1、考研英语-试卷 1 及答案解析(总分：152.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Stop worrying about recession. That is the message from America“s R-word index. For eac
2、h quarter, we (1)_ how many stones in the New York Times and the Washington Post include the word “recession“. (2)_ bells were set (3)_ by the sharp jump in the “R-count“ in the first quarter of this year. at a rate that in the past has (4)_ the start of a recession. In the second quarter. (5)_. the
3、 number of articles (6)_ by more than one-third. A conspiracy theorist might suggest that newspaper editors, (7)_ about dwindling advertising revenues, have (8)_ the R-word. The Economist has found that (9)_ the past two decades, the R-word index has been good at (10)_ mining-points in the American
4、economy. (11)_ GDP figures which appear (12)_ after a lag, the numbers are instantly available. But how does the index perform in Germany, (13)_ there have also been (14)_ fears of recession? Using our idea, Hypo Vereins bank has (15)_ an R-word index for Germany, counting the number of times the wo
5、rd recession (16)_ in Handelsblatt. Worryingly, Germany“s R-count for the first quarter of 2001 showed the second-steepest (17)_ in the past two decades. But in the second quarter, the index dropped by one-third, (18)_ in America (19)_ the world economy has nothing to worry about, or journalists are
6、 more worded about a (20)_ than a mere recession. A R-word index?（分数：40.00）A.countB.calculateC.accountD.reckonA.WarningB.AlarmC.SirenD.dangerA.upB.outC.offD.aboutA.hint atB.gesturedC.signD.signaledA.butB.yetC.howeverD.althoughA.reducedB.fellC.dropD.descendedA.tormentedB.harassedC.torturedD.worriedA.
7、prohibitedB.proscribedC.bannedD.interdictedA.overB.inC.throughD.byA.pointingB.settingC.placingD.spottingA.UnlikeB.LikeC.AsD.Not asA.generallyB.usuallyC.alwaysD.onlyA.whichB.whereC.whoD.whatA.grownB.growC.grewD.growingA.coinedB.builtC.constructedD.createdA.appearingB.appearedC.appearanceD.appearsA.gr
8、owthB.riseC.risingD.increaseA.asB.likeC.as ifD.as thatA.EitherB.WhicheverC.NeitherD.WhateverA.depressionB.declineC.despairD.dejection二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：12，分数：68.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by ch
9、oosing A, B, C or D._Those of us hurrying to finish our taxes by tomorrow“s deadline will probably be subjected to thoughts of the I.R.S. (Internal Revenue Service) as an all-powerful bully. But the truth is, the government is not always a match for the tax advisors of wealthy people, so a lot of ta
10、xes will go unpaid at the top of the income scale. Lawyers who represent high-income taxpayers earn more than 10 times what senior government lawyers doan obvious disadvantage for the government agencies in attracting and retaining top talent. The lawyers who write our tax rules are overworked and s
11、ometimes inexperienced, so that they leave loopholes that are exploited by more experienced private lawyers. And the government always loses cases which it should win, and provides private lawyers with precedents. As this vicious cycle shows, skimping(节约) on tax administration is a false economy. In
12、stead, if we substantially increase government salaries and staffing levels, we can raise more revenue, with lower tax rates and less waste. Four reforms should be adopted immediately. First, the government should focus on hiring talented young lawyers, since the pay disparity with the private secto
13、r is narrower for them. These efforts will be more effective if Congress helps new graduates repay student loans, which often are more than $100,000. A loan repayment program would be a powerful recruiting device. Second, the government should tap another promising talent poolrecent retirees from pr
14、ivate practiceto mentor young lawyers. The salary gap is less of an issue for retirees, and the opportunity to give back to the tax system can be quite appealing. Third, the government should retain a small team of a dozen top tax lawyers at salaries closer to the market rate. They can serve as a ra
15、pid reaction force, deciding whether to shut down a new aggressive strategy immediately or to let it be evaluated through usual government channels. Fourth, the government should retain private lawyers to help with high-priority projects. An important constraint is that lawyers who represent private
16、 clients may view it as a conflict to help the government. But this is not always true. Through bar associations, private lawyers already volunteer to review proposed changes in the tax law and offer ways to improve them. Tax academics can also be a valuable and conflict-free source of expertise, si
