1、考研英语-415 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Everybody dances. If you have (1) swerved to avoid stepping on a crack in the sidewalk, you have danced. If you have ever kneeled to pray, you have danced. For these actions have figured importantly (2) the history of dance. Dan
2、ce goes (3) to the beginnings of civilization (4) the tribewhere natives danced to get (5) they wanted. Primitive dance was (6) all practical, not the social dancing we know today. Natives approached dance with (7) seriousness as a way to help the tribe in the crucial process (8) survival. Dance was
3、 believed to be the (9) direct way to repel locusts, to (10) rain to fall, to insure that a male heir would be born, and (11) guarantee victory in a forthcoming battle.Primitive (12) was generally done by many people moving in the same manner and direction. (13) all dances had leaders, solo dances (
4、14) rare. Much use was made of (15) part of the body. And so (16) were these tribal dances that, if a native (17) miss a single step, he would be put to death (18) the spot. Fortunately, the same rigid (19) that governed the lives of these people do not apply in the (20) relaxed settings of todays d
5、iscotheques.（分数：10.00）A.everB.neverC.beforeD.afterA.aboutB.forC.inD.aroundA.forwardB.backC.upD.downA.atB.forC.ofD.toA.whenB.whyC.whichD.whatA.aboutB.aboveC.underD.overA.littleB.greatC.lessD.leastA.toB.overC.ofD.atA.mostB.leastC.firstD.lastA.causeB.happenC.tryD.makeA.forB.ofC.toD.atA.foodB.danceC.spe
6、llsD.harvestA.SinceB.DespiteC.ThusD.AlthoughA.areB.wasC.wereD.isA.onlyB.everyC.someD.allA.comicB.boringC.solemnD.tiringA.wouldB.shouldC.mightD.couldA.inB.atC.onD.aroundA.sticksB.messagesC.reviewsD.rulesA.lessB.moreC.leastD.most二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，
7、分数：10.00)The pollution of Hong Kongs beaches by oil from a damaged tanker last year recalls a similar incident which took place in Britain in 1967 when the Torrey Canyon, a huge oil tanker, split in two and caused disaster in coastal areas. Shoals of fishes were killed, sea birds hopelessly fouled w
8、ith oil and coastal holiday resorts put out of business for several weeks. As a result of this particular incident scientists are becoming restless at the thought of Britains inability to cope with national disasters on a large scale. The reason for their concern is that technology is rapidly outstr
9、ipping(超越) mans ability to control it.Oil tankers, for instance, have been allowed to get bigger and bigger without sufficient thought being given to emergency braking and manoeuvring arrangement. Collisions at sea continue, but little effect has been made to develop safety devices as effective as t
10、hose used for aircraft.Scientists were outspoken in expressing their concern during a recent meeting of the British Association. Unanimous approval was voiced when the leading speaker urged that a permanent national rescue services should be established, equipped for any emergency and ready to move
11、off immediately.Of all the possible disasters mentioned, the one promoting most discussion was a major release of radioactivity from a nuclear power station. One does not need a particularly vivid imagination to visualize the other possibilities discussed. What would be the effect of a jumbo-jet cra
12、shing on a large chemical plant handling destroying liquids? Could the tapping of natural gas lead to any form of collapse? Suppose a lorry full of a highly poisonous chemical crashed unseen into a large reservoir? Dams can burst, abnormal conditions can lead to massive electrical blackouts.An inten
13、sive study of such possibilities could at least reduce the effects of future disasters. For example, it would mean that a number of technical alternatives (such as the choice between detergent or chalk for dispersing oil) could be examined and tested in advance so that specially trained expert would
14、 know exactly what action was needed in a given emergency.（分数：10.00）(1).The main idea of the second paragraph is that _.（分数：2.00）A.safety precautions in aircraft are not as effective as those used on shipsB.modern oil tankers can stop or turn easily in spite of their sizeC.there are now fewer collis
15、ions at sea because of modern safety devicesD.oil tankers are so big that special devices are needed(2).In the fourth paragraph the writer states that _.（分数：2.00）A.on one occasion radioactivity escaped from a nuclear power stationB.an areoplane carrying destroying liquids might crash into chemical p
16、lantC.a lorry once crashed into a reservoirD.a terrible accident could happen in a nuclear power station(3).The main idea of the final paragraph is that _.（分数：2.00）A.in an emergency all the technical alternations should be studiedB.expert should be specially trained to determine the exact difference
