1、考研英语-试卷 178 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_As human children are unusually dependent far an unusually long time, it“s obvious th
2、at every society must provide a domestic context in which the children are brought up and educated. In present-day English, the word “family“ has two meanings: firstly, the (1)_ group of parents and children; and secondly, a (2)_ of relations who might be expected to (3)_ at a wedding or a (4)_. At
3、the first level, my brothers and sisters and myself are all in the same (5)_ as children, but in different ones as parents; but at the second (6)_, we“re all in the same family from start to finish. As nuclear families become more (7)_, families of relations become more dispersed (分散). The young mot
4、her can still talk to her Mum on the phone, but she can“t ask her to (8)_ for a few minutes to watch the baby. Ideas about the (9)_ of women have been changing: wives are thought to be the (10)_ of their husbands rather than their (11)_. But perhaps they“re more (12)_ enslaved to their children than
5、 before. The point is that there doesn“t seem to be any (13)_. There is a genuine (14)_ between the right of the woman to be treated as a free and self-respected (15)_, and the right of the child to demand care and (16)_ We have created for ourselves three (17)_: social equality of men and women; (1
6、8)_ of the marriage; and lifelong love and (19)_ between parents and children. However, we have (20)_ a social system in which it“s quite impossible for these factors to co-exist.（分数：40.00）A.permanentB.rigidC.casualD.domesticA.paradeB.networkC.collectionD.frameworkA.turn upB.turn aboutC.turn inD.tur
7、n overA.parliamentB.settingC.funeralD.troopA.conferenceB.familyC.organizationD.procedureA.trendB.unionC.accessD.levelA.adequateB.challengedC.isolatedD.excessiveA.drop inB.drop onC.drop awayD.drop offA.personalityB.statusC.alternativeD.careerA.companionsB.opponentsC.sponsorsD.reportersA.principalsB.r
8、ivalsC.slavesD.neighborsA.flexiblyB.highlyC.presentlyD.thoroughlyA.solutionB.evolutionC.fictionD.locationA.fussB.clashC.hesitationD.pauseA.residentB.volunteerC.individualD.specialistA.growthB.permissionC.responseD.attentionA.miraclesB.obstaclesC.idealsD.sensationsA.glamourB.permanenceC.managementD.r
9、eservationA.cooperationB.distinctionC.tensionD.acquisitionA.modifiedB.predictedC.selectedD.created二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._If you see a d
10、iamond ring on the fourth finger of a woman“s left hand, you probably know what it means: in America, this has long been the digit of choice for betrothal jewelry, and the lore of the trade traces the symbolism back to ancient times. But if you see a diamond ring on the fourth finger of a woman“s ri
11、ght hand, you may or may not know that it signifies an independent spirit, or even economic empowerment and changing gender mores. “A lot of women have disposable income,“ Katie Couric said recently on the “Today“ show after showing viewers her Change right-hander. “Why wait for a man to give her a
12、diamond ring?“ This notion may be traced back, approximately, to September. That“s when the Diamond Information Center began a huge marketing campaign aimed at articulating the meaning of right-hand rings-and thus a rationale for buying them. “Your left hand says “we“,“ the campaign declares. “Your
13、right hand says “me“.“ The positioning is brilliant: the wearer may be married or unmarried and may buy the ring herself or request it as a gift. And while it can take years for a new jewelry concept to work itself thoroughly into the mainstream, the tight-band ring already has momentum. At the high
14、er end of the scale, the jewelry maker Kwiat, which supplies stores like Saks, offers a line of Kwiat Spirit Rings that can retail for as much as $5,000, and “we“re selling it faster than we“re manufacturing it,“ says Bill Gould, the company“s chief of marketing. At the other end of the stale, mass-
15、oriented retailers that often take a wait-and-see attitude have already jumped on the bandwagon. Firms like Kwiat were given what Gould calls “direction“ from the Diamond information Center about the new ring“s attributes-multiple diamonds in a north-south orientation that distinguishes it from the
16、look of an engagement ring, and so on. But all this is secondary to the newly minted meaning. “The idea,“ Morrison says, “is that beyond a trend, this could become a sort of cultural imperative.“ A tall order? Well, bear in mind that “a diamond is forever“ is not a saying handed down from imperial R
17、ome. It was handed down from an earlier generation of De Beers marketers. Joyce Jonas, a jewelry appraiser and historian, notes that De Beers, in the 40“s and 50“s, took advantage of a changing American class structure to turn diamond rings into an (attainable) symbol for the masses. By now, Jonans
