1、哈尔滨医科大学 2001 级组织学与胚胎学期末考试试题及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Select subject(总题数：30，分数：21.00)1.Which one of the following statements about epithelia is FALSE? （分数：0.70）A.They are polarizedB.They are vascularC.They are separated from underlying connective tissue by a basal laminaD.They contain only a small
2、amount of intercellular substanceE.They line the lumen of blood vessels2.All of the following cells arise from cells arise from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells within connective tissue and remain there permanently EXCEPT？ （分数：0.70）A.pericytesB.eosinophilsC.fibrolastsD.osteoblastsE.adipocytes3.Whi
3、ch one of the following cells arises from monocytes? （分数：0.70）A.Plasma cellB.FibroblastsC.LymphocytesD.MacrophagesE.Mast cell4Energy production in mature erythrocytes is accomplished by which one of the following? （分数：0.70）A.Glycolytic pathwayB.MitochondriaC.Electron transport systemD.Citric acid cy
4、cle (Krebs cycle)E.Golgi complex5.Which one of the following statements regarding osteocytes is FALSE? （分数：0.70）A.They communicate with each other via haversian canalsB.They live for a long timeC.They possess long cytoplasmic processesD.They are housed in their own lacunaeE.Osteocytes communicate wi
5、th each other via narrow cytoplasmic processes that extend through canaliculi.6.Which one of the following statements regarding cartilage is FALSE? （分数：0.70）A.Its growth rate is increased by testosterone and thyroxineB.Its growth rate is decreased by cortisone and estradiolC.Fibrocartilage is the ca
6、rtilage model in endochondral bone formationD.The matrix of elastic cartilage is identical to that of hyaline cartilage except that it contains elastic fibersE.Hyaline cartilage is the cartilage model associated with endochondral bone formation.7.Which of the following statements concerning mature s
7、keletal muscle is FALSE ? （分数：0.70）A.The cells are multinucleatedB.A sarcomere is the region between two successive Z disksC.The nuclei are centrally locatedD.Myofidrils display a characteristic crossbanding patternE.Actin, myosin, troponin, and tropomyosin are present8.The axon hillock contains （分数
8、：0.70）A.rough endoplasmic reticulumB.ribosomesC.microtubulesD.Golgi complexE.synaptic vesicles9.Which of the following statements concerning the epicardium is TRUE? （分数：0.70）A.It is continuous with the endocardiumB.It is the visceral pericardiumC.It possesses modified cardiac muscle cellsD.It functi
9、ons to increase intraventricular pressureE.It possesses cardiac muscle cells10.Which of the following cell types is present in the gastric glands of the pyloric stomach? （分数：0.70）A.Goblet cellsB.Mucous neck cellsC.Paneth cellsD.Basal cellsE.Chief cells11.All of the following material can be absorbed
10、 directly by the surface absorptive cell of the intestines EXCEPT （分数：0.70）A.waterB.monosaccharideC.free fatty acidsD.ionsE.small peptides12.Which of the following statements concerning the pancreas is FALSE? （分数：0.70）A.It possesses islets of LangerhansB.It possess serous demilunesC.It contains more
11、 beta cells than alpha cellsD.It exhibits large, electron-lucent granules in its S cells.E.Its acinar cells contain a round nucleus13.Which of the following statements concerning liver sinusoids is TRUE? （分数：0.70）A.They are continuous with bile canaliculiB.They are surrounded by a well developed bas
12、al laminaC.They are lined by nonfenestrated endothelial cellsD.They deliver blood to the central veinE.They deliver blood to portal vein14.Circulating antibodies are synthesized and secreted by which of the following cells? （分数：0.70）A.T memory cellsB.B memory cellsC.T helper cellsD.Plasma cellsE.T c
13、ytotoxic cells15.Which of the following statements concerning adrenal parenchymal cells is TRUE? （分数：0.70）A.Those of the zona fasciculate produce androgensB.Those of the adrenal medulla produce epinephrine and norepinephrineC.Those of the zona glomerulosa produce glucocorticoidsD.Those of the cortex
14、 contain numerous secretory granulesE.Those of the adrenal medulla produce glucocorticoids16.The blood-gas barrier in alveoli may include each of the following EXCEPT? （分数：0.70）A.cytoplasm of a type pneumocyteB.basal lamina of type alveolar cellsC.cytoplasm of a type pneumocyteD.endothelium of a con
15、tinuous capillaryE.basal lamina of an endothelial cell17.Which of the following statements about Langerhans cells is TRUE? （分数：0.70）A.They commonly are found in the dermisB.They function as sensory mechanoreceptorsC.They function as receptors for coldD.They play an immunologic role in the skinE.They
16、 are of epithelial origin18.Renal filtration barrier consists of all of the following components EXCEPT （分数：0.70）A.The fenestrated endothelium of the glomerular capillariesB.The basal laminaC.The filtration slits with diaphragms between pedicelsD.Medullary raysE.Renal capsule19. A nephron includes a
