1、中国人民大学真题 2008 年及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.In general, the_amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total for living expenses.A. acceptable B. advisable C. available D. applicable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.Every man in this country has the
2、 right to live where he wants to,_the color of his skin.A. with the exception of B. in the light ofC. by virtue of D. regardless of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full_A. capacity B. strength C. length D. possibility（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.
3、The soldier was_of running away when the enemy.A. scolded B. charged C. accused D. punished（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5.To begin some activity is to_doing it.A. set down B. set up C. set about D. set off（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.6.How can you_and watch the country go to ruin?A. stand by B. stand for C. stand up D. sta
4、nd up for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.7.Edison tested more than one thousand materials to see if they could _ electric current and glow.A. bring B. make C. carry D. produce（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.8.In most countries, the metric system has been_ for all measurement.A. admitted B. adapted C. applied D. adopted（分数：0.50）A
5、.B.C.D.9.The little girl is ignorant_the basic rules of English grammar.A. for B. of C. with D. against（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.10.Bank notes are not usually _into gold nowadays.A. inverted B. revertible C. convertible D. diverting（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.I _ you that the goods will be delivered next week.A. ins
6、ist B. confirm C. assure D. ensure（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.The manager just _ his resignation to the board meeting yesterday and today another one took his place.A. sent up B. sent off C. sent out D. sent in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.13.The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features, but each has used t
7、hem according to its national_A. personality B. temperament C. interest D. destiny（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.14.Our journey was slow because the train stopped_at different villages.A. gradually B. continuously C. constantly D. continually（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.15.When he realized the police had spotted him, the man
8、_the exit as quickly as possible.A. made for B. made out C. made up to D. made way（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.16.The annual _of the department store starts tomorrow.A. stocking B. stocktaking C. stockpiling D. stockholding（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.17.Remember to ask for a _of quality for these goods; otherwise they wil
9、l not offer any maintenance.A. warranty B. promise C. certificate D. receipt（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.18.In many countries tobacco and medicine are government_A. control B. monopoly C. business D. belongings（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.19.To ensure its sustained progress in economy, the government has_a series of polici
10、es.A. reserved B. issued C. delivered D. expressed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.20.He has never worried about his properties because he has_them against disasters and theft.A. assured B. ensured C. insured D. secure（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.21.The terrorists kidnapped the director of the company and demanded a large sums
11、 of money for his_A. liberty B. relief C. relaxation D. release（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.22.A completely new situation is bound to_when the examination system is introduced.A. rise B. arise C. raise D. arouse（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.23.A good way to _a language is to live in the native culture with the native speake
12、rs.A. require B. inquire C. acquire D. enquire（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.24.A product is to be regarded as being_when introduced into the another country at less than its normal value.A. discharged B. discarded C. disposed D. dumped（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.25.Its apparent that the wooden bridge is not strong enough t
13、o_the weight of a lorry.A. retain B. sustain C. obtain D. maintain（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.26.After his recovery from illness, he is determined to_ what he had been doing to attain the goal.A. assume B. consume C. presume D. resume（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.27.The transition from wifes to mothers role require the wif
14、e to_to the completely new situation in daily life.A. adapt B. adjust C. adopt D. accept（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.28.All workers, regardless of their sex and education, are required to_at the age of 60.A. resign B. retire C. regain D. retain（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.29.The plane found the spot and hovered close enoug
15、h to_that it was a car.A. ensure B. examine C. verify D. testify（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.30.The encouraging factor is that the_majority of people find the idea of change acceptable.A. numerous B. vast C. most D. massive（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.31.The increase in student numbers_ many problems for the universities.A
16、. forces B. presses C. provides D. poses（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.32.Please _ from smoking until the aeroplane is airborne.A. refrain B. prevent C. resist D. restrain（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.33.Reporters and photographers alike took great_at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.A. annoyance B. offence
17、 C. resentment D. irritation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.34.Topics for composition should be_ to the experiences and interests of the students.A. concerned B. dependent C. connecting D. relevant（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.35.The novel contains some marvellously revealing_ofrnral life in the 19th century.A. glances B. glim
18、pses C. glares D. gleams（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.36.Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his_ to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.A. reaction B. comment C. impression D. comprehension（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.37.Picking flowers in the park is absolutely_A. avo
19、ided B. prohibited C. rejected D. repelled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.38.Tony has not the least_of giving up his research work.A. intention B. interest C. wish D. desire（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.39.Two of the children have to sleep in one bed, but the other three have_ones.A. similar B. singular C. different D. separat
20、e（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.40.Am I to understand that his new post_ no responsibility with it at all?A. keeps B. supports C. carries D. possesses（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：6，分数：30.00)Passage 1It has been argued that where schools become bureaucratized, they become bound up with the techniques
