1、医学博士外语模拟试卷 57 及答案解析(总分：182.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Comp(总题数：8，分数：60.00)1.Section A_A.Melanie didnt wear the coat because she doesnt like red.B.Melanie is allergic to wool.C.Melanie wore the coat but broke out in a rash.D.Melanie couldnt wear the coat because she was in a rush.A.Hip fracture.B
2、.Pain in the right of his head.C.Not knowing when the pain comes.D.Unable to point out the painful area.A.He has just recovered from the flu.B.He wont be able to go to the play.C.He heard that the play isnt very good.D.He has already seen the play.A.Nothing but water.B.Tylenol.C.Aspirin.D.Ginger tea
3、.A.Tennis players often injure their backs.B.She hadnt heard about the mans problem.C.The man should have seen the doctor.D.She II check the mans schedule as soon as possible.A.It depends on the wife.B.It depends on the husband.C.It is uncertain.D.She does not want to give voice to her opinion.A.Pos
4、itive.B.Cautious.C.Supportive.D.Negative.A.Harry acquired the diamond ring from a relative.B.Harry spent all his money on the diamond ring.C.The diamond ring is very expensive.D.Harry s girlfriend is fortunate in having the diamond ring.A.A Customs officer.B.An Immigration and Naturalization Departm
5、ent officer.C.An Army officer.D.A Visa officer.A.She has to receive training first.B.Thats her choice to do what she wants.C.She should do so after consulting her husband.D.She becomes an extreme feminist.A.Hell get a good grade because he didnt use Internet sources.B.He II probably do badly on the
6、paper since he used many Internet sources.C.He II get good marks because he used Internet sources.D.He wonders how much he II be deducted on his paper for not using Internet sources.A.The woman feels rather terrible.B.The woman had an operation.C.The woman has a serious illness.D.The woman wants to
7、go to the hospital.A.More doctors should be doing research.B.He is studying to be a doctor.C.An important new medical treatment may be available soon.D.He has already tried the new medicine.A.The doctor can see the man this week.B.Appointments must be made two weeks in advance.C.The man should call
8、back on Friday.D.The doctor cancelled his appointments on Friday.A.The man.B.Too little sleep.C.A hat.D.The sun.2.Section B_A.The anatomy of sea cucumbers.B.How sea cucumbers protect themselves.C.How to catch a sea cucumber.D.The history of sea cucumbers.A.By expelling its organs.B.By moving quickly
9、.C.By organizing itself.D.By hiding itself.A.There were too many organs in the sea cucumber.B.He didn t understand why another animal would want to eat the sea cucumber.C.He didnt understand what defense meant.D.He didn t think it made sense to lose organs to protect the body.A.It spit up its organs
10、.B.It lives on the bottom of the sea.C.Its organs grow back quickly.D.It has no spinal column.A.They can cut themselves in half and survive.B.They are spinal animals and thus need very little for life.C.They give up their internal organs to confuse their attacker.D.Their organs are easy to grow back
11、.A.Use the heart-valve taken from a dead person to repair it.B.Put in pieces of man-made heart-valve to make it normal.C.Replace it with another heart taken from a dead person.D.Get it repaired with a really strong pump.A.An animals body.B.Another person who has just died.C.A person who has more vei
12、ns than he really needs.D.The patients own body.A.They can operate the heart-lung machine.B.They have designed the heart-lung machine.C.They can make the blood continue to flow round the body.D.They do the Work of both the heart and the lung.A.The machine keeps the blood warm enough.B.The machine pu
13、shes the blood back into the vessels.C.The machine works very gently.D.The heart is empty of blood.A.His heart and lungs are badly damaged.B.His blood cells are seriously damaged.C.He is not breathing and his heart is not beating.D.His heart and lungs have stopped working.A.How birds learn to build
14、nests.B.Why birds lay eggs.C.How birds nests have evolved.D.Why some birds nests are considered primitive.A.Their flying ability improved greatly.B.They became warm-blooded.C.They began to lay eggs.D.They changed their migration patterns.A.On the ground.B.In cold places.C.On the highest branches of
15、trees.D.Inside tree trunks.A.A primitive type of nest.B.An elevated nest.C.A typical cup-shaped nest.D.A nest of twigs and branches.A.To avoid predators.B.To expose the eggs to stronger sunlight.C.To have a better view of predators.D.To save labor.二、Part Vocabulary(总题数：22，分数：40.00)3.Section A_4.We t
16、end to notice the times that something remarkable occurred, while ignoring all the time_that nothing remarkable happened.（分数：2.00）A.intentionallyB.distinctivelyC.subconsciouslyD.potentially5.That critic s writing is so obscure and dense that upon first reading, one finds its_ hard to penetrate.（分数：2
