1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 487 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part B（分数：10.00）_ABreaking all constraints BTimeline to execution CThe purpose of the decision DKnown unknowns and unknown unknowns EWrong is never permanent FResource acce
2、ssibility GPlaying to self-interest Leadership in any capacity requires a laser-like focus, complete awareness of the problem set, and a willingness to “move the needle“ when faced with uncertainty. Leaders must, at any point, be willing to make a split-second decision with potentially long-lasting
3、and profound impacts. Here are five criteria to consider when making your next big decision: 1 In the military, there was(and still is)a pecking order of priority upon which decisions are based. The mission always came first, followed by what would serve the team, and finally, what would serve the i
4、ndividual. The individual always comes last because he or she was always the smallest link in the organizational chain. Playing to self-interest serves little purpose, and thats not what a team or an organization is about. 2 Well, “never“ is a strong word, but you get the idea. Ive said before that
5、failure is only determined by where you choose to stop, and it also depends on how that particular problem is perceived. The higher one ascends within an organization. For example, the same problem that appears tricky at one level may not necessarily be the right one to solve for at another. Seek as
6、 many viewpoints as you can to enhance your understanding of the situation. 3 There are internal and external influences that shape the feasibility of execution along a given timeline. Internal influences refer to the competency of you and your team to execute the decision in the given time, whereas
7、 external influences signify the driving forces that impact the deadline that you have no control over, such as weather, the economy or market demand. You want to ask yourself two questions. First, “Is now the right time to decide?“ If the answer is yes, then your next question is, “Am I capable of
8、executing the decision?“ If the answer is no then ask “why?“ 4 These are the constraints surrounding the execution of your decisions. A known unknown is when you realize a specific intangible exists but cant quantify how much, such as traffic. For instance, youre aware that rush hour in Los Angeles
9、never really has an end point, so it could take you from 20 minutes to two hours to travel from A to B. The point is, you know that uncertainty exists but dont know how much. Unknown unknowns are when Murphy likes to throw another wrench in the mix that you simply can t plan for, such as a vehicle a
10、ccident or engine breakdown. Try to identify all constraints as best you can so you know how to align them towards the purpose of your decision. 5 If at first you dont succeed, try, try again. The result of any effort will depend in part on the resources used to execute it, so be sure to identity no
11、t only the primary resources available but also secondary ones, too. Every decision should have a contingency plan for when those unknown unknowns arise and deem your primary course of action obsolete. Decision-making can paralyze you if youre not prepared. Tackle your next major dilemma using the a
12、forementioned considerations and feel better about the decisions you come to.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_AThink about how your attitude change will affect your life BLook for a role model CBe clear about your traits DIdentify and understand what you want to change EBelieve that you
13、are able to change FGet rid of the pessimistic friends GChoose the right company “Our attitude toward life determines lifes attitude towards us.“ Weve all heard about the power of our attitude, and that its our attitude that determines how much we succeed in life. If you look around you, you will se
14、e that people with a positive attitude enjoy life more and are generally happier and more successful than those who walk around grumpy and pessimistic. Our attitude is the driving force in our livesit can either push you to do great things or pull you down to your demise. All the things that you hav
15、e been through, all the people you have met and interacted with can have an impact on your attitude. If you think that all these factors have molded you into a person with a poor attitude towards life, there is no need to worry as there is always an opportunity for change. Let me share with you how
16、I did it. 1 The first step towards change is clearly understanding what needs to be changed. Setting clear goals is the key to success in any endeavor. When it comes to changing your attitude, you need to do an honest and in-depth self-evaluation so you could point out exactly which of your traits n
17、eed to be improved or totally changed. 2 We all need to know that what were trying to accomplish can in fact be achieved: that we can be more optimistic, more social or more patient. Find someone who has the kind of attitude that you want to have, and let his or her life give you inspiration and enc
18、ouragement to move beyond your temporary failures in your journey towards becoming a better person. 3 To be able to overcome all the difficulties that lie ahead of you in your journey towards self betterment, you need to figure out exactly what this supposed change could bring to your life. Will cha
19、nging your attitude mean a happier family or social life? Will a change in your attitude mean a more successful career or business? Fix your mind on the things that would come as a result of your attitude change and you will have a greater chance of reaching your goal. 4 As they say, “Bad company co
20、rrupts good character.“ You don t expect yourself to be able to change if you go on surrounding yourself with people who possess all the negative traits that you want to change. Consider befriending new people, especially those who are optimistic and have a healthy attitude towards life. You will se
21、e that your effort to change will be easier with these kinds of people as friends. 5 Often, the greatest obstacle between us and our goals is ourselves or our inability to trust in what we are able to do. If you dont believe in yourself or believe that you or your life can change, it just wont happe
22、nyou will either never start, or give up quickly so you wont have even given yourself the opportunity to succeed. It cannot be denied that a positive attitude is very important for living a successful and satisfying life, so it is only right to strive to have a positive attitude.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项
23、 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_AUse commute time BMake conversations about your artwork a priority CRead before you fall asleep DCarry a notepad and pen about ETake notes whenever ideas come FTalk about yourself as much as possible GDon t underestimate thinking time Most of us will have days or weeks when
24、 we cant make as much stuff as we d like. Things get busy, we have jobs, families and lives which means occasionally youll be out of time to sit down and make art. There are some simple tips you can try to maximize the thinking and considering time that can help fuel your creative work. 1 This is a
