1、医学博士外语模拟试卷 47 及答案解析(总分：182.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Comp(总题数：8，分数：60.00)1.Section A_A.Cancers have a high mortality.B.Skin cancer will not lead to death.C.Lung cancer has higher mortality.D.Cancers cannot be curable.A.In a doctors office.B.In an operating room.C.In a professors office.D.In a g
2、ymnasium.A.She needs to improve her study skills.B.Shell feel better if she get some rest.C.She should make a doctors appointment.D.Her medication isnt working well.A.People enjoy shopping in the drug store.B.People spend little time in the drug store.C.People who spent shorter time in the store are
3、 more likely to buy something there.D.People spend too much time reading articles about quick cures sold there.A.Use cream on her rash.B.See if her rash improves in a few days.C.Check out a medical book from the library.D.See a doctor about her rash.A.He would scratch the paint off its surface.B.He
4、would tear it down first.C.He would make some repairs.D.He would rebuild it by himself.A.She hurt her foot.B.Her health problem has come back again.C.Shes feeling better now.D.She needs an operation soon.A.More doctors should be doing research.B.He is studying to be a doctor.C.An important new medic
5、al treatment may be available soon.D.He has already tried the new medicine.A.Go to bed earlier.B.Go to the gym less often.C.Go to the gym later in the day.D.Go to the gym with a friend.A.Her hometown doctor works at the student health center.B.She cannot help the man choose a doctor.C.She didnt know
6、 she needed a physical exam to play basketball.D.The man should visit a doctor in his hometown.A.He felt better an hour ago.B.His headache should be gone in an hour.C.He forgot to take the medicine for his headache.D.His head still hurts.A.Short of breath.B.Dizzy.C.Knocking into the fridge.D.Feeling
7、 sick.A.It is as good as always.B.It is good enough for something new.C.It is good, but not as good as before.D.It is better than usual.A.Mental stress.B.Sleep too little.C.Washing hair too often.D.Washing hair once a week.A.He doesnt like wearing one.B.He doesnt feel professional wearing one.C.He d
8、oesnt wear one in his department.D.He doesnt want to pay for one.2.Section B_A.Because he had felt severe pain on both sides of the abdomen.B.Because he could not stand the intolerable pain in the back.C.Because he had brought up what he had.D.Because he has got diarrhea.A.His time was fully occupie
9、d.B.He had some urgent cases to deal with.C.His boss asked him to do extra work.D.Two tablets of analgesics killed his pain.A.First in the right abdomen and then it went to the lower abdomen.B.First in the lower abdomen and then it shifted to the right lower abdomen.C.First in the left abdomen and t
10、hen it shifted to the right lower abdomen.D.First in the upper abdomen and then it shifted to the right lower abdomen.A.He has got acute appendicitis.B.He has got acute diarrhea.C.He has a duodenal ulcer.D.He has got an acute gastric ulcer.A.He will go through the formalities of admittance to hospit
11、al.B.He will go to the operating room.C.He will go to the outpatient department.D.He will go to the inpatient department.A.Every child in hospital receives some teaching.B.Not enough is known about hospital teaching.C.Hospital teaching is of poor quality.D.The special childrens hospitals are worst o
12、ff.A.Hospital teaching across the country is similar.B.Each hospital has at least one part-time teacher.C.All hospitals surveyed offer education to children.D.Only one-fourth of the hospital has full-time teachers.A.Hospital teachers.B.Schoolmates.C.Parents.D.School teachers.A.The author is unfavora
13、ble towards children receiving education in hospitals.B.The author is in favor of the present state of teaching in hospitals.C.The author is unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teaching.D.The author is satisfied with the results of the latest survey.A.Doctors and nurses.B.Finding a hospit
14、al teacher.C.The school teacher.D.New medical instruments.A.Some iced coffees have as many calories as a hot dinner.B.Iced coffees sold by some popular chains are contaminated.C.Drinking coffee after a meal is more likely to cause obesity.D.Some brand-name coffees contain harmful substances.A.Have s
15、ome fresh fruit.B.Exercise at the gym.C.Take a hot shower.D.Eat a hot dinner.A.800.B.1, 200.C.1, 600.D.1, 800.A.They could enjoy a happier family life.B.They could greatly improve their work efficiency.C.Many cancer cases could be prevented.D.Many embarrassing situations could be avoided.A.Taking mo
16、re calories.B.Losing too much weight.C.Developing various diseases.D.Increasing the chances of wasting.二、Part Vocabulary(总题数：22，分数：40.00)3.Section A_4.The fire must have_after the staff had gone home.（分数：2.00）A.broken downB.broken upC.broken outD.broken off5.When a psychologist does a general experi