21、and implementation of the managerial process, and may concentrate on concern with position and self-advancement. In so doing, they may neglect the purpose for which they were set up.Thus, they do not facilitate the development of those who are part of the school community, and tend to neglect the de
22、sires of children, parents and society at large.It is because of such criticisms that there has been an increasing influence in political rhetoric and legislation of free-market theories of organization and society. Such theories suggest that a much more market-oriented, competitive approach is requ
23、ired so that schools reorient themselves towards their “clients“. By so doing, it is claimed, not only do they once again address the needs of those with whom they should be primarily concemed, but such an approach also unleashes the benefits of individual responsibility, freedom of choice, and rewa
24、rd.Though much of this sounds attractive, it has its roots as much in an economic body of thought as in social and political theory, and this must raise the question of whether it can be viably transferred to an educational context. Indeed, if by “educational“ we mean the development of all within t
25、he school community, then free-market theory may miss the mark by concentrating on only one section, “the consumers“. If teachers are seen as part of this community, then their development is just as important.If bureaucratic forms of management face the problem of explaining how their values can be
26、 objective when they are in fact the product of a particular value orientation, the forms of management derived from free-market theories, suggesting an openness to the adoption of different sets of values, are subject to the charge of relativism. In other words, free-market theories, granted that t
27、hey are arguing that individuals should be allowed to pursue their own ends, must explain why any set of values, including their own, is preferable to another.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the author, criticism of schools arises from_A. concerns that schools deliberately neglect studentsB. the high cost
28、 of education due to bureaucracyC. a perception of them as self-serving and bureaucraticD. a misunderstanding of schools officials（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The “school community“ (Line 4, Para. 4) the author refers to would probably includeA. students B. students and parentsC. students, parents and teach
29、ers D. teachers and students（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The transfer of free market ideas to the schools may fail because_A. schools have no real clientsB. they concentrate only on the consumer and do not include teachersC. schools are totally different from the free marketD. they have no solid purpose in
30、their aims（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, criticism of free market solutions in education arise from the fact that_A. they do not explain why their set of values are better than othersB. their values are too subjectiveC. their values are too different from those within an educational con
31、textD. the educational context is not a free market（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The “charge of relativism“ mentioned in the last paragraph is meant to show_A. the values are too narrow-minded B. the values are not specific enoughC. the values are too self-serving D. the values are not strongly held（分数：1.00）
32、A.B.C.D.Passages 2To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun.Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient tim
33、es. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, was back in the eleventh century B.C.We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, th
34、e umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices.In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against ra
35、in were the ancient Romans.During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. ByI680, the umbrella appeared in France and later on in England.By the eight
36、eenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasnt until the twentieth century that womens umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of colors.（分数：5.0
37、0）(1).The first use of umbrella was as_A. protection against rain B. a shade against the sunC. a symbol of power D. a symbol of honor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2)._were the people who first used umbrellas.A. Chinese B. Romans C. Greeks D. Egyptians（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The umbrella was used only by royalty or
38、 by those in high offices_A. in Europe in the 18th century B. in ancient Egypt and BabylonC. in the Far East in ancient times D. during the Middle Ages（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, which of the following is not true?A. Women enjoy using umbrellas with varied kinds of colors nowadays
39、.B. The inventor of the umbrella is unknown.C. Once ordinary people had no right to use umbrellas.D. Umbrellas were popular and cheap in ancient times.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. When Was the Umbrella Invented? B. The History of UmbrellaC. Umbrella
40、-A Symbol of Honor D. Who Used Umbrella First?（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Passages 3Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England.“One man draws o
41、ut the wire; another strengthens it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins
42、is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.“Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800 pins per worke
43、r. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, none of them could have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one.There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw thi
44、s but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more of what
45、 they already have.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to_A. take advantage of the division of laborB. introduce the division of labor into EnglandC. understand the effects of the division of laborD. explain the causes of the division of labor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A
46、dam Smith saw that the division of labor_A. enabled each worker to make pins more quickly and more cheaplyB. increased the possible output per workerC. increased the number of people employed in factoriesD. improved the quality of pins produced（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Adam Smith mentioned the number 4,8
47、00 in order to_A. show the advantages of the division of laborB. show the advantages of the old craft systemC. emphasize how powerful the individual worker wasD. emphasize the importance of increased production（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the writer, Adam Smiths mistake was in believing that di
48、vision of labor_A. was an efficient way of organizing workB. was an important development in methods of productionC. certainly led to economic developmentD. increased the production of existing goods（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following could serve as an appropriate title for the passage?A. Ad
49、am Smith, the English EconomistB. The Theory of Division of LaborC. Division of Labor, an Efficient Way of Organizing WorkD. Adam Smith, the Last Discoverer of Division of Labor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Passage 4The United States is a country made up of many different races. Usually they are mixed together and cant be told from one another.