17、ll of the following components EXCEPT （分数：0.70）A.A renal corpuscleB.A distal convoluted tubuleC.A thin limb of the loop of HenleD.A collecting tubuleE.Pars recta of the proximal tubule20.All of the following cell types are found in the brain EXCEPT （分数：0.70）A.Purkinje cellsB.Stellate cellsC.Schwann
18、cellsD.Small granule cellsE.Pyramidal cells21.Seminiferous tubules contain all of the following components EXCEPT （分数：0.70）A.Sertoli cellsB.SpermatocytesC.A fibrous connective tissue tunicD.Skeletal muscle in their tunica propriaE.A germinal epithelium22.Which of the following statements concerning
19、secondary ovarian follicles is TRUE? （分数：0.70）A.They lack liquor folliculiB.They contain a secondary oocyteC.Their continued maturation requires FSHD.They lack a theca externaE.They have a single layer of cuboidal follicular cells surrounding the oocyte23.Prolactin is synthesized and secreted by whi
20、ch of the following cells? （分数：0.70）A.Acidophils in the pars distailsB.Basophils in the pars tuberalisC.Somatotrophs in the pars distalisD.Basophils in the pars intermediaE.Chief cell24.In which of the following sites do lymphocytes become immunocompetent? （分数：0.70）A.Germinal center of secondary lym
21、phoid nodulesB.White pulp of the spleenC.Thymus cortexD.Red pulp of the spleenE.Paracortex of lymph nodes25.Which of the following statements is NOT the process of the tissue preparation? （分数：0.70）A.FixationB.DehydrationC.EmbedmentD.Cover slipE.Microscope26.Which one of the following statements abou
22、t stratified squamous epithelium is FALSE? （分数：0.70）A.The surface layer of cells may be keratinizedB.The cells in its most superficial layer are cuboidalC.It is supported by a basal laminaD.Its cells possess desmosomesE.Stratified squamous epithelium is characterized by flattened cells in its superf
23、icial layer.27.Of the following cell types found in connective tissue, which is most often present along capillaries and resembles fibroblasts? （分数：0.70）A.Plasma cellB.LymphocyteC.MacrophageD.PericyteE.Mast cells28. Which of the following are present in elastic arteries but are NOT seen in muscular
24、arteries? （分数：0.70）A.Elastic fibersB.Factor C.Fenestrated membranesD.External elastic laminaE.Basement membrane29.Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produced by which of the following cells? （分数：0.70）A.Chromophobes in the pars distalisB.Neurosecretory cells in the median eminenceC.Acidophils in t
25、he pars distalisD.Neurons of the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamusE.None of the above30.Whih of the following statements regarding the cerebrospinal fluid is FALSE? （分数：0.70）A.It is secreted by the choroids plexusB.It bathes and nourishes the brain and spinal cordC.It is composed mostly of
26、 protein with little sodium and potassiumD.It is resorbed by arachnoid villiE.Blockage of its pathway leads to hydrocephalus二、填空题（100(总题数：2，分数：5.00)31. 毛细血管在电镜下分为 1、 2、 3，其三个基本功能是 4、 5、 6。 （分数：3.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_32.气血屏障由 1、 2、 3 和 4 构成。（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_三、论述题（24 分）(总题数：5，分数
27、：24.00)33. 食入的蛋白质在小肠内分解为氨基酸后经小肠哪些结构进入血液，然后经何途径入肝？ 入肝后又经过哪些结构进入肝细胞？ （5 分）（分数：5.00）_34.试述化学突触的结构（包括超微结构）。（5 分）（分数：5.00）_35.何为子宫内膜的月经周期？分泌期子宫内膜内基质细胞是如何分化的？（4 分）（分数：4.00）_36.试述粗、细肌丝的分子结构特点。（5 分） （分数：5.00）_37.试述淋巴结的结构与功能。（5 分）（分数：5.00）_四、胚胎题（10 分）(总题数：3，分数：10.00)38.填图(Fill the blank of embryonic picture)
28、（50.5=2.5 分） （分数：2.50）_39.解释下列胚层来源（50.5=2.5 分） 毛 心肌 输精管 食管上皮 小脑 （分数：2.50）_40.解释畸形（5 分） （1）腭裂(cleft lip)（1 分） （2）马蹄肾(horseshoe kidney) （1 分） （3）隐睾（cryptorchidism）（1 分） （4）房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect) （2 分） （分数：5.00）_哈尔滨医科大学 2001 级组织学与胚胎学期末考试试题答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Select subject(总题数：30，分数：21.00)1
29、.Which one of the following statements about epithelia is FALSE? （分数：0.70）A.They are polarizedB.They are vascular C.They are separated from underlying connective tissue by a basal laminaD.They contain only a small amount of intercellular substanceE.They line the lumen of blood vessels解析：2.All of the
30、 following cells arise from cells arise from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells within connective tissue and remain there permanently EXCEPT？ （分数：0.70）A.pericytesB.eosinophils C.fibrolastsD.osteoblastsE.adipocytes解析：3.Which one of the following cells arises from monocytes? （分数：0.70）A.Plasma cellB.Fi
31、broblastsC.LymphocytesD.Macrophages E.Mast cell解析：4Energy production in mature erythrocytes is accomplished by which one of the following? （分数：0.70）A.Glycolytic pathway B.MitochondriaC.Electron transport systemD.Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)E.Golgi complex解析：5.Which one of the following statements