17、 between detergent and chalkC.we ought to decide what measures to take before a disaster occursD.technical experts should be examined and tested to see whether they are capable of selecting the right course of action in a future emergency(4).Of the following suggested titles the one most accurately
18、sums up the passage is _.（分数：2.00）A.The Dangers of Modern TechnologyB.The Problem of Oil PollutionC.Some Interesting AccidentsD.A Meeting of the British Association(5).What is the authors attitude toward the rapid development of technology?（分数：2.00）A.Tolerant.B.Enthusiastic.C.Hateful.D.Cautious.五、Te
19、xt 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The function of the office is to perform administrative work. First, it must provide the necessary communications with customers, banks, government departments, and other outside organizations. Second, it must service the information requirements within the company itself. In ord
20、er to meet these needs efficiently, the Office Manager must employ the most appropriate business methods, systems and equipment.In an efficient administrative structure, clerical operations are organized so that they add to the profitability of the business. However, in many countries the number of
21、clerical staff has increased while the total number of workers employed in production has fallen. In Britain, for example, the total workforce in the years 1919-1976 went up by 25%, while the number of people who were employed in clerical work increased by 150%. For a country such as Britain, which
22、depends on a manufacturing base, that can mean inefficiency.To ensure that office services run smoothly, there must be the means to check, sort, copy and file correspondence and other paperwork. Today there is a growing range of machines that can be used to do such jobs. The size and resources of a
23、company will determine how mechanized or computerized its office systems are.The office must give maximum service at minimum cost. A balance must be kept between production, marketing, and administration. As a company develops and grows, the contribution of administration will vary in kind and in va
24、lue.The most important objective in modern offices is the processing of data in order to provide a means of business control, but in many companies there are weaknesses in the ability to manage communications efficiently. For example, some data are often used only by individual managers, and differe
25、nt departments in the same company may use different data processing systems. In order to contribute to business efficiency, however, data processing must be a centralized service, The system which is required is one that looks at the total needs of a business and therefore assists management in mak
26、ing appropriate decisions quickly.（分数：10.00）(1).The office manager has to use the most suitable business system in order to _.（分数：2.00）A.ensure that office services run economicallyB.check and copy business correspondenceC.service the information requirements of the companyD.provide means of busines
27、s negotiation(2).According to the passage, the function of the office manager is to _.（分数：2.00）A.provide the necessary information for the local authorityB.keep a balance between production, marketing and administrationC.assist management in making appropriate decisions quicklyD.make sure that admin
28、istrative work is performed efficiently(3).In what way are some companies inefficient in managing communications?（分数：2.00）A.By not making data available to all managers.B.By using the same data processing systems.C.By checking business correspondence.D.By depending on a manufacturing base.(4).The de
29、gree of computerization in a companys office is limited by _.（分数：2.00）A.the business methods and systemsB.the correspondence and other paperworkC.the data and data processing systemsD.the size and resources of a company(5).Which of the following can contribute to business efficiency?（分数：2.00）A.Data
30、processing must be a centralized service.B.The company develops and grows.C.The managers of different department know each other well.D.More machines should be used.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When they advise your kids to “get an education“ if you want to raise your income, they tell you only half the
31、truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not too much that prove an embarrassment to your society.Get high school diploma, at least. Without that, you are occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas A
32、lva Edison and you can successfully drop out in grade school.Get a college degree, if possible. With a B.A., you are on the launching pad(发射台). But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a masters degree, make sure it is a M. B. A., and only from a first-rate university. Beyond th
