1、考研英语-743 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There is growing interest m East Japan Railway Co. , one of the six companies, created out of the (1) national railway system. In an industry lacking exciting growth (2) , its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train s
2、tations (3) is drawing interest.In a plan dubbed “Station Renaissance“ that it (4) in November, JR East said that it would (5) . using its commercial spaces for shops and restaurants, extending them to (6) more suitable for the information age. It wants train stations as pick-up (7) for such goods a
3、s books, flowers and groceries purchased (8) the Internet. In a country (9) urbanites depend heavily on trains (10) commuting, about 16 million people a day go to its train stations anyway, the company (11) . So, picking up purchases at train stations spare (12) extra travel and missed home deliveri
4、es.JR East already has been using its station (13) stores for this purpose, but it plans to create (14) spaces for the delivery of Internet goods.The company also plans to introduce (15) cardsknown in Japan as IC cards because they use integrated (16) for hold information (17) train tickets and comm
5、uter passes (18) the magnetic ones used today, integrating them into a single pass. This will save the company money, because (19) for IC cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems. Increased use of IC cards should also (20) the space needed for ticket vending.（分数：10.00）A.privatizedB.person
6、alizedC.individualizedD.characterizedA.prospectsB.outlooksC.expectationsD.spectaclesA.articulatelyB.originallyC.reluctantlyD.creativelyA.unveiledB.concealedC.demonstratedD.displayedA.come roundB.go beyondC.take overD.set outA.endeavoursB.enterprisesC.functionsD.performancesA.locationsB.entrancesC.vi
7、cinitiesD.districtsA.fromB.aboveC.overD.inA.whenB.whereC.whichD.thatA.ofB.inC.aboutD.forA.figuresB.speculatesC.exhibitsD.convincesA.clientsB.consumersC.merchantsD.businessesA.conjunctionB.ornamentC.expenditureD.convenienceA.dedicatedB.devotedC.designatedD.destinedA.cleverB.intelligentC.ingeniousD.sm
8、artA.chorusB.circusC.circumferenceD.circuitA.asB.forC.withD.ofA.A as well asB.instead ofC.more thanD.but forA.devicesB.instrumentsC.readersD.examinersA.shrinkB.narrowC.descendD.reduce二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There is no question that some “gre
9、enwashing“ is going on in the corporate world. Bayernwerk, a Bavarian utility, began selling “Aqua Power“ last year when Germany began to let customers choose their electricity supplier. Bayernwerk markets Aqua Power as 100% green, renewable, hydroelectric energy. But any customer who signs up gets
10、power from the same mix of sources as before: hydro, gas, coal and nuclear. Nothing changes except some accounting, and there is no net benefit to the environment. There is a benefit, though, to Bayernwerk, which charges more for Aqua Power and has been swamped with orders for it.Greenwashing takes
11、many forms. “Companies often advertise themselves as environmentally friendly even though they might have some pretty hideous environmental records,“ says Jill Johnson of the group Earth Day 2000. Californias PGk2,V-,) survivors have received payments from the Germans. In addition, not all blacks we
12、re slaves, and an estimated 3,000 were slave owners.Also, many immigrants not only came to the United States after slavery ended, but they also faced discrimination. Should they pay reparations, too? Or should they receive them?And regardless of how much slave labor contributed to the United States
13、wealth, opponents contend, blacks benefit from that wealth today. As a group, African-Americans are the best educated, wealthiest blacks on the planet.But that attitude is slowly changing. At least 10 cities, including Chicago, Detroit and Washington, have passed resolutions in the past two years ur
14、ging federal hearings into the impact of slavery. Mainstream civil rights groups such as National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the National Urban League and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference regularly raise the issue.The surging interest in reparations parallels a he
15、ightened sensitivity to the horrors of slavery, in which as many as 6 million Africans perished in the journey to the Americas alone. There also is growing attention being paid to the huge economic bounty that slavery created for private companies and the country as a whole.Earlier this year, Aetna
16、Inc. apologized for selling insurance policies that compensated slave owners for financial losses when their slaves died. Last summer, the Hartford Courant in Connecticut printed a front-page apology for the profits it made from running ads for the sale of slaves and the capture of runaways. Next mo
17、nth, a new California law will require insurance companies to disclose any slave insurance policies they may have issued. The state also is requiring University of California officials to assemble a team of scholars to research the history of slavery and report how current California businesses bene
18、fited.Proponents of reparations argue that, even for nearly a century after emancipation in 1865, blacks legally were still excluded from the opportunities that became the cornerstones for the white middle-class.（分数：10.00）(1).The reasons put forward by opponents of reparations include all the follow
19、ing EXCEPT that _.（分数：2.00）A.compensations usually go to direct victimsB.blacks who came after slavery ended should not receive compensationsC.blacks now are enjoying the wealth they created under slaveryD.some blacks were slave owners instead of slaves(2).“Immigrants“ in Paragraph 3 refers to _.（分数
20、2.00）A.African-AmericansB.non-white immigrantsC.Japanese-AmericansD.Holocaust survivors(3).That the reparations movement is winning support in America is shown in the fact that _.（分数：2.00）A.federal hearings were held to investigate the impact of slaveryB.even mainstream civil rights groups were per
21、suadedC.growing attention is being paid to the wealth of the blacksD.there were more public awareness of the horrors of the whites(4).The two private companies that made public apology had _.（分数：2.00）A.given slave owners financial lossesB.sold slaves and captured runawaysC.operated insurance and adv
22、ertisement businessesD.depended on slavery for their existence(5).Which of the following is true according the passage?（分数：2.00）A.S. government killed Japanese-Americans during World War II.B.A new Californian law disclosed slave-insurance policies.C.National Urban League is one of the civil right g
23、roups.D.Blacks faced no discrimination after liberation in 1865.八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41- 45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, whi
24、ch do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)You dont have to convince Steve Backley of the power of the mind over the body. When the British javelin thrower, who won bronze in Barcelona in 1992 and silver in Atlanta in 1996, was unable to walk (let alone train )