17、ment about the human mind, he selects people_and ask them questions.（分数：2.00）A.at lengthB.at randomC.in essenceD.in bulk6.My brothers plans are very_; he wants to master English, French and Spanish before he is sixteen.（分数：2.00）A.abundantB.ambitiousC.arbitraryD.aggressive7.She thought it was_not to
18、know some of the basic facts of her country.（分数：2.00）A.shamefulB.ashamedC.ashameD.ashameful8.Ted agreed to_the strike if the company would satisfy the demand of the workers.（分数：2.00）A.call outB.call toC.call offD.call on9.At the party we found the shy girl_her mother all the time.（分数：2.00）A.centerin
19、g onB.adhering toC.coinciding withD.clinging to10.The relationship between employers and employees has been studied_.（分数：2.00）A.originallyB.extremelyC.violentlyD.intensively11.Niagara Falls is a great tourist_, drawing millions of visitors every year.（分数：2.00）A.attentionB.attractionC.appointmentD.ar
20、rangement12.Reading_the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.（分数：2.00）A.rectifiesB.prolongsC.minimizesD.furnishes13.The local government gave the first_to education after the war.（分数：2.00）A.projectionB.protectionC.professionD.priority14.Section B_15.Lets
21、 meet halfway and each pay half the damage.（分数：2.00）A.meet on the roadB.quarrelC.go DutchD.compromise16.The leopard is stronger than any other of the great predators .（分数：2.00）A.animals that live on landB.animals that eat other animalsC.animals that eat grassD.wild animals17.The hunters use wooden d
22、ucks as decoys to attract the flock.（分数：2.00）A.toysB.luresC.targetsD.inducements18.Diligent police work should help clear crime.（分数：2.00）A.erectB.establishC.removeD.eradicate19.Her generosity is one of her most pleasing traits .（分数：2.00）A.meritsB.shortcomingsC.characteristicsD.measures20.Many of the
23、se writers used to study in writing clinics .（分数：2.00）A.hospitalsB.circlesC.workshopsD.firms21.My brain may be old, but it is not addled .（分数：2.00）A.confusedB.rottenC.stupidD.disorder22.I try to be broadminded but do feel antipathy toward people who are dirty and untidy.（分数：2.00）A.sympathyB.dislikeC
24、.antiquityD.regard23.It was his firm conviction that every effort should be made to preserve world peace.（分数：2.00）A.doubtB.beliefC.persuasionD.enthusiasm24.The boy showed cleverness in making toys out of scraps of discarded wood.（分数：2.00）A.ingenuityB.generosityC.franknessD.skillfulness三、Part Cloze(总
25、题数：1，分数：20.00)There are only three available strategies for controlling cancer: prevention, screening and treatment. Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other types of cancer. A major cause of the disease is not【C1】_known; there is no good evidence that screening is much help; and treatment fail
26、s in about 90 percent of all cases. At present, therefore, the main strategy must be【C2】_. This may not always be true, of course, as for some other types of cancer, researches over the past few decades have produced (or suggested) some importance in prevention, screening or treatment. 【C3】_, howeve
27、r, we consider not what researchers may one day offer but what todays knowledge could already deliver that is not being delivered, then the most practical and cost-efficient opportunities for avoiding premature death from cancer, especially lung cancer, probably involve neither screening nor improve
28、d【C4】_, but prevention. This conclusion does not depend on the unrealistic assumption that we can eliminate tobacco. It merely assumes that we can reduce cigarette sales appreciably by raising prices or by【C5】_on the type of education that already appears to have a positive effect on cigarette assum
29、ption by white-collar workers and that we can substantially reduce the amount of tar【C6】_per cigarette. The practicability of preventing cancer by such measures applies not only in those countries, such as, the United States of America, because cigarette smoking has been common for decades, 25 to 30
30、 percent of all cancer deaths now involves lung cancer, but also in those where it has become【C7】_only recently. In China, lung cancer as yet accounts for only 5 to 10 percent of all cancer deaths. This is because it may take as much as half a century for the rise in smoking to increase in the incid
31、ence to lung cancer. Countries where cigarette smoking is only now becoming widespread can expect enormous increase in lung cancer during the 1990s or early in the next century, 【C8】_prompt effective action is taken against the habitindeed, such increase is already plainly evident in parts of the wo
32、rld. There are reasons why the preventions of lung cancer is of such overwhelming importance. First, the disease is extremely common, causing more deaths than any other types of cancer now【C9】_: secondly, it is generally incurable; thirdly, effective, practicable measures to reduce its incidence are
