1、专业英语八级翻译-13及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BTRANSLATION/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSECTION A CHINE(总题数：3，分数：50.00)1.讲英语的人听到别人赞扬，一般说“谢谢”，表示接受，说明自己认为对方的赞扬是诚心诚意的，所赞扬的事是值得赞扬的。因此不应“假装自卑”或“故作谦虚”。但是，对于中国人来说，听到别人赞扬时，通常要表示受之有愧，做得很不够；或者说自己的成就不过是由于侥幸，或者说是客观条件造成的，等等，而接受赞扬则意味着有骄傲自满情绪或“缺乏教养”。因此，上述两种回答引起不同反应是由于双方语言习惯不同。他们都根据
2、各自的风俗去理解别人所说的话。（分数：15.00）_2.“孔子曰：三人行，则必有我师。是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子。闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。” U韩愈的原意，是因为自己接受了门徒，为抵制当时舆论的非议，所以写这篇文章自解。他的意思是说，自己虽然是作了先生，并不一定样样贤于弟子，从他学的人也不一定不如他，人们不必因此而大惊小怪。本来，只要是一个人闻道在先，不管他是什么人，都可以拜他为师。要学习的是知识，用不着问他“生乎我前”或“生乎吾后”；也用不着要求老师精通百般武艺，只要他有一门是比自己好的，就应该认他为师，向他学习。/U这是讲给求学的人听的。但也可以反过来讲给“传道授业解惑”
3、的老师们听。（分数：15.00）_3.南京，她自新中国建立以来发生的巨大而深刻的变化更加令人欢欣鼓舞。“虎踞龙盘今胜昔，天翻地覆慨而慷。”从1949年4月23日始，人民真正成为这座古老城市的主人。金陵回春，古城新生，昔日饱尝的屈辱和灾难，至此如同梦魔终被摆脱。人民在自己的土地上辛勤劳作，把古城南京妆扮得面貌一新。特别是近十几年来，改革开放又给这座美丽的名城注入了新的活力，崭新的工业、通达的运输、如画的城市建设、兴盛的第三产业、多彩的文化生活，都使这个具有古都特色的现代都市焕发出勃勃英姿。（分数：20.00）_三、BSECTION B ENGLI(总题数：3，分数：50.00)4.For in
4、London the critics are reinforced by a considerable body of people who go to the theatre as many others go to church, to display their best clothes and compare them with other peoples; to be in the fashion, and have something to talk about at dinner parties; to adore a pet performer; or to pass away
5、 the evening away from home. In short, they go for any or every reason other than an interest in dramatic art as such. In fashionable centers the number of irreligious people who go to church, of unmusical people who go to concerts and operas, and of undramatic people who go to the theatre, is so pr
6、odigious that sermons have been cut down to ten minutes and plays to two hours; and, even with these changes, congregations sit longing for the benediction and audiences for the final curtain, so that they may get away to the lunch or supper they really crave for, and their arriving at the churches,
7、 concerts, operas, and theatres later than the hour of beginning can possibly be made for them.（分数：15.00）_5.Thus far, our holiday has been simply a friendly sign of the survival of the love of letters amongst a people too busy to give to letters any more. As such it is precious as the sign of an ind
8、estructible instinct. Perhaps the time is already come when it ought to be, and will be, something else; when the sluggard intellect of this continent will look from under its iron lids and fill the postponed expectation of the world with something better than the exertions of mechanical skill. Our
9、day of dependence, our long apprenticeship to the learning of other lands draws to a close. The millions that around us are rushing into life cannot always be fed on the mere remains of foreign harvests. Events, actions arise, that must be sung, that will sing themselves. Who can doubt that poetry w
10、ill revive lead in a new age, as the star in the constellation Harp, which now flames in our zenith, astronomers announce, shall one day be the polestar for a thousand years?（分数：15.00）_6.Even if the word pop disappears from the English vocabulary, the influence of pop will remain. Pop has become par
11、t of Britishand Americanhistory. There has always been a close cultural link, or tie, between Britain and English-speaking America, not only in literature but also in the popular arts, especially music. Before the Second World War the Americans exported jazz and the blues. During the 1950s they expo
