confident we could still deliver the highest quality of medical care.Maybe we shouldnt have been so sure of ourselves. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association point
30、s out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness, a person s motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is legally intoxicated. Curiously, surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often dont think twice about operating without enough sleep
31、.“I could tell you horror stories, says Jaya Agrawal, president of the American Medical Student Association, which runs a website where residents can post anonymous anecdotes. Some are terrifying. “I was operating after being up for over 36 hours,“ one writes. “I literally fell asleep standing up an
32、d nearly face planted into the wound.“Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work, “writes another. “I know of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a convenience store on the roadside, going 1051an/h.“Your own patients have become the enemy
33、,“ writes a third,“ because they are the one thing that stands between you and a few hours of sleep.“Agrawal s organization is supporting the Patient and Physician Safety and Protection Act of 2001, introduced last November by Representative John Conyers Jr. of Michigan. Its key provisions, modeled
34、on New York State s regulations, include an 80-hour workweek and a 24hour work-shift limit.Most doctors, however, resist such interference. Dr. Charles Binkley, a senior surgery resident at the University of Michigan, agrees that something needs to be done but believes“ doctors should be bound by th
35、eir conscience, not by the government.“The U. S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is in place for doctors, patients are on their own. If youre worried about the people treating you, you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had. Doctors, for
36、 their part, have to give up their pose of infallibility and get the rest they need.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.In a recent scientific research, the scientists points out that someone who sleeps beyond the limit will probably not be in good healt
37、h.B.In the United States, the doctors usually do not take their sleep problems seriously.C.Most doctors agree that the problems should be solved only by way of some compulsory means.D.The U. S. government has already restricted the doctors working hours.(2).In the last paragraph ,the expression“, pa
38、tients are on their own“ most probably means（分数：2.00）A.patients are alone when they are in hospital.B.patients will try their luck on their doctors health.C.patients will have some problems related to them, rather than other people.D.patients will make their decisions for themselves.(3).On Jaya Agra
39、wal s website, what are the common responses to the doctors sleep problems?（分数：2.00）A.Most people insisted that the problems have nothing to do with the interests of the majority of people.B.People who posted their opinions on the website thought the results of the problems would be too horribly to
40、think.C.The internet-surfers believed that the government should regulate some laws to limit the doctors working hours.D.People advocated that the problems could merely be solved by the doctors conscience.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that（分数：2.00）A.the U. S. legislators are alarmed about
41、sleep-deprived doctors.B.the doctors should sleep much more than the ordinary people,C.the U. S. government as well as many ordinary people never pays enough attention to the problems.D.at the very beginning, the doctors insist that their sleep problems will lead to serious consequences.(5).Who is w
42、ell aware of the consequences of the doctors sleep problem and runs a website to raise the common peoples awareness?（分数：2.00）A.The University of Buffalo.B.Jays AgrawaLC.Dr. Charles Binkley.D.John Conyers Jr.BText 3/BSome oil companies plan to get rid of some of the pollution they produce by pumping
43、it into rocks deep inside the Earth, where they say it will stay for thousands of years. Other people, though, aren t so sure this is advisable; environmental groups say that putting this pollution back into the Earth is a had idea.When oil burns, It doesn t just produce heat: it also produces carbo
44、n dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a natural part of the air, but because people bum so much oil, there s too much carbon dioxide in the air. This extra carbon dioxide is pollution; some scientific studies show that carbon dioxide is one of the“ greenhouse gases“ that is causing the Earths temperature to
45、rise.Environmentalists say that the oil companies plans may not work. The oil companies say they are making sure that the gas will never escape, but environmentalists wonder how the oil companies can be so sure that the gas won t seep into the air. They also point out that there s no way to check to
46、 make sure the gas isnt leaking. In addition, the environmentalists point out that the pumping costs moneyfor research and for equipment-that the oil companies should be spending on preventing pollution, rather than on just moving it someplace else.Another problem ,say some people who are concerned
47、about the Earth, is that if the oil companies find a cheap way to get rid of their pollution, they won t look for new kinds of energy. These environmentalists say that energy companies should be researching ways to use hydrogen, wind power, and solar power instead of finding better ways to use oil.
48、They argue that continuing to use oil means that we will still need to buy oil from other countries instead of producing our own cheap, clean energy.Environmentalists also say that burying pollution just pushes the problem into the future, rather than really solving it. They say that if the oil comp
49、anies pump carbon dioxide into the rocks inside the Earth, it will be there for thousands of years, and that no one knows if this planeven if it works-might turn into a pollution problem for all of us in the future.The oil companies insist that their plan is safe, and that putting the gas inside the Earth is a reasonable wa
