1、专业英语八级翻译-17及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BTRANSLATION/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSECTION A CHINE(总题数：3，分数：50.00)1.我们总能听到父母和孩子之间存在“代沟”，在音乐、道德准则、时尚以及很多事情上双方看法都不同。如今，又出现一个“代圈”，指年轻人在技术应用方面的能力正逐步超过他们父辈。在技术应用方面，这一代年轻人不只是超过了父辈，而且是已经远远领先在前，到了一个全新的工作层面。所以芬兰才会有这样让人不可思议的一个举动，政府精心挑选出5000名新生代网络达人，让他们教本国教师使用电脑。学生变身为老师，而老师
2、则变身为学生。（分数：15.00）_2.在兽类中我最爱虎，在虎的故事中我最爱下面的一个。深山中有一所古庙，几个和尚在那里过着单调的修行生活。同他们做朋友的，除了有时上山来的少数乡下人外，就是几只猛虎。U虎不惊扰僧人，却替他们守护庙宇。作为报酬，和尚把一些可吃的东西放在庙门前。每天傍晚，夕阳染红小半个天空，虎们成群地走到庙门口，吃了东西，跳跃而去。庙门大开，僧人们安然在庙内做他们的日课，也没有谁出去看虎怎样吃东西，即使偶尔有一两个和尚立在门前，虎们亦视为平常的事情，把他们看做熟人，不去惊动，却斯斯文文地吃完走开。/U（分数：15.00）_3.中国家庭一向尊老爱幼。U在大家庭里，老一辈人的意见受到
3、尊重，小一辈的人得到全家的爱护。中国宪法规定赡养父母是成年子女义不容辞的责任。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人生活费并帮助他们干家务活儿。在农村，尽管大家庭解体了，许多结了婚的儿子和他的家人还与父母住在同一个院子里。对他们来说，分家不过是分灶而已。结了婚的儿子往往把房子盖在父母家附近，这样父母和子女互相帮助、探望都和过去一样方便。/U（分数：20.00）_三、BSECTION B ENGLI(总题数：3，分数：50.00)4.We do not admire the man of timid peace. We admire the man who embodies victori
4、ous efforts, the man who never wrongs his neighbor, who is prompt to help a friend, but who has those virile qualities necessary to win in the stem strife of actual life. It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have tried to succeed. In this life we get nothing save by effort. Freedom from effo
5、rt in the present merely means that there has been effort stored up in the past. A man can be freed from the necessity of work only by the fact that he or his fathers before him have worked to good purpose. If the freedom thus purchased is used aright, and the man still does actual work, though of a
6、 different kind, whether as a writer or a general, whether in the field of politics or in the field of exploration and adventure, he shows he deserves his good fortune.（分数：15.00）_5.Is a translation meant for readers who do not understand the original? This would seem to explain adequately the diverg
7、ence of their standing in the realm of art. Moreover, it seems to be the only conceivable reason for saying the same thing repeatedly. For what does a literary work say? What does it communicate? It tells very little to those who understand it. UIts essential quality is not statement or the impartin
8、g of information. Yet any translation which intends to perform a transmitting function cannot transmit anything but information hence, something inessential. This is the hallmark of bad translations. But do we not generally regard as the essential substance of a literary work what it contains in add
9、ition to informationas even a poor translator will admitthe unfathomable, the mysterious, and the poetic, something that a translator can reproduce only if he also a poet? This, actually, is the cause of another characteristic of inferior translation, which consequently we may define as the inaccura
10、te transmission of an inessential content. This will be true whenever a translation undertakes to serve the reader. However, if it intended for the reader, the same would have to apply to the original. If the original does not exist for the readers sake, how could the translation be understood on th
11、e basis of this premise?/U（分数：15.00）_6.When the leaders of media, telecommunications, IT and Internet companies congregate, as they did recently in Davos, the talk is upbeat about new accomplishments but subdued about recent ordeals: the dotcom bubble; the telecoms crash; the music industry bust; th
12、e advertising downturn; the e-publishing revenue stagnation; the PC slowdown; the wireless saturation; the semiconductor slump; the newspaper recession; the R&D retrenchment. And the question is, why do these predicaments sweep over the information sector so regularly? UThe prevalence of these probl
13、ems points to fundamental issues beyond a specific industry or short-term period. Instead, we need to recognize that the entire information sectorfrom music to newspapers to telecoms to Internet to semiconductors and anything in- betweenhas become subject to a gigantic market failure in slow motion.
