1、职称英语综合类 C 级分类模拟 9 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、概括大意与完成句子(总题数：7，分数：100.00)Ceding to Wear TiesIt“s useless. It“s dirty. It spreads disease. That“s why the British Medical Association in the UK recently called for hospital doctors to stop wearing ties. That leads to another question. Why does anyone we
2、ar a tie? Ties serve no purpose. They do not cover any part of your body and keep you warm. They always seem to get covered in food stains. Perhaps that is the purpose of the tie. It lets everyone know what you just ate. Ties have an odd history. Soldiers from Croatia, in Eastern Europe, served as m
3、ercenaries (雇佣军) in various conflicts in the 17th century. They were identified by brightly colored pieces of silk worn around the neck. Known as cravats (围巾), these became a popular fashion item in France and eventually evolved into the tie. It“s an interesting story, but it doesn“t tell us why men
4、 want to put useless pieces of cloth or silk around their necks. The answer seems to be about identification (身份证明). In the 19th-century Britain, ties were used by universities, military regiments (团), sports clubs, schools and gentleman“s clubs. Each tie was in a particular set of colors which iden
5、tified the wearer as a member of that organization. Wearing ties was also the mark of Britain“s most powerful classes. That made the tie itself a symbol of power and respect. And that led it to be adopted by a much larger classthe business class. You cannot wear a tie if you work with machinery, so
6、wearing a tie became a sign that you were a man who used his brain to make a living, rather than his hands. It showed you were serious. It showed you were a professional. It meant that everyone who wanted a job in business had to wear one. It was just impossible to take seriously a man who did not w
7、ear a piece of colored silk around his neck. This is how millions of people came to wear ties across the world. Is there a future for ties? The signs are not promising. Many political leaders, including British Prime Minister Tony Blair, now go without ties.（分数：12.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1. A. Origin of
8、the tie B. British ties C. Uselessness of the tie D. Old-fashioned ties E. Role of the tie F. Signs of a tieless era（分数：1.50）(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.50）(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.50）(4).Paragraph 6 1.（分数：1.50）(5).The British Medical Association suggested that 1. A. they were workmen B. they were member
9、s of different organizations C. hospital doctors stop wearing ties D. who does not always wear a tie E. who served as mercenaries in many conflicts in the 17th century F. who does not want to live like a king（分数：1.50）(6).Ties were first worn by the Croatian soldiers 1.（分数：1.50）(7).People wore differ
10、ent ties in Britain in the 19th century to show that 1.（分数：1.50）(8).British Prime Minister Tony Blair is a man 1.（分数：1.50）RobotsThe most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly c
11、omputer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe. Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assemblin
12、g components. In Britain robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties
13、of introducing them effectively. It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job. It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a t
14、hird of all material published in Japan. The reliability of robots is measured in their MTBF or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increase
15、d reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample. The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. One programmed robots can work more accurately and consisten
16、tly than humans, who can get tired and bored.（分数：12.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1. A. Ongoing Research B. Extension of Use C. Robot Heroes D. Greater Reliability E. Falling Demand F. Hidden Danger（分数：1.50）(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.50）(3).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.50）(4).Paragraph 6 1.（分数：1.50）(5).Even the most sophi
17、sticated Japanese robots are 1. A. too much energy B. based on American designs C. they are too costly D. they are not reliable E. quality control F. free of charge（分数：1.50）(6).Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because 1.（分数：1.50）(7).One disadvantage of using robots is that they consum
18、e 1.（分数：1.50）(8).The use of robots increases 1.（分数：1.50）TV Will Better the WorldForget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed, for many of the poorest regions (地区) of the world, it remains the next big thingfinally becomes globally
19、 available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better. Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%. That is some way behind the U.S., where there are more TVs than people, and where people n
20、ow easily get access to the Internet. Five million more families in Sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005, after the fall of the Taliban (塔利班), which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013pushing the numbers to well beyon
21、d two thirds of families. Television“s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women. In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that when TVs reached villages, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands“ approval and less likely to want a boy rather than a
22、 girl. They were more likely to make decisions over child health care. TV is also a powerful medium for adult education. In the Indian state of Gujarat, Chitrageet is a popular show that plays Bollywood songs with words in Gujarati on the screen. Within six months, viewers had made a small but signi
23、ficant (有意义的) improvement in their reading skills. Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide.（分数：12.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1. A. Internet B. The most influential medium in the world C. TV“s infl
24、uence on women D. TV“s influence on adult education E. The advantage of TV F. The increasing number of TVs（分数：1.50）(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：1.50）(3).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.50）(4).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.50）(5).In the poorest areas of the world, the most important medium is 1. A. Twitter and Facebook B. women
25、in India liked TV more than men C. 60 percent D. women in India were more likely to make decisions by themselves E. television F. improve their reading skills（分数：1.50）(6).By 2005, families owning a TV in developing world had taken up 1.（分数：1.50）(7).Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that 1.（分数：1.50
26、）(8).According to a research in Gujarat, India, TV can help viewers 1.（分数：1.50）To Be an IchthyologistAn ichthyologist (鱼类学家) is a scientist who studies fish. Most people who do this love their work because it is very rewarding and varied. They work not only inside a laboratory, but also outside in f
27、ield. Fieldwork includes traveling to rivers and lakes in order to collect information about specimens (样本). Reading, writing and speaking are also very important to the job. Fish scientists need to read the research of other scientists. They must be able to write up their research paper clearly so