33、 already reliably known; and finally, reducing tobacco consumption will also have a substantial【C10】_on many other diseases.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.hardlyB.neverC.lessD.reliably(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.treatmentB.cureC.preventionD.diagnosis(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.AlthoughB.IfC.SinceD.Unless(4).【C4】（分数：2.0
34、0）A.healthB.controlC.environmentD.treatment(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.dealingB.expendingC.hardeningD.inspecting(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.containedB.deliveringC.adoptedD.regulated(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.sensitiveB.tightC.widespreadD.rough(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.ifB.unlessC.providedD.while(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.hasB.emergesC.caus
35、esD.does(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.troubleB.marginsC.impactD.threat四、Part Reading Compre(总题数：6，分数：60.00)Among all the malignancies, lung cancer is the biggest killer; more than 100, 000 Americans die of the disease. Giving up smoking is one of obvious ways to reduce the risk, but another answer may lie in
36、 the kitchen. According to a new report, even heavy smokers may be protected from developing lung cancer by eating a daily portion of carrots, spinach or any other vegetable or fruit containing a form of vitamin A called carotene. The finding, published in THE LANCET, is part of a long-range investi
37、gation of diet and disease. Since 1957, some American researchers have monitored the dietary habits and medical histories of 2, 000 middle-aged men employed by the Western Electric Co. in Chicago. Led by Dr. Richard Shekelle of St. Lukes Medical Center, the researchers recently began to sort out the
38、 links between the subjects dietary patterns and cancer. Other studies of animals and humans have suggested that vitamin A offer some protection against lung cancer. The correlation seemed logical, explains Shekelle, since vitamin A is essential for the growth of the epithelial tissue that lines the
39、 airways of the lungs. Vegetables: But the earlier research did not distinguish between the two different forms of the vitamin. “Preformed“ vitamin A, known as retinols found mainly in liver and dairy products like milk, cheese, butter and eggs. But vitamin A is also made in the body from carotene,
40、which is abundant in a variety of vegetables and fruits, including carrots, spinach, squash, tomatoes, sweet potatoes and apples. In the study, Shekelle and his colleagues found little correlation between the incidence of lung cancer and the consumption of foods containing preformed vitamin A. But w
41、hen they examined the data on carotene intake, they discovered a significant relationship. Among the 488 men who had the lowest level of carotene consumption, there were 14 cases of lung cancer; in a group of the same size that ate the most carotene, only two cases developed. The apparent protective
42、 effect of carotene held up even for long-time smokersbut to a lesser degree. Further studies will be necessary before the link between lung cancer and carotene can be firmly established. In the meantime, researchers warn against taking large numbers of vitamin A pills, because the tablets contain a
43、 form of the chemical that can be extremely toxic in high doses. Instead, they advise a well-balanced diet that includes goods rich in carotene. For a smoker, a half-cup of carrots every day might possibly make the difference between life and death.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “malignancy“ (Line 1, Para.
44、1) most probably refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.cancerB.sicknessC.vitaminsD.disease(2).Preformed vitamin A is NOT found in_.（分数：2.00）A.milkB.eggsC.applesD.cheese(3).Carotene is present in all of the following EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.tomatoesB.carrotsC.squashD.butter(4).Among the groups studied, who had the most c
45、ases of lung cancer?（分数：2.00）A.Those with the lowest level of carotene intake.B.Those with the highest level of carotene intake.C.Those who ate only foods containing carotene.D.Those with the lowest intake of carrots.(5).What is needed to establish firmly the link between carotene and lung cancer?（分
46、数：2.00）A.Further study.B.More money.C.More cases of lung cancer.D.More people willing to eat carrots.Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chem
47、ical taken by drug addicts. They dont realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase substance abuse is often used instead of drug abuse to make clear that substance
48、s such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First