14、 A market failure exists when market prices cannot reach a self-sustaining equilibrium. The market failure of the entire information sector is one of the fundamental trends of our time, with far-reaching long-term effects, and it is happening right in front of our eyes./U UThe basic structural reaso
15、n for this problem is that information products are characterized by high fixed costs and low marginal costs. They are expensive to produce but cheap to reproduce and distribute, and therefore exhibit strong economies of scale with incentives to an over-supply. Second, more information products are
16、continuously being offered to users. And information products and services are becoming more commodified, open, and competitive./U（分数：20.00）_专业英语八级翻译-17答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BTRANSLATION/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSECTION A CHINE(总题数：3，分数：50.00)1.我们总能听到父母和孩子之间存在“代沟”，在音乐、道德准则、时尚以及很多事情上双方看法都不同。如今，又出现一个“
17、代圈”，指年轻人在技术应用方面的能力正逐步超过他们父辈。在技术应用方面，这一代年轻人不只是超过了父辈，而且是已经远远领先在前，到了一个全新的工作层面。所以芬兰才会有这样让人不可思议的一个举动，政府精心挑选出5000名新生代网络达人，让他们教本国教师使用电脑。学生变身为老师，而老师则变身为学生。（分数：15.00）_正确答案：(We often hear about the generation gap that occurs between parents and children when it comes to music, morals, fashion and a host of ot
18、her things. Now there is a generation lap, the tendency for young people to be increasingly more technically savvy than their parents and elders. Theyre not just ahead of their parents in the way they use technology, theyve lapped their parents and are working at a whole new level. Thats why there i
19、s an unbelievable example from Finland where the government has hand-selected 5,000 Net Generations to train the countrys teachers how to use computers. The students are the teachers and the teachers will be the students.)解析：解析 1我们总能听到父母和孩子之间存在“代沟”，在音乐、道德准则、时尚以及很多事情上双方看法都不同：此处虽为一句，却表达了两层含义。在翻译时，这两层含
20、义要有一个很好的链接，首先“我们总能听到父母和孩子存在代沟”翻译成主句，即We often hear about the generation gap that occurs between parents and children，“音乐、道德准则、时尚以及很多事情上双方看法都不同”翻译成从句，用when it comes to与主句链接，即when it comes to music, morals, fashion and a host of other things。 2如今，又出现一个“代圈”，指年轻人在技术应用方面的能力正逐步超过他们父辈：“代圈”可译为generation lap
21、：“出现了”可翻译成there be句式，“指”可翻译成名词短语作“代圈”的同位语，整个句子翻译为Now there is a generation lap, the tendency for young people to be increasingly more technically savvy than their parents and elders 3领先在前：lap有“领先”的意思。 4不可思议的一个举动：可译为an unbelievable example。 5精心挑选：可译为hand-selected。 6新生代网络达人：可简单译为Net Generations即可。 7学生
22、变身为老师，而老师则变身为学生：可直译为The students are the teachers and the teachers will be the students.2.在兽类中我最爱虎，在虎的故事中我最爱下面的一个。深山中有一所古庙，几个和尚在那里过着单调的修行生活。同他们做朋友的，除了有时上山来的少数乡下人外，就是几只猛虎。U虎不惊扰僧人，却替他们守护庙宇。作为报酬，和尚把一些可吃的东西放在庙门前。每天傍晚，夕阳染红小半个天空，虎们成群地走到庙门口，吃了东西，跳跃而去。庙门大开，僧人们安然在庙内做他们的日课，也没有谁出去看虎怎样吃东西，即使偶尔有一两个和尚立在门前，虎们亦视为平常
23、的事情，把他们看做熟人，不去惊动，却斯斯文文地吃完走开。/U（分数：15.00）_正确答案：(Instead of harassing the monks, the tigers voluntarily stood guard at the gate of the temple. As a reward for it, the monks would place some edibles in front of the gate for the tigers to eat. Towards evening, when the setting sun had dyed half of the s
24、ky red, the tigers would come up to the gate in groups to eat their fill, and then left, slipping and jumping. The monks usually left the gate wide open while peacefully engaged in their daily routine of chanting Buddhist scriptures inside the temple. Normally, none of them came out to watch the tig
25、ers eat. Sometimes, however, one or two monks did appear standing at the gate, but the tigers would remain unalarmed and, taking the monks for their friends, did nothing to harm them. They just kept on eating unhurriedly until they finished and left.)解析：解析 1虎不惊扰僧人，却替他们守护庙字：“不却”的结构可译为instead of，“惊扰”译
26、为harass最佳，“守护庙宇”可理解为“在庙宇门前站岗”，故译为stand guard at the gate of the temple。全句译为Instead of harassing the monks, the tigers voluntarily stood guard at the gate of the temple。 2作为报酬：译为as a reward for it。 3每天傍晚，夕阳染红小半个天空，虎们成群地走到庙门口，吃了东西。跳跃而去：分析句子结构，“每天傍晚，夕阳染红小半个天空”作时间状语，译为Towards evening, when the setting s