17、nce they ordinarily do not represent clients. And some tax litigators(诉讼律师) may view it as a prestigious opportunity and a patriotic service to represent the government in a tax case that could set an important precedent. The tax system can be only as strong as the people who run it, so the governme
18、nt has to recruit and retain the most promising talent. A tax system can be fair and efficient only when it is administered soundly.（分数：10.00）(1).The text suggests that the wealthy people in the U.S. _（分数：2.00）A.Seldom pay their taxes.B.Always hurry to finish their taxes by the deadline.C.Employ adv
19、isors m avoid tax payments.D.Enjoy the same tax rate as people with ordinary income.(2).The word “disparity“ (Line 1, Paragraph 4) most probably means _（分数：2.00）A.equity.B.gap.C.quantity.D.accord.(3).Private lawyers can easily exploit advantages in current tax system mainly because _（分数：2.00）A.they
20、earn more than the lawyers working for the government.B.they are more experienced and talented.C.the tax system only suits the poor.D.they want successful precedents to improve their career.(4).Which of the following is true of the text?（分数：2.00）A.The U.S. government revenue agencies always bully ta
21、xpayers.B.The salary gap between senior government lawyers and private lawyers is smaller.C.Private lawyers are unwilling to help the government make countermeasures against themselves.D.Reforms in tax administration can help reduce waste and tax rate, and collect more revenue.(5).According to the t
22、ext, the most important factor to perfect tax system is to _（分数：2.00）A.improve tax administration.B.lower the income of private lawyers.C.ask people to pay tax through moral methods.D.change the current tax rate.Let“s not mince words: college can be tough. According to a 2007 study by the American C
23、ollege Health Association, 43 percent of students reported having felt “so depressed it was difficult to function“ at least once in the prior year. Other studies, based on student surveys, suggest that one in five undergraduates reported having an eating disorder, one in six had deliberately cut or
24、burned himself and one in 10 had considered suicide. Given those numbers, it“s deeply troubling that in 2007 just 8. 5 percent of students used their college“s counseling services. In other words, students were more likely to consider killing themselves than to seek help. “After Virginia Tech, stude
25、nts feel more afraid to discuss mental-health problems,“ says Alison Malmon, the founder of Active Minds, a national group that promotes mental-health awareness on campus. “They think they“ll be labeled as the crazy kid who“ll shoot up the school. “ Counselors say that while they do keep an eye out
26、for students who might pose a risk to others, the overwhelming majority of their patients are no threat to anyone but themselves. “The things that make it into the media aren“t people“s everyday struggles, “ says Gregory Eells, head of Cornell“s counseling service and president of the Association fo
27、r University and College Counseling Center Directors. “We need to let students know that seeking treatment is a strong, smart thing. “ Counseling services must look for new ways to reach out to troubled students. NYU freshmen are treated annually to a Reality Show, in which NYU student actors perfor
28、m skits on topics from depression to drug abuse. At Harvard, students can win iPods for attending mental-health screening sessions and are invited to “pajama party“ panels, where flannel-clad counselors dispense milk and cookies along with advice about the importance of sleep. “There“s still a high
29、level of stigma, “ says Richard Kadison, head of Harvard“s mental-health services. “We“re trying to find creative ways of getting the message out. “ Many campuses also offer online services allowing students to complete informal diagnostic quizzes away from the prying eyes of their peers. “You take
30、it in the privacy of your own dorm room not at some event where a bunch of other students might be watching you, “ says Katherine Cruise, a director of Screening for Mental Health, a nonprofit that serves about 500 campuses. The results are confidential, but can help nudge students toward counseling
31、 services. Still, students and counselors agree that the most effective outreach programs are those led by students themselves. “It“s different when you hear something from another student,“ says Semmie Kim, a neuro-science major who founded MIT“s chapter of Active Minds in 2007. She“s held events l
32、ike a bubble-wrap stomp to help students vent pre-exam stress, but says her group“s most important role is to provide troubled peers with a sympathetic ear. “We want to make students realize they“re not alone, “ she says. College will always be tough, but there“s no need to suffer in silence.（分数：10.