17、.00）A.brevityB.rigidityC.harmonyD.opacity6.To avoid being_, composer Stephen strives for an element of surprise in his songs.（分数：2.00）A.erraticB.elaborateC.predictableD.idiosyncratic7.Because the pandas had already been weakened by disease and drought, a harsh winter would have had_consequences for
18、them.（分数：2.00）A.preventiveB.regressiveC.catastrophicD.moderate8.The_of emotional and psychiatric disorders that can prompt a person to seek therapy is wide.（分数：2.00）A.formulaB.coverageC.intervalD.spectrum9.HIV and AIDS may threaten the fundamental values of society, and any attempt to deal with them
19、 presents a_challenge.（分数：2.00）A.formidableB.fatalC.favorableD.fantastic10.Kelleys publicists abruptly_a planned seven-city publicity tour, announcing that their “publishing objectives have been accomplished“.（分数：2.00）A.called offB.called downC.called upD.called for11.Crowding as an environmental va
20、riable is only beginning to be seriously examined and the data so far is_.（分数：2.00）A.informativeB.inconclusiveC.inconspicuousD.indisputable12.During the sterilization process which follows, the cans are_to steam or boiling water with the temperature and duration varying according to the type of food
21、.（分数：2.00）A.proportionalB.subjectedC.susceptibleD.liable13.In some physical illnesses emotional factors may be the major_elements.（分数：2.00）A.interactingB.composingC.relatingD.contributing14.Section B_15.Much of what we know about the subject on a hypothetical level can be traced to Dr. Calhoun.（分数：2
22、.00）A.meditativeB.presumptiveC.thoughtfulD.deceptive16.We have available to us many different ways to fulfill our nutritional needs.（分数：2.00）A.satisfyB.acquireC.affordD.standardize17.Obesity is a condition perpetuated by a diversity of factors.（分数：2.00）A.causedB.sustainedC.modulatedD.modified18.Aban
23、don fad diets and heed your bodys hunger cues.（分数：2.00）A.play downB.put up withC.give attention toD.get rid of19.Health is an economic and political asset .（分数：2.00）A.wealthB.essenceC.enterpriseD.issue20.The controversial tax fueled a sustained wrath that could not be quelled by the Prime Ministers
24、impassioned speeches.（分数：2.00）A.fortifiedB.fosteredC.resembledD.suppressed21.With few symptoms and signs to depend on for the diagnosis, the interns make much of past history of patient.（分数：2.00）A.take advantage ofB.write in detailC.request carefullyD.attach importance to22.The doctor vacillated so
25、frequently on disease-prevention techniques that his colleagues accused him of inconsistency.（分数：2.00）A.waveredB.instigatedC.experimentedD.relied23.Predictably, detail-oriented workers are adept at keeping track of the myriad particulars of a situation in a surgical operation.（分数：2.00）A.accomplished
26、 atB.humorous aboutC.hesitant aboutD.contemptuous of24.Riboflavin helps the body obtain energy from carbohydrates and protein substances .（分数：2.00）A.rootsB.flavoursC.powersD.material三、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Visual impairment carries with【C1】_ ability to travel through ones physical and social unt
27、il adequate orientation and mobility skills have been established. Because observational skills are more limited, self-control within the immediate surroundings is limited. The visually impaired person is less able to anticipate【C2】_ situations or obstacles to avoid. Orientation refers to the【C3】_ m
28、ap one has of ones surroundings and to the relationship between self and that environment. It is best generated by moving through the environment and【C4】_ together relationships, object by object, in an organized approach. With【C5】_ visual feedback to reinforce this map, a visually impaired person m
29、ust rely on memory for key landmarks and other clues, which enable visually impaired persons to【C6】_ their position in space. Mobility is the ability to travel safely and efficiently from one point to another within ones physical and social environment. Good orientation skills are necessary to good
30、mobility skills. Once visually impaired students learn to travel safely as pedestrians (行人), they also need to learn to use public transportation to become as【C7】_ as possible. To meet the【C8】_ demands of the visually impaired person, there is a sequence instruction that begins during the preschool
31、years and may continue after high schools. Many visually impaired children lack adequate concepts regarding time and space or objects and events in their environment. During the early years much attention is focused on the development of some fundamental【C9】_ , such as inside or outside, in front of
32、 or behind, fast or slow, which are essential to safe,【C10】_ travel through familiar and unfamiliar settings.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.complexB.vitalC.restrictedD.remarkable(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.varyingB.difficultC.hazardousD.distressful(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.mentalB.visualC.graphicD.demographic(4).【C4】
