1、考研英语 284 及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Comparisons were drawn between the development television in the 20th century and the diffusion printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened -|_|-As was discussed before, it was not -|_|- the 19th century that the
2、newspaper became the dominant pre- electronic -|_|- , following in the wake the pamphlet and the book and in the -|_|- the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution -|_|- up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading -|_|- through the telegraph, the telephon
3、e, radio, and motion pictures -|_|- the 20th-century world the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that in -|_|- It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, -|_|- , that the introduction the computer in the early 20th century, -|_|-by the invention the integrated circuit during t
4、he 1960s, radically changed the , -|_|-its impact the media was not immediately -|_|-As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal“ too, as well as -|_|-, with display becoming sharper and storage -|_|-increasing. They were thought , like people, -|_|-generat
5、ions, with the distance between generations much -|_|-. It was within the computer age that the term “information society“ began to be widely used to describe the -|_|-within which we now live. The communications revolution has -|_|-both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place an
6、d time, but there have been -|_|-views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits“ have been weighed -|_|-“harmful“ outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult. Comparisons were drawn between the development television in the 20th century and the diffusion pri
7、nting in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened -|_|-As was discussed before, it was not -|_|- the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre- electronic -|_|- , following in the wake the pamphlet and the book and in the -|_|- the periodical. It was during the same time that
8、 the communications revolution -|_|- up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading -|_|- through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures -|_|- the 20th-century world the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that in -|_|- It is important to do so. It is generally re
9、cognized, -|_|- , that the introduction the computer in the early 20th century, -|_|-by the invention the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the , -|_|-its impact the media was not immediately -|_|-As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “pers
10、onal“ too, as well as -|_|-, with display becoming sharper and storage -|_|-increasing. They were thought , like people, -|_|-generations, with the distance between generations much -|_|-. It was within the computer age that the term “information society“ began to be widely used to describe the -|_|
11、-within which we now live. The communications revolution has -|_|-both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been -|_|-views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits“ have been weighed -|_|-“harmful“ outcomes. And gener
12、alizations have proved difficult. （分数：1.00）A.betweenB.beforeC.sinceD.later二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2.Outline: 1) present situation 2) necessity of the project 3) my suggestionOutline: 1) present situation 2) necessity of the project 3) my suggestion（分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)If
13、 you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of v
14、iew. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an exam
15、ple, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, p
16、olite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?“ the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, thats God,“came the reply,“but some
17、times he thinks hes a doctor.“ If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it 11 be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman s notorious ba
18、d taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward be
19、ing humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbel
20、ieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you dont succeed, give up“ or a play on words or on a situation.Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and
21、 pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor. （分数：1.00）(1).To make your humor work, you should（分数：0.20）A.take advantage of different kinds of audience.B.make fun of the disorganized people.C.address different problems to different people.D.show sympathy for your
22、listeners.(2).The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are（分数：0.20）A.impolite to new arrivals.B.very conscious of their godlike role.C.entitled to some privileges.D.very busy even during lunch hours.(3).It can be inferred from the text that public services（分数：0.20）A.have bene
23、fited many people.B.are the focus of public attention.C.are an inappropriate subject for humor.D.have often been the laughing stock.(4).To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered（分数：0.20）A.in well-worded language.B.as awkwardly as possible.C.in exaggerated statements.D.as ca
24、sually as possible.(5).The best title for the text may be（分数：0.20）A.Use Humor Effectively.B.Various Kinds of Humor.C.Add Humor to Speech.D.Different Humor Strategies.Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer th
25、is painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about
26、what in the world those readers really want. But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provi
27、des a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates“ of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were
28、sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions. Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods,hav
29、e maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community. Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing dis
30、trust of the news media isn t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers. This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitu
31、des vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If
32、 it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class. （分数：1.00）(1). What is the passage mainly about?（分数：0.25）A.Needs of the readers all over the word.B.Causes of the public disapp
33、ointment about newspapers.C.Origins of the declining newspaper industry.D.Aims of a journalism credibility project.(2).The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be_.（分数：0.25）A.quite trustworthyB.somewhat contradictoryC.very illuminatingD.rather superficial(3). The basic problem
34、 of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their_.（分数：0.25）A.working attitudeB.conventional lifestyleC.world outlookD.educational background(4).Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its_.（分数：0.25）A.failure to realize its real problemB.tendenc
35、y to hire annoying reportersC.likeliness to do inaccurate reportingD.prejudice in matters of race and genderHunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site s “personal sea
36、rch agent“. Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D. C. Three weeks later, he got his first n
37、otification of an opening. “I struck gold,“ says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time- consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the n
38、eed for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility,“ says one expert. For any job search, you should start wit
39、h a narrow concept what you think you want to do-then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,“ says another expert. “There s no career counseling implicit in all of this.“ Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; w
40、hen you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,“ says the author of a job-searching guide. Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite s a
41、gent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs-those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them-and they do. “On the day after we send ou
42、r messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,“ says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite. Even those who aren t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation t
43、o ann themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,“ he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you. （分数：1.00）(1).How did Redmon find his job?（分数：0.
44、20）A.By searching openings in a job database.B.By posting a matching position in a database.C.By using a special service of a database.D.By E-mailing his resume to a database.(2). Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?（分数：0.20）A.Lack of counselingB.Limited number of visits.C.
45、Lower efficiency.D.Fewer successful matches.(3).The expression “tip service“ ( Line 4, Paragraph 3 ) most probably means（分数：0.20）A.advisory.B.compensation.C.interactionD.reminder(4).Why does CareerSite s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?（分数：0.20）A.To focus on better job matches.B.T
46、o attract more returning visits.C.To reserve space for more messages.D.To increase the rate of success.(5).Which of the following is true according to the text?（分数：0.20）A.Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.B.Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.C.Personal
47、 search agents are also helpful to those already employed.D.Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.In a competitive economy, the consumer usually has the choice of several different brands of the same product. Yet underneath their labels, these products are often nearly identical. One manufacturers toothpaste tends to differ very little from another manufacturers. Two different brands of shampoo may vary