25、 after spraining his ankle a few years ago, he worked out in a “mental gym“. Sitting in a chair, he imagined himself throwing the javelin in every one of the worlds major track-and-field stadiums, until he had racked up about a thousand hurls.41._Whether it is golfer Earl Woods teaching his son Tige
26、r to form a mental image of the balls rolling into the hole, or Olympic weight-lifter Tara Notts training her brain to block out distractions, a strong mental game has always been part of elite sports. Michael Jordan, Nancy Kerrigan and Jack Nicklaus all practiced their moves mentally; Jean-Claude K
27、illy used to ski a slalom course in his head many times before exploding out of the starting gate. “Everybody is pretty much at the same level physically,“ says American diver Michelle Davison, “ The difference comes down to who can hold it together mentally. “42. _While coaches and trainers have lo
28、ng emphasized the importance of the mental game, exactly how the mind affects the bodys performance has always been a bit of a mystery, with buzzwords like “in the zone“ and “mental imagery“ carrying a vague whiff of quackery.43. _“Mental practice can actually increase real-world strength and perfor
29、mance,“ says neuroscientist Ian Robertson of Trinity College Dublin, who describes the power of mental workouts in his engaging new book, Mind Sculpture. “Pumping virtual iron physically changes the brainand the brain, after all, controls the body. “44. _Imagine, in your minds eye, a harp in all its
30、 graceful detail; the same region of your visual cortex just turned on as if you actually looked at the instrument. But what matters to athletes is that, just as visual imagery activates the brains visual cortex, so imagining movement activates the motor cortex, notes Harvard Universitys Stephen Kos
31、slyn, who has done pioneering research on imagery.Imagine tensing and relaxing the muscles of your right index finger, but without actually moving. Were you to do this for several minutes every day for four weeks, at the end of the period the strength of that finger would increase by 20% or so, as r
32、esearchers found in 1992 when they had volunteers follow this mental regimen. Nothing changed in the finger muscles themselves as a result of the imagery.45. _Thats probably why imaging is such a powerful, and popular, mental workout for athletes. A The reason is that visualization activates many of
33、 the same neural circuits that actually seeing does. B The same process likely occurred in Backleys brain as he mentally hurled the javelin. “Through mental practice, he kept stimulating the networks of connected neurons where his skill was embroidered,“ Robertson writes. C He returned to competitio
34、n a few weeks later making his top distances; usually, losing weeks of throwing practice will set you back inchesand in sports of course, inches might as well be miles. D Instead connections between nerves and the muscles they control, in a circuit starting in the motor cortex of the brain, got stro
35、nger. “The improvements in strength were caused by changes in the brain,“ says Robertson. E But just as physicians are showing that something as inchoate as a positive outlook can affect something as real as the progress of breast cancer, so scientists are uncovering how mental imagery and other tri
36、cks of the athletes trade affect the real, physical brain and hence the body. F That lesson has not been lost on the U. S. Olympic Committee. It had one full-time sports psychologist in 1988. Today it has five. G A 1995 study in Boston compared the brain regions of people who physically practiced a
37、five- finger piano exercise with people who mentally practiced it. In both groups the area of the brain devoted to moving the fingers got bigger and accuracy improved.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Part C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate
38、the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Most people would agree that, although our age far surpasses all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no correlative increase in wisdom. But argument ceases as soon as we attempt to define “wisd
39、om“ and consider means of promoting it.There are, I think, several factors that contribute to wisdom. (46) Of these I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight. This has become more difficult th
40、an it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the specialized knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. To take a spectacular example, which is in everybodys mind at the present time: You study the composition of the atom from a disinterested desire for knowledge, and incidentally
41、 place in the hands of powerful lunatics the means of destroying the human race. (47) In such ways the pursuit of knowledge may become harmful unless it is combined with wisdom ; and wisdom in the sense of comprehensive vision is not necessarily present in specialists in the pursuit of knowledge.It
42、is not only in public ways, but in private life equally, that wisdom is needed. It is needed in the choice of ends to be pursued and in liberation of personal prejudice. (48) Even an end which it would be noble to pursue if it were attainable may be pursued unwisely if it is inherently impossible of
43、 achievement. Many men in the past ages have devoted their lives to a search for the philosophers stone and the elixir of life. (49) No doubt, if they could have found them, they would have conferred great benefits upon mankind, but as it was their lives were wasted.To descend to less heroic matters
44、 consider the case of two men, Mr. A and Mr. B, who hate each other and, through mutual hatred, bring each other to destruction. (50) If, with sufficient patience and sufficient persuasiveness, you have succeeded in convincing each that the other has only the normal share of human wickedness and th
45、at their hatred is harmful to both, then you will have injected some fragment of wisdom.（分数：10.00）_十、Section Writing(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十一、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)1.Directions :You have a few questions to ask your professor, but he is not in his office. Leave a note to:1) introduce yourself2) explain the p
46、urpose of your visit3) arrange another time to see himYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the note. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address.（分数：10.00）_十二、Part B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.Directions:Write an essay of 160 - 200 words b
47、ased on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （分数：20.00）_考研英语-743 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There is growing interest m East Japan Railway Co. , one of the six companies, created out of the (1) national rail