33、（分数：2.00）A.puttingB.gettingC.reinforcingD.piecing(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.fewB.littleC.muchD.inadequate(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.testifyB.affirmC.identifyD.certify(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.flexibleB.independentC.frequentD.skillful(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.expandingB.extendingC.continualD.desperate(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.behaviorsB
34、.conceptsC.awarenessD.memory(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.comfortableB.effectiveC.efficientD.efficacious四、Part Reading Compre(总题数：6，分数：60.00)Any scientist who is not a hypocrite will admit the important part that luck plays in scientific discovery. Our estimate of the importance of luck is inherently biased:
35、 we know when we benefit from luck, but in the nature of things cannot assess how often bad luck deprives us of the chance of making what might have been an important discovery. A colleague and I carried out an experiment in which little tissue fragments, which were very difficult to work with, were
36、 injected into mice of different strains. If we had been more experienced, we would have injected only white blood cells (which would have been easier to handle) into the mice. We now know that if we had done this, we would not have discovered actively acquired tolerance because the grafts would hav
37、e in effect rejected their hosts. Obviously, we were lucky, but our scientific training enabled us to recognize the significance of the accident. I think, therefore, that there was no need for the distinguished neu-rophysiologist Hodgkin to refer to his “feeling of guilt about suppressing the part w
38、hich chance and good fortune played in what now seems to be a rather logical development.“ It might nevertheless seem as if luck plays a dominant role in scientific discovery. I would like to challenge this view for the following reasons; we sometimes describe as “lucky“ a person who wins a prize in
39、 a lottery at long odds; but if we describe the accidental discovery on a park bench of a lottery ticket that turns out to be the winning one? The two cases are quite different. A person who buys a lottery ticket is putting himself or herself in the way of winning a prize. This individual has, so to
40、 speak, purchased candidacy for such a turn of events and all the rest is a matter of mathematical probabilities. So it is with scientists. A scientist is anyone who, by observations and experiments conducted, by the literature read, and even by the company kept, puts himself or herself in the way o
41、f making a discovery. These individuals, by deliberate action, have enormously enlarged their awarenesstheir candidacy for good fortuneand will not take into account evidence of a kind that a beginner or a casual observer would probably overlook or misinterpret. I honestly do not think that blind lu
42、ck of the kind enjoyed by someone who finds a winning lottery ticket for which he or she has not paid plays an important part in science or that many important discoveries arise from the casual intersection of two lines. Nearly all successful scientists have emphasized the importance of preparedness
43、 of mind, and I want to emphasize that this preparedness of mind is worked for and paid for by a great deal of exertion and reflection. If these exertions lead to a discovery, then I think it would be inappropriate to credit such a discovery to luck.（分数：10.00）(1).The outcome of the experiment descri
44、bed in Lines 1 -4 (Para.2) suggests that_.（分数：2.00）A.luck worked against the scientists at firstB.the injection of only white blood cells into the mice allowed the two scientists to make the discoveryC.the mice represented the perfect animals on which to conduct the experimentD.the scientists involv
45、ed were able to capitalize on luck(2).The word “deliberate“ (Line 5, Para.4)is closest to _in meaning.（分数：2.00）A.cunningB.compellingC.cautiousD.intentional(3).The author implies that a scientist achieves “candidacy for good fortune“ (Line 6, Para. 4) by_.（分数：2.00）A.making careful and repeated mathem
46、atical calculationsB.playing hunches rather than depending on researchC.performing enough experiments to increase the statistical probability of successD.obtaining knowledge that allows him or her to recognize important evidence(4).The meaning of the phrase “casual intersection of two lines“ (Last s
47、entence, Para. 4) is most clearly conveyed by which of the following?（分数：2.00）A.Informal kinds of experiments.B.Two detailed plans.C.Geometrically precise experiments.D.Unanticipated coincidence.(5).The primary purpose of the passage is to_.（分数：2.00）A.delineate a single definition of luckB.show that
48、 scientists discover what they intend to findC.compare science to a gameD.share the pleasure in making scientific discoveriesEdna was not in the least surprised by my offer. I hitched the traveling-can containing the food on to the carrier. I didnt want to ride on the rough approach to the house so I rolled the bicycle the short distance from the house to the mad while Edna walked bes
