1、专业英语八级10及答案解析 (总分：77.00，做题时间：120分钟)一、PART I LISTENING (总题数：1，分数：1.00)1. Skill to ask questions 1) be aware of the human nature:readiness to answer others questions regardless of (1) 1 2) start a conversation with some personal but unharmful questions e.g. questions about ones (2) 2 job questions abo
2、ut ones activities in the (3) 3 3) be able to spot signals for further talk 2. Skill to (4) 4 for answers 1) dont shift from subject to subject sticking to the same subject: signs of (5) 5 in conversation 2) to (6) 6of voice If people sound unenthusiastic, then change subject. 3) use eyes and ears s
3、teady your gaze while ing 3. Skill to laugh Effects of laughter: ease peoples (7) 7 help start (8) 8 4. Skill to part 1) importance: open up possibilities for future friendship or contact 2) ways: : a smile, a (9) 9 wo: same as (10) 10 now how to express pleasure in meeting someone （分数：1.00）填空项1:_填空
4、项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_二、SECTION B INTERVI(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1).Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about Davids personal background?（分数：0.20）A.He had excellent academic records at school and university.B.He was once on a PhD programme at Yale University.C.He rec
5、eived professional training in acting.D.He came from a single-parent family.(2).David is inclined to believe in（分数：0.20）A.aliens.B.UFOs.C.the TV character.D.government conspiracies.(3).David thinks he is fit for the TV role because of his（分数：0.20）A.professional training.B.personality.C.life experien
6、ce.D.appearance.(4).From the interview, we know that at present David feels（分数：0.20）A.a sense of frustration.B.haunted by the unknown things.C.confident but moody.D.successful yet unsatisfied.(5).How does David feel about the divorce of his parents?（分数：0.20）A.He feels a sense of anger.B.He has a sen
7、se of sadness.C.It helped him grow up.D.It left no effect on him.三、SECTION C NEWS BR(总题数：2，分数：1.00)(1)._US soldiers have been killed in Iraq since President Bush declared that major combat operations in Iraq had ended.（分数：0.25）A.1170B.1530C.1668D.1669(2).Besides US, _suffered the greatest loss of ar
8、my men in Iraq.（分数：0.25）A.Great BritainB.BulgariaC.ItalyD.Poland(1). The man stole the aircraft mainly because he wanted to_.（分数：0.25）A.destroy the European Central Bank.B.have an interview with a TV station.C.circle skyscrapers in downtown Frankfurt.D.remember the death of a US astronaut.(2). Which
9、 of the following statements about the man is TRUE?（分数：0.25）A.He was a 31-year-old student from Frankfurt.B.He was piloting a two-seat helicopter he had stolen.C.He had talked to air traffic controllers by radio.D.He threatened to land on the European Central Bank.四、PART II GENERAL K(总题数：10，分数：10.00
10、)2. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of_.（分数：1.00）A.reference.B.meaning.C.antonymy.D.context.3. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of_.（分数：1.00）A.the Shadow Cabinet.B.the Parliament.C.the Opposition.D.the Cabinet.4. William Sidney Porter known as O. Henry, is
11、most famous for_.（分数：1.00）A.his poems.B.his plays.C.his short stories.D.his novels.5. The President during the American Civil War was_.（分数：1.00）A.Andrew Jackson.B.Abraham Lincoln.C.Thomas Jefferson.D.George Washington.6. Syntax is the study of_.（分数：1.00）A.language functions.B.sentence structures.C.t
12、extual organization.D.word formation.7. _is the capital city of Canada.（分数：1.00）A.VancouverB.OttawaC.MontrealD.York8. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?（分数：1.00）A.Arbitrariness.B.Productivity.C.Cultural transmission.D.Finiteness.9. Which of the following is NOT a
13、romantic poet?（分数：1.00）A.William Wordsworth.B.George Elliot.C.George G. Byron.D.Percy B. Shelley.10. The novel Emma is written by_.（分数：1.00）A.Mary Shelley.B.Charlotte Bronte.C.Elizabeth C. Gaskell.D.Jane Austen.11. U. S. presidents normally serve a(n)_term.（分数：1.00）A.two-yearB.four-yearC.six-yearD.e
14、ight-year五、PART III READING (总题数：4，分数：4.00)It is nothing new that English use is on the rise around the world, especially in business circles. This also happens in France, the headquarters of the global battle against American cultural hegemony. If French guys are giving in to English, something rea
15、lly big must be going on. And something big is going on. Partly, its that American hegemony. Didier Benchimol, CEO of a French e-commerce software company, feels compelled to speak English perfectly because the Internet software business is dominated by Americans. He and other French businessmen als
16、o have to speak English because they want to get their message out to American investors, possessors of the worlds deepest pockets. The triumph of English in France and elsewhere in Europe, however, may rest on something more enduring. As they become entwined with each other politically and economic