33、is, the famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect.Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more a year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was 24000, while the full professors managed to average just 23930.A Ph. D. is the highest de
34、gree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are more Ph. D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world by f
35、ar.If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or language orworst of allin philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.Thousands of Ph. D. s are selling shoes, dr
36、iving cabs, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless applications month after month. And then maybe taking a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor(看门人)earns.You can equate the level of income with the level of eduction only so far. Far enough, that is,
37、to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who _.（分数：2.00）A.will not be a shame to the societyB.will become loyal citizensC.can take c
38、are of themselvesD.can meet the demands as a source of manpower(2).If you are as gifted as Bernard Shaw or Edison, _.（分数：2.00）A.you can get a high school diploma without difficultyB.you will be successful in a grade schoolC.you can be professionally successful without a diplomaD.the least you should
39、 do is to get a diploma(3).Ph. D. are most likely to _.（分数：2.00）A.have difficulty getting properly employedB.be employed in the fields of commerce or industryC.have to fill out application forms month after month for othersD.work in schools or colleges with low pay(4).Which of the following is NOT t
40、rue?（分数：2.00）A.Bernard Shaw didnt finish high school, nor did Edison.B.One must think carefully before going for a master degree.C.The higher your education level, the more money youll earn.D.If you are too well-educated, youll make things difficult for the society.(5).The writer is critical of _.（分
41、数：2.00）A.the educational systemB.the Ph. D. sC.the societyD.the employers七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The U. S. Bureau has estimated that the population of the United States could approach 300 million in 2000 and will be 400 million in 2020. And the U. S. Department of Commerce estimates that the average
42、 U.S. per capita income will increase from 3400 in 1969 to the equivalent of8300(assuming a 1967 price level) in the year 2000,2.5 times as much as that of 1969.According to government statistics, in the United States, there are over 110 million cars and “more people“ means “more cars“. By the end o
43、f twenties of next century, the population of the United States will have doubled that of today and the number of automobiles will be doubled as well. And in twenty-years time the per capita income will also be 2.5 times higher than it is. If this increase income is spent on more and larger automobi
44、les, larger houses, and increased consumption of other material goods, the results could cause catastrophic resource exhaustion, and pollution. Take the increase of the consumption of oil for instance. The consumption is so huge that the reserves might last only a decade or two if not supplemented b
45、y imports.Ten years ago it appeared that nuclear power would solve the anticipated energy crisis. Although supplies of uranium fuel were known to be limited and might become exhausted in half a century, the nuclear power plant has for a long time been a favorite project. But work on it has met with
46、grave problems. The fear of possible atomic explosion and the problem of disposing of polluting by-product waste have slowed down the construction of further nuclear plants. Eventually atomic technology may be able to control these problems, but at present there seems to be little agreement among at
47、omic scientists about when this can be achieved.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the trend is true?（分数：2.00）A.The population will increase, but the income will decrease.B.The population will decrease, but the income will increase.C.Both will increase.D.Both will decrease.(2).According to the passage, what is
48、the population of the time when the passage is written?（分数：2.00）A.200 million.B.300 million.C.400 million.D.500 million.(3).The central concern of the writer is _.（分数：2.00）A.the increase of carsB.the increase of populationC.the expansion of nuclear powerD.the possible environmental pollution(4).The
49、nuclear energy _.（分数：2.00）A.will solve the anticipated energy crisisB.is still a favorite projectC.has developed quickly without meeting any difficultiesD.will be safely produced and used in the near future(5).The overall tone of the passage is _.（分数：2.00）A.aggressiveB.neutralC.negativeD.positive八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)41)_. But traffic experts say building more roads is a quick-fix solution that will not alleviate the traffic problem in the long run. Soaring land costs, increasing concern ove