12、rted rock and roll, and star singers like Elvis Presley were idolized by young Britons and Americans alike. The people responsible for the pop revolution were four Liverpool boys who joined together in a group and called themselves the Beatles. They played in small clubs in the back streets of the c
13、ity. Unlike the famous solo stars who had their songs written for them, the Beatles wrote their own words and music. They had a close personal relationship with their audience, and they expected them to join in and dance to the beat of the music.（分数：20.00）_专业英语八级翻译-13答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BTRA
14、NSLATION/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSECTION A CHINE(总题数：3，分数：50.00)1.讲英语的人听到别人赞扬，一般说“谢谢”，表示接受，说明自己认为对方的赞扬是诚心诚意的，所赞扬的事是值得赞扬的。因此不应“假装自卑”或“故作谦虚”。但是，对于中国人来说，听到别人赞扬时，通常要表示受之有愧，做得很不够；或者说自己的成就不过是由于侥幸，或者说是客观条件造成的，等等，而接受赞扬则意味着有骄傲自满情绪或“缺乏教养”。因此，上述两种回答引起不同反应是由于双方语言习惯不同。他们都根据各自的风俗去理解别人所说的话。（分数：15.00）_正确答案：(To English-s
15、peaking people, praise is to be accepted, generally with a remark like Thank you. It is assumed that the compliment is sincere, that the praise is for some worthy achievement. Therefore, there should be no show of false humility, no pretended modesty. To Chinese, however, the customary reply to a co
16、mpliment would be to claim that one is not worthy of the praise, that what one has done is hardly enough, or that success was more a matter of luck or some other circumstances. Acceptance of a compliment would imply conceit and self-complacence or lack of manners. So, in the two cases above, the rea
17、son for such different reactions was caused by differences in customs of language. Each was interpreting what the other said according to his or her own culture.)解析：解析 1讲英语的人听到别人赞扬，一般说“谢谢”，表示接受，说明自己认为对方的赞扬是诚心诚意的，所赞扬的事是值得赞扬的：此句比较长，可断句译为两个独立的句子。第一部分“讲英语表示接受”的语义重心是“赞扬”，因此可转换语态，译为被动句To English-speaking
18、people, praise is to be accepted。一般说“谢谢”可转译为介词短语generally with a remark like Thank you.在句中作状语。后一部分“说明自己是值得赞扬的”并没有具体说明施动者，因此可译为It is assumed that.is for some worthy achievement的结构。 2因此不应“假装自卑”或“故作谦虚”：句中动词词组“假装自卑”和“故作谦虚”可分别转译为名词词组。false humility和pretended modesty。 3但是，对于中国人来说，听到别人赞扬时，通常要表示受之有愧，做得很不够；或
19、者说自己的成就不过是由于侥幸，或者说是客观条件造成的，等等，而接受赞扬则意味着有骄傲自满情绪或“缺乏教养”：此句较长，是典型的流水句，且没有主语，因此需要增译出主语，“通常要缺乏教养”部分说的都是中国人听到赞扬时的习惯性回答，因此可增译the customary reply作为主句的主语。 4表示：可译为claim，其后的“受之有愧客观条件造成的，等等”可译为claim的并列宾语从句，这些属于泛指的情况，故可用one作从句的主语。 5受之有愧：译为that one is not worthy of the praise。 6做得很不够：可译为that what one has done is
20、hardly enough。 7不过是由于侥幸：可译为was more a matter of luck。 8骄傲自满情绪：译为conceit and self-complacence。 9风俗：指“文化背景”，故译为culture更贴切。2.“孔子曰：三人行，则必有我师。是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子。闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。” U韩愈的原意，是因为自己接受了门徒，为抵制当时舆论的非议，所以写这篇文章自解。他的意思是说，自己虽然是作了先生，并不一定样样贤于弟子，从他学的人也不一定不如他，人们不必因此而大惊小怪。本来，只要是一个人闻道在先，不管他是什么人，都可以拜他为师。要学习的
21、是知识，用不着问他“生乎我前”或“生乎吾后”；也用不着要求老师精通百般武艺，只要他有一门是比自己好的，就应该认他为师，向他学习。/U这是讲给求学的人听的。但也可以反过来讲给“传道授业解惑”的老师们听。（分数：15.00）_正确答案：(Han Yu wrote this essay to defend himself against the attack of his time on his having accepted some disciples. In his opinion, having some disciples was not something to be surprised
22、 at because, as a teacher, he was not necessarily better than his disciples in every way, nor his disciples always inferior to him. As a matter of fact, one who has learned the truth earlier than you, no matter who he is, should be acknowledged as a teacher. You need not ask whether he was born befo
23、re or after you because what matters is the knowledge that he can impart to you. Nor should you presume him to be omniscient. So long as he excels you in one respect, you should learn from him and call him your teacher.)解析：解析 1韩愈的原意，是因为自己接受了门徒，为抵制当时舆论的非议，所以写这篇文章自解：此句在翻译时需要调整语序，以符合英语果在前因在后的句式特点。其中，“自