18、observes, the stone alone “is just a commodity“. And this, of course, is what makes its invented significance more Crucial than ever.（分数：10.00）(1).A diamond ring on the fourth finger of a woman“s left hand suggests that_.（分数：2.00）A.she is marriedB.she is engagedC.she may choose her jewelryD.she has
19、independent spirit(2).Your right hand says “me“(Para. 2) implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.the wearer may be married or unmarriedB.the wearer of the right-hand ring is independentC.the woman has the right-hand ring as a giftD.the wearer of the tight-hand ring is a self-centered woman(3).Judging from Bill Gou
20、ld“s remarks in Paragraph 3, we may infer that_.（分数：2.00）A.Kwiat has a large supply of jewelryB.Kwiat Spirit Rings are too expensiveC.Kwiat can hardly meet with the demands from the consumersD.consumers keep a wait-and-see attitude towards the jewelry(4).According to the author, “a diamond is foreve
21、r“ is_.（分数：2.00）A.a sort of cultural traditionB.a saying handed down from imperial RomeC.a false symbol for the massesD.a saying of made-up significance(5).The best title of the passage may be_.（分数：2.00）A.The Right-hand Diamond RingB.Who Wears the Right-hand Diamond Ring?C.The Right-hand Ring“s Mome
22、ntumD.A Tall Order for JewelryWhen they were children, Terri Schiavo“s brother Bobby accidentally locked her in a suitcase. She tried so hard to get out that the suitcase jumped up and down and screamed. The scene predicted, horribly, how she would end, though by that stage she had neither walked no
23、r talked for more than 15 years. By the time she finally died on March 31st, her body had become a box out of which she could not escape. More than that, it had become a box out of which the United States government, Congress, the president, the governor of Florida and an army of evangelical protest
24、ors and bloggers would not let her escape. Her life, whatever its quality, became the property not merely of her husband (who had the legal right to speak for her) and her parents (who had brought her up), but of the courts, the state, and thousands of self-appointed medical and psychological expert
25、s across the country. The chief difference between her case and those of Karen Quinlan and Nancy Cruzan, much earlier victims of Persistent Vegetative State (PVS), was the existence of the internet. When posted videotapes showed Mrs. Schiavo apparently smiling and communicating with those around her
26、, doctors called these mere reflex activity, but to the layman they seemed to reveal a human being who should not be killed. On March 20th, a CAT scan of Mrs. Schiavo“s brain-the grey matter of the cerebral cortex more or lass gone, replaced by cerebrospinal fluid-was posted on a biog. By March 29th
27、, it had brought 390 passionate and warring responses. All this outside interference could only exacerbate the real, cruel dilemmas of the case. After a heart attack in February 1990, when she was 26, Mrs. Schiavo“s brain was deprived of oxygen for five minutes and irreparably damaged. For a while,
28、her family hoped she might be rehabilitated. Her husband Michael bought her new clothes and wheeled her round art galleries, in case her brain could respond. By 1993, he was sure it could not, and when she caught an infection he did not want her treated. Her parents disagreed, and claimed she could
29、recover. From that point the family split, and litigation started. Each side, backed by legions of supporters, accused the other of money-grubbing and bad faith. A Florida court twice ordered Mrs. Schiavo“s feeding tube to be removed and Jeb Bush, the governor of Florida, overruled it. The final rem
30、oval of the tube, on March 18th, was followed by an extraordinary scene, in the early hours of March 21st, when George Bush signed into law a bill allowing Mrs. Schiavo“s parents to appeal yet again to a federal court. But by then the courts, and two-thirds of Americans, thought that enough was enou
31、gh. On March 24th the Supreme Court declined to hear the case.（分数：10.00）(1).The first paragraph implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.Terri Schiavo had a miserable childhoodB.Terri Schiavo had a vicious brother BobbyC.an accidental event indicates Terri Schiavo“s horrible endingD.Terri Schiavo is an unfortunate
32、woman(2).In the sentence “More than that, it had become a box.“(Line 1, Para. 2), “it“_.（分数：2.00）A.refers to Terri Schiavo“s lifeB.refers to Terri Schiavo“s bodyC.is used for emphasisD.is used as anticipatory subject(3).What“s doctors“ opinion on Mrs. Schiavo“s case?（分数：2.00）A.She is lifeless.B.She
33、is conscious.C.She shows sign of life.D.Her brain shows the sign of life.(4).The cruel dilemmas of Schiavo“s case has in_.（分数：2.00）A.a heart attack in February 1990B.her brain deprived of oxygen for five minutesC.an infection she caught 3 years laterD.the disagreement between her parents and her hus