25、classic subconscious-employing trick, used a lot for when you really need to study and remember material. If you want to think more about your artwork, read about it just before you fall asleep. Studies show that your brain remembers more and thinks subconsciously about the information you process j
26、ust before going into rapid eye movement(REM)sleep. If youre reading a book on creativity you really want to digest, this is a great strategy to help stimulate your own creative process. 2 Take notes. Lots of notes. No matter what time of day(or night). Give keeping a notepad and pen beside your bed
27、, and always carry one in your handbag or pocket. Some strategies you could try are making lists of future or potential artwork. Taking notes can be valuable in their offhanded, indiscriminate formatsometimes theyre not important or playful, and sometimes they can be tiny seeds of gold. 3 Get rid of
28、 the guilt around talking about yourself too much. It can really help to regularly make the effort to speak about what you ve been working on. There s a learning curve that comes out of forcing yourself to name things. Set up catch-ups or phone calls with other artists to check in with each other re
29、garding your work. Hopefully these conversations can happen with family and friends or co-workers, and can be used as an artistic compass to check you are on course, on the whole, with making work. 4 Use the time youre driving, on the train, or commuting to and from work to your advantage. Read, lis
30、ten, think, make lists, or mentally check off your progress. I know artists who use commute time to meditate and reflect on themselves, which is another interesting strategy to try. Using commute time means that when you do sit down to create work, you ve often done the heavy thinking and are ready
31、to dive into the practical, hands-on work. 5 When youre not making artwork, make time to simply think. It seems like many artworks are made after months(or even years)of living inside your own head. Whether you re at work, walking pets, or doing the dishes, using this time to think hard about your a
32、rtwork can pay off greatly. You can often surprise yourself with how much progress you can make if you clock the thinking hours. Realizing that this was a thing that was one of the most helpful and insightful lessons I learned as an artist. Thinking time is time well spent.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空
33、项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_AListen more than you talk BTell white lies when necessary CBe honest about what you can reveal DDon t discount the little guys EChoose the customer with the same values FDo your research GStay true to your values Successful businesses are built on strong relationships. Business l
34、eaders often need to step into the shoes of a diplomat, developing and managing complex relationships with many diverse groups. “There is a lot of common ground between diplomacy and business, “ says Carey Cavanaugh, a professor of diplomacy at the University of Kentucky and a former U.S. ambassador
35、 stationed all over the world for over two decades under both the Clinton and Bush administrations. “Entrepreneurs can draw from the diplomatic tool box to be more effective, “ he says. Try these tips from a seasoned diplomat s toolbox to help you build solid business relationships that last. 1 Dipl
36、omats are known as “people who lie for their countries, “ and corporations are often seen as equally deceitful. But in both cases, telling the truth is essential for success. Truth builds a solid reputation. Its the key to establishing long-term relationships that you can rely on in a crunch. When s
37、ecrecy is essential, with an upcoming product launch or a private personnel issue, dont compromise honesty. You can keep secrets and still tell the truth. Just be honest about what you can and cannot say. 2 Just as a diplomat would learn about a cultures customs before a visit, learn as much as you
38、can before you try to connect with a customer, peer, or potential partner. Learn what they value, how they behave, what their long-term interests are, and what they need or want. Use that knowledge to help you craft your message or product, address specific needs, and show that you understand their
39、values. 3 Diplomats and business people have a reputation for being pushy, but you best take time to listen. Half the job is about saying what you want or need, but the other half is listening, Its as important to listen as it is to speak. Listening makes the other party feel valued, helps you ident
40、ify their needs, and allows you to respond more creatively. When you listen, you can often find solutions that evade others, making you more likely to reach your goals. 4 The relationships you re building today, even those that seem inconsequential, are worth attention and care. Relationships that d
41、ont seem important now will come back to you later, though you wont know when or how. A casual acquaintance may be the key to your next innovation, just as a tiny country may be the next major oil source for a diplomat. Build lasting relationships by treating others with integrity and giving your fu
42、ll attention when you re with them. 5 In any negotiation or business decision, choose solutions that fit your values, even if theyre not the easiest or cheapest options. When you deviate from your values, there s a hard price to pay. It takes a long time to get a reputation back. Its easiest to lose
43、 your values when youre getting impatient or growing rapidly, so in those moments, remember what you stand for. The more you act on consistent values, the stronger your business will be in the long run and the more your consumers will trust you.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_考研英语（阅读）模拟
44、试卷 487 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part B（分数：10.00）_解析：ABreaking all constraints BTimeline to execution CThe purpose of the decision DKnown unknowns and unknown unknowns EWrong is never permanent FResource accessibi
45、lity GPlaying to self-interest Leadership in any capacity requires a laser-like focus, complete awareness of the problem set, and a willingness to “move the needle“ when faced with uncertainty. Leaders must, at any point, be willing to make a split-second decision with potentially long-lasting and p
46、rofound impacts. Here are five criteria to consider when making your next big decision: 1 In the military, there was(and still is)a pecking order of priority upon which decisions are based. The mission always came first, followed by what would serve the team, and finally, what would serve the indivi
47、dual. The individual always comes last because he or she was always the smallest link in the organizational chain. Playing to self-interest serves little purpose, and thats not what a team or an organization is about. 2 Well, “never“ is a strong word, but you get the idea. Ive said before that failure is only determined by where you choose to stop, and it also depends on how that part