24、解”指为自己辩解，可对应译为defend himself。“抵制非议”，可译为against the attack of。 2他的意思是说，自己虽然是作了先生，并不一定样样贤于弟子，从他学的人也不一定不如他，人们不必因此而大惊小怪：此句是个典型的流水句，各分句间结构比较松散，该句的语义重心在于最后一个分句“人们不必因此而大惊小怪”，即having some disciples was not something to be surprised at，其余的内容则在说明“不必大惊小怪”的原因，故第二句可译为含有原因状语从句的主从复合句。“大惊小怪”还可译为make a fuss about。 3
25、他的意思是说：即他的观点，可灵活译为in his opinion，“不一定不一定”可采用not.nor的结构来翻译。“并不一定样样贤于弟子”指没有必要各个方面都比学生好，was not necessarily better than his disciples in every way。 4本来，只要是一个人闻道在先，不管他是什么人，都可以拜他为师：此句的语义重心在于“都可以拜他为师”，因此可译为主句，该句没有明确的施动者，因此可进行语态转换，译为should be acknowledged as a teacher。“闻道在先”可译为定语从何who has learned the truth
26、 earlier than you。“不管他是什么人”可译为条件状语从句no matter who he is。“本来”在此指“事实上”，可译为as a matter of fact或in fact。 5要学习的是知识，用不着问他“生乎我前”或“生乎吾后”：此部分可译为一个独立的句子，该部分前后为因果关系，需要调整语序并通过增加连接词表现出来：You need not ask whether he was born before or after you because what matters is the knowledge that he can impart to you. 6也用不着
27、要求老师精通百般武艺。只要他有一门是比自己好的，就应该认他为师，向他学习：该部分的三个分句还需要进行断句，因为第一个分句“也用不着要求老师精通百般武艺”与后面两个分句之间逻辑关系不是很密切。这个分句可用连词nor引导，与前一句的否定助词not呼应。 7精通百般武艺：可译为omniscient。3.南京，她自新中国建立以来发生的巨大而深刻的变化更加令人欢欣鼓舞。“虎踞龙盘今胜昔，天翻地覆慨而慷。”从1949年4月23日始，人民真正成为这座古老城市的主人。金陵回春，古城新生，昔日饱尝的屈辱和灾难，至此如同梦魔终被摆脱。人民在自己的土地上辛勤劳作，把古城南京妆扮得面貌一新。特别是近十几年来，改革开放
28、又给这座美丽的名城注入了新的活力，崭新的工业、通达的运输、如画的城市建设、兴盛的第三产业、多彩的文化生活，都使这个具有古都特色的现代都市焕发出勃勃英姿。（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(The tremendous changes that have taken place in Nanjing since New China was founded are even more inspiring, just as the much quoted couplet from a poem written by the late Chairman Mao Zedong on the occasio
29、n of the liberation of the city on April 23, 1949 has it: The city, a tiger crouching, a dragon curling, outshines its ancient glories; in heroic triumph, heaven and earth have been overturned. Balmy spring winds returned to bring new life to this historic city, of which the common people came to be
30、 the genuine masters. The nightmarish sufferings and humiliations of the past were left behind once and for all. The citizens of Nanjing have been working hard to give this age-old town a new appearance. Especially for the past ten years or more, the countrys reform and opening-up policy has infused
31、 new vigour into this beautiful and famous city. Newly built industries, an efficient transportation network extending in all directions, picturesque urban construction, a booming tertiary industry, a varied and colourful cultural life, all these and more added charm and vitality to this modem metro
32、polis, which retains somehow the ambience and features of an ancient capital.)解析：解析 1南京，她自新中国建立以来发生的巨大而深刻的变化更加令人欢欣鼓舞：此句的语义重心在“巨大而深刻的变化更加令人欢欣鼓舞”，因而这部分可译为主句，“她自新中国建立以来发生的”可译为定语从句修饰changes。 2虎踞龙盘今胜昔，天翻地覆慨而慷：引用的是毛主席在1949年4月23日解放南京时所作的诗句，在翻译时应把这一历史背景体现出来。依据上下文可知引用该诗句是对上一句的佐证，因而可将其译为上一句的状语。诗句翻译难度较大，通常需进行意
33、译：The city, a tiger crouching, a dragon curling, outshines its ancient glories; in heroic triumph, heaven and earth have been overturned. 3金陵回春，古城新生：在语义上比较紧凑，根据英语形合、多从句的特点，可将这两句合起来翻译，即将第三句译成定语从句，第四句前部分译为主句。此处不宜直译为Spring returned and the ancient city was new born，“古城新生”指万物复苏，因而该句可译为Spring returned an
34、d brought new life to the ancient city或意译为Balmy spring winds returned to bring new life to this historic city。 4人民在自己的土地上辛勤劳作，把古城南京妆扮得面貌一新：“人民”指的是南京的劳动人民，因而可具体译为the citizens of Nanjing。“在自己的土地上辛勤劳作”无需逐字译出，可灵活译为have been working hard。“古城”可译为ancient city，historic city或age-old town。“把妆扮得面貌一新”可译为give.a
35、new appearance/look，make.put on an entirely new look或make.turn on a new leaf。 5注入新的活力：可译为has infused new vigour into。 6崭新的工业：可具体译为newly built industries。 7通达的运输：指交通网络四通发达，可灵活译为an efficient transportation network extending in all directions。 8第三产业：可译为the tertiary industry或the service industry。 9这个具有古