33、00）(1).Which of the following has the least possibility to happen on mentally troubled undergraduates?（分数：2.00）A.Feeling terribly depressed.B.Having an eating disorder.C.Cutting themselves intentionally.D.Considering committing suicide.(2).The work of counseling services is challenging because（分数：2.
34、00）A.more and more college students suffer from mental-health problems.B.though many students have mental-health problems, few of them seek counseling.C.counselors have to keep an eye out for students who might hurt others.D.counselors can“t persuade students into believing that seeking treatment is
35、 a smart choice.(3).The most effective way to regain students“ mental health is that（分数：2.00）A.neuroscience majors found more associations in psychological aspect.B.counselors hold mental-health screening sessions more frequently.C.campuses offer more online services to keep students“ privacy.D.outr
36、each programs are created by students themselves.(4).The word “nudge“ (Line 4, Para. 5) probably means（分数：2.00）A.persuade.B.estrange.C.push.D.ensure.(5).According to the last paragraph, we may infer that（分数：2.00）A.undergraduates will continue to suffer from mental-health problems in silence.B.less a
37、nd less students will go to university to avoid confronting mental-health problems.C.more and more students will go to university to find ways to make universities less tough.D.undergraduates are supposed to find ways to let mental suffering out with counselors“ help.The term “disruptive technology“
38、 is popular, but is widely misused. It refers not simply to a clever new technology, but to one that undermines an existing technologyand which therefore makes life very difficult for the many businesses which depend on the existing way of doing things. Twenty years ago, the personal computer was a
39、classic example. It swept aside an older mainframe-based style of computing, and eventually brought IBM, one of the world“s mightiest firms at the time, to its knees. This week has been a coming-out party of sorts for another disruptive technology, “voice over internet protocol“ (VOIP), which promis
40、es to be even more disruptive, and of even greater benefit to consumers, than personal computers. VOIP“s leading proponent is Skype, a small firm whose software allows people to make free calls to other Skype users over the internet, and very cheap calls to traditional telephonesall of which spells
41、trouble for incumbent telecoms operators. On September 12th, eBay, the leading online auction-house, announced that it was buying Skype for $ 2.6 billion, plus an additional $ 1.5 billion if Skype hits certain performance targets in coming years. This seems a vast sum to pay for a company that has o
42、nly $ 60 m in revenues and has yet to turn a profit. Yet eBay was not the only company interested in buying Skype. Microsoft, Yahoo!, News Corporation and Google were all said to have also considered the idea. Perhaps eBay, rather like some over-excited bidder in one of its own auctions, has paid to
43、o much. The company says it plans to use Skype“s technology to make it easier for buyers and sellers to communicate, and to offer new “click to call“ advertisements, but many analysts are sceptical that eBay is the best owner of Skype. Whatever the merits of the deal, however, the fuss over Skype in
44、 recent weeks has highlighted the significance of VOIP, and the enormous threat it poses to incumbent telecoms operators. For the rise of Skype and other VOIP services means nothing less than the death of the traditional telephone business, established over a century ago. Skype is merely the most vi
45、sible manifestation of a dramatic shift in the telecoms industry, as voice calling becomes just another data service delivered via high-speed internet connections. Skype, which has over 54 m users, has received the most attention, but other firms routing calls partially or entirely over the internet
46、 have also signed up millions of customers.（分数：10.00）(1).At the beginning of the text, the author_.（分数：2.00）A.states the popularity of the termB.indicates a clever new technologyC.undermines an existing technologyD.corrects a misconception(2).The phrase “brought. . . to its knees“ in the first parag
47、raph most probably denotes（分数：2.00）A.forced. to submit to itB.imposed. on itC.convinced . that itD.associated. . . with it(3).It can be inferred from the text that_.（分数：2.00）A.even greater benefit to many business is promisedB.quite a few corporations showed interests in the acquisition of SkypeC.eB
48、ay has paid a vast sum of money for a small firmD.your phone will ring wherever you are in the world(4).According to the text, many analysts“ attitude toward the possession of Skype by eBay is_.（分数：2.00）A.supportiveB.persuasiveC.approvalD.negative(5).According to the last paragraph, with which of the following statements would the author of the text most probably agree?（分数：2.00）A.Almost-free internet phone calls herald the slow death of traditional telephony.B.Another data service was delivered entirely ov