17、ally, Europeans need a way to talk to one another and to the rest of the world. And for a number of reasons, theyve decided upon English as their common tongue. So when German chemical and pharmaceutical company Hoechst merged with French competitor Rhone-Poulenc last year, the companies chose the v
18、aguely Latinate Aventis as the new company name and settled on English as the companys common language. When monetary policymakers from around Europe began meeting at the European Central Bank in Frankfurt last year to set interest rates for the new Euroland, they held their deliberations in English
19、. Even the European Commission, with 11 official languages and a traditionally French-speaking bureaucracy, effectively switched over to English as its working language last year. How did this happen? One school attributes Englishs great success to the sheer weight of its merit. Its a Germanic langu
20、age, brought to Britain around the fifth century A.D. During the four centuries of French-speaking rule that followed Norman Conquest of 1066, the language morphed into something else entirely. French words were added wholesale, and most of the complications of Germanic grammar were shed while few o
21、f the complications of French were added. The result is a limguage with a huge vocabulary and a simple grammar that can express most things more efficiently than either of its parents. Whats more, English has remained ungoverned and open. to change foreign words, coinages, and grammatical shifts in
22、a way that French, ruled by the purist Academie Francaise, had not. So its a swell language, especially for business. But the rise of English over the past few centuries clearly owes at least as much to history and economies as to the languages ability to economically express the concept win-win. Wh
23、at happened is that the competition first Latin, then French, then briefly, German faded with the waning of the political, economic, and military fortunes of, respectively, the Catholic Church, France, and Germany. All along, English was increasing in importance: Britain was the birthplace of the In
24、dustrial Revolution, and London the worlds most important financial centre, which made English a key language for business. Englands colonies around the world also made it the language with the most global reach. And as that former colony the U.S. rose to the status of the worlds preeminent politica
25、l, economic, military, and cultural power, English became the obvious second language to learn. In the 1990s more and more Europeans found themselves forced to use English. The last generation of business and government leaders who hadnt studied English in school was leaving the stage. The European
26、Community was adding new members and evolving from a paper-shuffling club into a serious regional government that would need a single common language if it were ever to get anything done. Meanwhile, economic barriers between European nations have been disappearing, meaning that more and more compani
27、es are begining to look at the whole continent as their domestic market. And then the Internet came along. The Net had two big impacts. One was that it was an exciting, potentially lucrative new industry that had its roots in the U. S. , so if you wanted to get in on it, you had to speak some Englis
28、h. The other was that by surfing the Web, Europeans who had previously encountered English only in school and in pop songs were now coming into contact with it daily. None of this means English has taken over European life. According to the European Union, 47% of Western Europeans (including the Bri
29、tish and Irish) speak English well enough to carry on a conversation. Thats a lot more than those who can speak German (32%) or French (28%), but it still means more Europeans dont speak the language. If you want to sell shampoo or cell phones, you have to do it in French or German or Spanish or Gre
30、ek. Even the U. S. and British media companies that stand to benefit most from the spread of English have been hedging their bets CNN broadcasts in Spanish; the Financial Times had recently launched a daily German-language edition. But just look at who speaks English: 77% of Western European college
31、 students, 69% of managers, and 65% of those aged 15 to 24. In the secondary schools of the European Unions non-English-speaking countries, 91% of students study English, all of which means that the tran sition to English as the language of European business hasnt been all that traumatic, and its on
32、ly going to get easier in the future. （分数：1.00）(1).In the authors opinion, what really underlies the rising status of English in France and Europe is （分数：0.25）A.Americ an dominance in the Internet software business.B.a prae tical need for effective communication among Europeans.C.Europe ans eagernes