32、 regarding osteocytes is FALSE? （分数：0.70）A.They communicate with each other via haversian canals B.They live for a long timeC.They possess long cytoplasmic processesD.They are housed in their own lacunaeE.Osteocytes communicate with each other via narrow cytoplasmic processes that extend through can
33、aliculi.解析：6.Which one of the following statements regarding cartilage is FALSE? （分数：0.70）A.Its growth rate is increased by testosterone and thyroxineB.Its growth rate is decreased by cortisone and estradiolC.Fibrocartilage is the cartilage model in endochondral bone formation D.The matrix of elasti
34、c cartilage is identical to that of hyaline cartilage except that it contains elastic fibersE.Hyaline cartilage is the cartilage model associated with endochondral bone formation.解析：7.Which of the following statements concerning mature skeletal muscle is FALSE ? （分数：0.70）A.The cells are multinucleat
35、edB.A sarcomere is the region between two successive Z disksC.The nuclei are centrally located D.Myofidrils display a characteristic crossbanding patternE.Actin, myosin, troponin, and tropomyosin are present解析：8.The axon hillock contains （分数：0.70）A.rough endoplasmic reticulumB.ribosomesC.microtubule
36、s D.Golgi complexE.synaptic vesicles解析：9.Which of the following statements concerning the epicardium is TRUE? （分数：0.70）A.It is continuous with the endocardiumB.It is the visceral pericardium C.It possesses modified cardiac muscle cellsD.It functions to increase intraventricular pressureE.It possesse
37、s cardiac muscle cells解析：10.Which of the following cell types is present in the gastric glands of the pyloric stomach? （分数：0.70）A.Goblet cellsB.Mucous neck cells C.Paneth cellsD.Basal cellsE.Chief cells解析：11.All of the following material can be absorbed directly by the surface absorptive cell of the
38、 intestines EXCEPT （分数：0.70）A.waterB.monosaccharideC.free fatty acids D.ionsE.small peptides解析：12.Which of the following statements concerning the pancreas is FALSE? （分数：0.70）A.It possesses islets of LangerhansB.It possess serous demilunes C.It contains more beta cells than alpha cellsD.It exhibits
39、large, electron-lucent granules in its S cells.E.Its acinar cells contain a round nucleus解析：13.Which of the following statements concerning liver sinusoids is TRUE? （分数：0.70）A.They are continuous with bile canaliculiB.They are surrounded by a well developed basal laminaC.They are lined by nonfenestr
40、ated endothelial cellsD.They deliver blood to the central vein E.They deliver blood to portal vein解析：14.Circulating antibodies are synthesized and secreted by which of the following cells? （分数：0.70）A.T memory cellsB.B memory cellsC.T helper cellsD.Plasma cells E.T cytotoxic cells解析：15.Which of the f
41、ollowing statements concerning adrenal parenchymal cells is TRUE? （分数：0.70）A.Those of the zona fasciculate produce androgensB.Those of the adrenal medulla produce epinephrine and norepinephrine C.Those of the zona glomerulosa produce glucocorticoidsD.Those of the cortex contain numerous secretory gr
42、anulesE.Those of the adrenal medulla produce glucocorticoids解析：16.The blood-gas barrier in alveoli may include each of the following EXCEPT? （分数：0.70）A.cytoplasm of a type pneumocyte B.basal lamina of type alveolar cellsC.cytoplasm of a type pneumocyteD.endothelium of a continuous capillaryE.basal l
43、amina of an endothelial cell解析：17.Which of the following statements about Langerhans cells is TRUE? （分数：0.70）A.They commonly are found in the dermisB.They function as sensory mechanoreceptorsC.They function as receptors for coldD.They play an immunologic role in the skin E.They are of epithelial ori
44、gin解析：18.Renal filtration barrier consists of all of the following components EXCEPT （分数：0.70）A.The fenestrated endothelium of the glomerular capillariesB.The basal laminaC.The filtration slits with diaphragms between pedicelsD.Medullary rays E.Renal capsule解析：19. A nephron includes all of the follo
45、wing components EXCEPT （分数：0.70）A.A renal corpuscleB.A distal convoluted tubuleC.A thin limb of the loop of HenleD.A collecting tubule E.Pars recta of the proximal tubule解析：20.All of the following cell types are found in the brain EXCEPT （分数：0.70）A.Purkinje cellsB.Stellate cellsC.Schwann cells D.Sma
46、ll granule cellsE.Pyramidal cells解析：21.Seminiferous tubules contain all of the following components EXCEPT （分数：0.70）A.Sertoli cellsB.SpermatocytesC.A fibrous connective tissue tunicD.Skeletal muscle in their tunica propria E.A germinal epithelium解析：22.Which of the following statements concerning sec
47、ondary ovarian follicles is TRUE? （分数：0.70）A.They lack liquor folliculiB.They contain a secondary oocyteC.Their continued maturation requires FSHD.They lack a theca externa E.They have a single layer of cuboidal follicular cells surrounding the oocyte解析：23.Prolactin is synthesized and secreted by which of the following cell