28、that others can follow it. They also need to be able to give lectures about their findings, so that they can spread knowledge. Ichthyologists who wish to specialize can choose any one of three areas of study. The first area is aquaculture (水产养殖). This involves the study and practice of fish farming
29、and managing. Because it is a rather new study, there are very few job opportunities available. However, as there is so much to dig in, many think it is an exciting area for a new ichthyologist to enter. The second area is fisheries science, which means working with a team of scientists to find out
30、most about different fish species. The third is about the protection of natural fish populations. This is important today, given that many fish are in danger of dying out because of the actions of human beings. To become a successful scientist, you need to have a curious mind and be able to work on
31、your own. You also need to be able to handle equipment and perform experiments; but most importantly, you must love fish. To become an ichthyologist, you will need to stay at a university to pass a Bacherlor of Science degree. For this, you will need to be good at maths, physical science and biology
32、. Then, you will need to study for another year to complete an honours degree in ichthyology. This honours degree contains coursework about all aspects of fish. You also need to complete a research paper.（分数：16.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1. A. Scientists who love fish B. Skills needed for being an ichthyolo
33、gist C. Three subdivided areas of study D. An introduction of the ichthyologist E. The protection of natural fish F. Qualities required for being an ichthyologist（分数：2.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：2.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：2.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：2.00）(5).Ichthyologists travel to rivers and lakes in
34、 order to 1. A. maths, physical science and biology B. have some fun C. collect specimens D. being captured by human beings E. writing research papers F. spread knowledge about fish（分数：2.00）(6).Ichthyologists must be able to give lectures so as to 1.（分数：2.00）(7).Many fish are on the edge of dying ou
35、t because of 1.（分数：2.00）(8).To become an ichthyologist, you will need to be good at 1.（分数：2.00）Listening to UnderstandWhen difficult people express themselves orally, they generally want at least two things: they“ve been heard and they“ve been understood. As a good communicator should be a good list
36、ener, five steps are advocated toward good listening. The first step is cooperating (合作). How does a difficult person know that you“re listening and understanding? In fact, it“s through the way you look while he is talking. You may help him to fully express his thoughts and feelings. You do this by
37、nodding your head in agreement, making certain sounds of understanding. When the person begins to repeat what“s been said, it“s a signal of step two: turning back. It means that you repeat back some words he is using, sending a clear signal that you“re listening carefully and that you think what he
38、is saying is important. Having heard what he has said, the next step is clarifying. At this point, you start to gather information about what is being communicated. Ask some open-ended questions, which will allow you to figure out what intention he is hoping to satisfy. The fourth step is to summari
39、ze (概括) what you“ve heard. This allows you to make sure that both you and the difficult person are on the same page. When you do this, two things happen. First, if you“ve shown that you“re making an effort to understand completely. This increases the possibility of gaining cooperation from him. Havi
40、ng listened carefully, you“ve now arrived at the point of confirming with the person that he feels that his thoughts have been fully voiced. Ask if he feels understood. When enough sincere listening, questioning, and remembering are brought together, understanding is usually achieved and a difficult
41、 person becomes less difficult and more cooperative.（分数：16.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1. A. Feedback B. Listening C. Clarification D. Cooperation E. Summarizing F. Understanding（分数：2.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：2.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：2.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：2.00）(5).Two things difficult people want duri
42、ng the conversation are 1. A. nodding your heads to show your agreement B. listening and understanding C. questioning and remembering D. figure out the intention of the difficult person E. friendship between people F. understanding is achieved（分数：2.00）(6).You can help difficult people express their
43、thoughts by 1.（分数：2.00）(7).By asking some open-ended questions, you can 1.（分数：2.00）(8).A difficult person can become less difficult when 1.（分数：2.00）Verne“s Accurate Preview of the FutureSince the beginning of time, man has been interested in the moon. The Romans designed a special day to show admira
44、tion and respect to the moon. They called it “Moon-day“, or “Monday“, as we know it today. Later, the great mind of Leonardo da Vinci studied the moon and designed a machine to carry a human to the moon. Leonardo said that one day a great machine bird would take a person to the moon and bring great
45、honour to the home where it was born. Four and a half centuries later, Leonardo“s idea was realized. Apollo took three Americans Collins, Aldrin, and Armstrong to the moon. The mission (任务) did fill the whole world with great surprise, as Leonardo had said it would. Numerous essays, articles, and bo
46、oks were written about man“s first moon mission. But perhaps the most interesting story was one written before the event over 100 years before. In 1865, French author Jules Verne wrote a story about the first journey to the moon. His story was very similar to the 1969 Apollo mission. Verne“s spacecr
47、aft also contained three mentwo Americans and a Frenchman. The spacecraft was described as being almost the same size as Apollo . The launch (发射) site in Verne“s story was also in Florida. The spacecraft in Verne“s story was named the “Columbiad“. The Apollo command ship was called “Columbia“. His a
48、ccount of sending the spacecraft into the space could easily have been written about how Apollo was sent into the space. Verne“s story was the same as the actual event in several other respects. The speed of Verne“s spacecraft was 36,000 feet per second; Apollo“s was 35,533 feet per second. Verne“s
49、spacecraft took 97 hours to reach the moon; Apollo“s time was 103 hours. Like Apollo“s spacemen, Verne“s spacemen took pictures of the moon“s surface, relaxed on their seats, cooked with gas, and experienced weightlessness. They too came down in the Pacific and were picked up by an American warship. What were the reasons for Jules Verne“s extreme accuracy in describing an event 100 years or more before it actually occurred? He based his writings on the laws of physics and astronomy (天文学). Nineteenth-century science and the vivid Verne“s imagination gave people an unbelievably accu