34、band on her treatment(5).From the last paragraph we may infer that on Schiavo“s case_.（分数：2.00）A.the Florida court and the governor of Florida are in the same opinionB.George Bush stands on the side of Mrs. Schiavo“s husbandC.two-thirds of Americans support Mrs. Schiavo“s parentsD.the Supreme Court
35、has the final sayBy the 1950“s and 60“s “going for Chinese“ had become part of the suburban vernacular. In places like New York City, eating Chinese food became intertwined with the traditions of other ethnic groups, especially that of Jewish immigrants. Many Jewish families faithfully visited their
36、 favorite Chinese restaurant every Sunday night. Among the menus in the exhibition are selections from Glatt Wok: Kosher Chinese Restaurant and Takeout in Monsey, N.Y., and Wok Toy in Cedarhurst, N.Y. Until 1965 Cantonese-speaking immigrants, mainly from the county of Toisan, dominated the industry
37、and menus reflected a standard repertory of tasty but bland Americanizations of Cantonese dishes. But loosening immigration restrictions that year brought a flood of people from many different regions of China, starting “authenticity revolution,“ said Ed Schoenfeld, a restaurateur and Chinese food c
38、onsultant. Top chefs who were trained in spicy and more unusual regional specialties, like Hunan and Sichunan cooking, came to New York then, Mr. Schoenfeld said. President Richard M. Nixon“s trip to China in 1972 awakened interest in the country and accounts of his meals helped whet diners“ appetit
39、es for new dishes. An illustration of a scowling Nixon with a pair of chopsticks glares down from the wall at the exhibition. Hunan and Sichuan restaurants in New York influenced the taste of the whole country, Mr. Schoenfeld said. Dishes like General Tso“s chicken and crispy orange beef caught on e
40、verywhere. But as with the Cantonese food before it, Mr. Schoenfeld said, the cooking degraded over time, as it became mass produced. Today“s batter-fried, syrup-laden version of Chinese food, he said, bears little resemblance to authentic cuisine. The real explosion of Chinese restaurants that made
41、 them ubiquitous came in the 1980“s, said Betty Xie, editor of Chinese Restaurant News. “Now you see there are almost one or two Chinese restaurants in every town in the United States,“ she said. There are signs that some have tired of Chinese food. A 2004 Zagat survey showed that its popularity has
42、 ebbed somewhat in New York City. But the journey of the Chinese restaurant remains the story of the American dream, as experienced by a constant but evolving stream of Chinese immigrants who realized the potential of 12-hour days, borrowed capital and a willingness to cook whatever Americans wanted
43、. Sales margins are tight, and wages are low. Restaurants are passed from one family member to the next, or sold by one Chinese family to another. Often a contingency written into Sales contracts is that the previous owners train the new owners. “The competition in Chinese communities is cutthroat,“
44、 Mr. Chen, the co-curator, said. “What people realize is you can make much, much better profit in places like Montana.“（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph we know that by the 1950“s and 60“s Chinese food was a favorite of_.（分数：2.00）A.the suburban dwellersB.New YorkersC.ethnic immigrantsD.Jewish i
45、mmigrants(2).What is the factor that contributes to “authenticity revolution“?（分数：2.00）A.The arrival of Cantonese-speaking immigrants.B.Bland Americanizations of Cantonese dishes.C.Relaxed control over immigration restrictions“.D.Great number of people from different regions of China(3).All the foll
46、owing helped the explosion of Chinese restaurants in the U.S. EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.President Richard M. Nixon“s trip to ChinaB.Hunan and Sichuan dishesC.General Tso“s chicken and crispy orange beefD.Today“s batter-fried, syrup-laden version of Chinese food(4).According to the author, Chinese food in N
47、ew York City_.（分数：2.00）A.is on the declineB.remains the story of the American dreamC.serves stream of Chinese immigrantsD.supplies whatever Americans wanted(5).Judging from the context, “cutthroat“ in the last paragraph may be replaced by_.（分数：2.00）A.killerB.murdererC.very cruelD.dangerousIt vanishe
48、d in 2002, a result of a bad fall. As my neurosurgeon explained, when my head hit the ground, my brain sloshed around, which smashed delicate nerve endings in my olfactory system. Maybe they“ll repair themselves, she said (in what struck me as much too casual a tone), and maybe they won“t. If I had to lose something, it might as well have been smell; at least nothing about my personality or my memory had changed, as can happen with head trauma. So it seemed almost churlish to feel, a