36、都特色的现代都市：在翻译时可调整语序，把“现代都市”译为中心词this modern metropolis/city，而把“有古都特色的”译为定语从句which retains somehow the ambience and features of an ancient capital。三、BSECTION B ENGLI(总题数：3，分数：50.00)4.For in London the critics are reinforced by a considerable body of people who go to the theatre as many others go to ch
37、urch, to display their best clothes and compare them with other peoples; to be in the fashion, and have something to talk about at dinner parties; to adore a pet performer; or to pass away the evening away from home. In short, they go for any or every reason other than an interest in dramatic art as
38、 such. In fashionable centers the number of irreligious people who go to church, of unmusical people who go to concerts and operas, and of undramatic people who go to the theatre, is so prodigious that sermons have been cut down to ten minutes and plays to two hours; and, even with these changes, co
39、ngregations sit longing for the benediction and audiences for the final curtain, so that they may get away to the lunch or supper they really crave for, and their arriving at the churches, concerts, operas, and theatres later than the hour of beginning can possibly be made for them.（分数：15.00）_正确答案：(
40、在伦敦，如同许多人去教堂一样，也有许多人去剧院。在那里，批评家身后拥有这样一个庞大的观众团体作后盾；他们光顾剧场的目的是去炫耀自己最华丽的服装，以求和他人的服饰比个高下，力争融入时尚之中，以便在宴会上也好有些谈资。他们也可能是去观赏一场宠物表演。总之，无论在什么地方打发掉一个晚上，要比在家里待着强。简而言之，除了对戏剧艺术本身无兴致外，他们有着五花八门的理由去消磨时光。在一些时髦的中心，那些与宗教乏缘的人款款步入教堂，毫无音乐细胞的人去听音乐会或去看歌剧，毫无戏剧细胞的人光顾剧院，这类人数量大得惊人，因此布道词要缩短到十分钟，戏剧要压缩到两小时，即便如此，参加教堂集会的人，心中却期盼着布道尽早
41、结束，观众们则盼着戏剧快快闭幕。这样他们可以赶快去进午餐，这才是他们真正渴望要做的事情。他们有时姗姗来迟，错过了布道、音乐会、歌剧或戏剧的开头，但是这可能正合他们的心意。)解析：解析 1For in London the critics are reinforced by a considerable body of person.：此句是个长难句，句问结构复杂，有必要先弄清楚句间关系。该句的主句为the critics are reinforced by a considerable body of person；后半部分中四个不定式结构都是对a considerable body of p
42、erson的补充说明，因此可先译出主句，然后再逐个翻译这些不定式结构。 2For in London the critics.as many others go to church：在翻译时可调整语序，先译出修饰成分“在伦敦，如同许多人去教堂一样，也有许多人去剧院”。主句the critics are reinforced by a considerable body of person可转译为主动句“批评家身后拥有这样一个庞大的观众团体作后盾”。 3In fashionable centers the number of irreligious people who go to church
43、.：此句亦不短，第一个分号前的主要结构为the number.is so prodigious that.，the number of后的irreligious people，of undramatic people和of unmusical people在结构上是并列的，可先译出为“那些与宗教乏缘的人款款步人教堂，毫无音乐细胞的人去听音乐会或去看歌剧，毫无戏剧细胞的人光顾剧院”，然后再译出主句。 4cut down：本义为“削减，砍倒”，根据上下文，在此译为“缩短”。 5congregations：在此具体译为“参加教堂集会的人”。 6benediction：本义指“通常在礼拜末尾进行的祈福
44、”，在此引申译为“布道尽早结束”。 7their arriving.can possibly be made for them：习语be made for sb. 意为“完全适合某人”，此处译为“正合他们的心意”，另外此处将原文中的介词宾语翻译成了定语，使译文更通顺。5.Thus far, our holiday has been simply a friendly sign of the survival of the love of letters amongst a people too busy to give to letters any more. As such it is pr
45、ecious as the sign of an indestructible instinct. Perhaps the time is already come when it ought to be, and will be, something else; when the sluggard intellect of this continent will look from under its iron lids and fill the postponed expectation of the world with something better than the exertio
46、ns of mechanical skill. Our day of dependence, our long apprenticeship to the learning of other lands draws to a close. The millions that around us are rushing into life cannot always be fed on the mere remains of foreign harvests. Events, actions arise, that must be sung, that will sing themselves. Who can doubt that poetry will revive lead in a new age, as the star in the constellation Harp, whi