33、s to do business with American businessmen.D.there cent trend for foreign companies to merge with each other.(2).Europeans began to favour English for all the following reasons EXCEPT its（分数：0.25）A.inherent linguistic properties.B.association with the business worldC.links with the United States.D.d
34、isassociation from political changes.(3).Which of the following statements forecasts the continuous rise of English in the future?（分数：0.25）A.About half of Western Europeans are now proficient in English.B.U.S. and British media companies are operating in Western Europe.C.Most secondary school studen
35、ts in Europe study English.D.Most Europeans continue to use their own language.(4).The passage mainly examines the factors related to（分数：0.25）A.the rising status of English in Europe.B.English learning in non-English-speaking E.U. nations.C.the preference for English by European businessmen.D.the sw
36、itch from French to English in the European Commission.Oscar Wilde said that work is the refuge of people who have nothing better to do. If so, Americans are now among the worlds saddest refugees. Factory workers in the United States are working longer hours than at any time in the past half-century
37、. America once led the rich world in cutting the average working weekfrom 70 hours in 1850 to less than 40 hours by the 1950s. It seemed natural that as people grew richer they would trade extra earnings for more leisure. Since the 1970s, however, the hours clocked up by American workers have risen,
38、 to an average of 42 this year in manufacturing. Several studies suggest that something similar is happening outside manufacturing: Americans are spending more time at work than they did 20 years ago. Executives and lawyers boast of 80-hour weeks. On holiday, they seek out fax machines and phones as
39、 eagerly as Germans bag the best sun-loungers. Yet working time in Europe and Japan continues to fall. In Germanys engineering industry the working week is to be trimmed from 36 to 35 hours next year. Most Germans get six weeks paid annual holiday even the Japanese now take three weeks. Americans st
40、ill make do with just two. Germany responds to this contrast with its usual concern about whether peoples aversion to work is damaging its competitiveness. Yet German workers, like the Japanese, seem to be acting sensibly: as their incomes rise, they can achieve a better standard of living with fewe
41、r hours of work. The puzzle is why America, the worlds richest country, sees things differently. It is a puzzle with sinister social implications. Parents spend less time with their children, who may be left alone at home for longer. Is it just a coincidence that juvenile crime is on the rise? Some
42、explanations for Americas time at work fail to stand up to scrutiny. One blames weak trade unions that leave workers open to exploitation. Are workers being forced by cost-cutting firms to toil harder just to keep their jobs? A recent study by two American economists, Richard Freeman and Linda Bell,
43、 suggests not. when asked, Americans actually want to work longer hours. Most German workers, in contrast, would rather work less. Then, why do Americans want to work harder? One reason may be that the real earnings of many Americans have been stagnant or falling during the past two decades. People
44、work longer merely to maintain their living standards. Yet many higher-skilled workers, who have enjoyed big increases in their real pay, have been working harder too. Also, one reason for the slow growth of wages has been the rapid growth in employment- which is more or less where the argument bega
45、n. Taxes may have something to do with it. People who work an extra hour in America are allowed to keep more of their money than those who do the same in Germany. Falls in marginal tax rates in America since the 1970s have made it all the more profitable to work longer. None of these answers really
46、explains why the century-long decline in working hours has gone into reverse in America but not elsewhere (though Britain shows signs of following Americas lead). Perhaps cultural differences-the last refuge of the defeated economistare at play. Economists used to believe that once workers earned en
47、ough to provide for their basic needs and allow for a few luxuries, their incentive to work would be eroded, like lions relaxing after a kill. But humans are more susceptible to advertising than lions. Perhaps clever marketing has ensured that basic needs-for a shower with built-in TV, for a rocket-propelled car-expand continuously. Shopping is already one of Americas most popular pastimes. But it requires money-hence more work and less leisure. Or try