27、un had dyed half of the sky red，“跳跃而去”译为leave slipping and jumping。全句译为Towards evening, when the setting sun had dyed half of the sky red, the tigers would come up to the gate in groups to eat their fill, and then left, slipping and jumping。 4庙门大开，僧人们安然在庙内做他们的日课，也没有谁出去看虎怎样吃东西，即使偶尔有一两个和尚立在门前，虎们亦视为平常的
28、事情，把他们看做熟人。不去惊动，却斯斯文文地吃完走开：此句较长，可分为几句话翻译，分句主要依据不同的动作的执行者来划分。经过分析可知，“庙门大开，僧人们安然在庙内做他们的日课”一句的主语是“僧人们”，“也没有谁出去看虎怎样吃东西”一句的主语是“没有一个僧人”，“即使偶尔有一二个和尚立在门前，虎们亦视为平常的事情，把他们看做熟人，不去惊动，却斯斯文文地吃完走开”一句的主语是“虎们”。 5日课：僧人做的“日课”应该是“念诵佛经”，故此处的“日课”要译为daily routine of chanting Buddhist scriptures。 6把他们看做熟人：译为take the monks f
29、or their friends。 7斯斯文文地：就是“不慌不忙地，从容地”，译为unhurriedly。3.中国家庭一向尊老爱幼。U在大家庭里，老一辈人的意见受到尊重，小一辈的人得到全家的爱护。中国宪法规定赡养父母是成年子女义不容辞的责任。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人生活费并帮助他们干家务活儿。在农村，尽管大家庭解体了，许多结了婚的儿子和他的家人还与父母住在同一个院子里。对他们来说，分家不过是分灶而已。结了婚的儿子往往把房子盖在父母家附近，这样父母和子女互相帮助、探望都和过去一样方便。/U（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(In extended families, older
30、 members opinion was respected, and the youngest members are loved and taken good care of by all. Chinas constitution stipulates that grown-up children are duty-bound to support their parents. In the cities, couples who do not live with their aged parents give the latter living allowances and help t
31、hem with the house chores. In the countryside, though quite a number of extended families have dissolved, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents. To them, breaking up the extended family means cooking their meals separately. Married sons most o
32、ften have their houses built near their parents home, making it convenient for parents and children to help and visit each other as before.)解析：解析 1在大家庭里：译为in extended families。 2中国宪法规定赡养父母是成年子女义不容辞的责任：译为Chinas constitution stipulates that grown-up children are duty-bound to support their parents，此处是
33、将名词短语“成年子女义不容辞的责任”译成主谓结构。“宪法”译为constitution，“规定”译为stipulate，“赡养父母”译为support their parents。 3生活费：living allowances。 4解体：译为dissolve。 5对他们来说，分家不过是分灶而已：此处的“分家”理解为“大家庭的解散”，译为breaking up the extended family，“分灶”译为cooking their meals separately。 6结了婚的儿子往往把房子盖在父母家附近，这样父母和子女互相帮助、探望都和过去一样方便：此句较长，但结构清晰，“这样”可译为
34、现在分词短语，即making it convenient for parents and children to help and visit each other as before。三、BSECTION B ENGLI(总题数：3，分数：50.00)4.We do not admire the man of timid peace. We admire the man who embodies victorious efforts, the man who never wrongs his neighbor, who is prompt to help a friend, but who
35、has those virile qualities necessary to win in the stem strife of actual life. It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have tried to succeed. In this life we get nothing save by effort. Freedom from effort in the present merely means that there has been effort stored up in the past. A man can b
36、e freed from the necessity of work only by the fact that he or his fathers before him have worked to good purpose. If the freedom thus purchased is used aright, and the man still does actual work, though of a different kind, whether as a writer or a general, whether in the field of politics or in th
37、e field of exploration and adventure, he shows he deserves his good fortune.（分数：15.00）_正确答案：(我们不欣赏那种怯懦而喜好安逸的人。我们钦佩那种表现出奋力向上的人，那种永不屈待邻里，能随时帮助朋友，但是也具有那些刚健的品质，足以在实际生活的严酷斗争中获取胜利的人。失败是困苦的，但是从不曾努力去争取成功却更为糟糕。在人的一生中，任何的收获都要通过努力才能得到。目前不用作任何的努力，只是意味着在过去有过努力的积储。只有当一个人或他的祖先曾经努力工作过，并取得了丰厚的收获时，那个人才不用工作。如果他能把换取到的此
38、类的自由加以正确地运用，仍然做些实际的工作，尽管那些工作是属于另一类的，不论是做一名作家还是将军，不论是在政界还是在探险和冒险方面做些事情，都表明了他没有辜负自己的好运。)解析：解析 1the man of timid peace：可转译为“怯懦而喜好安逸的人”。 2We admire the man who.：此句是个排比句式，因此可译为“我们钦佩的人，的人，的人”的结构。 3embody：本义为“使具体化”，在此译为“表现”。 4victorious：译为“获胜的，胜利的”。 5wrong：作动词时，含有“亏待；冤枉”之意，故never wrongs his neighbor译为“永不屈待
39、邻里”。 6prompt：本义为“迅速的、敏捷的”，在此可指随叫随到。 7It is hard to fail：不可译为“很难失败”，根据下文提到“从不曾努力去争取成功，却更为糟糕”可知，此处译为“失败是困苦的”更符合文意。 8in this life we get nothing save by effort：可译为“任何的收获都要通过努力才能得到”。 9store up：译为“积储，贮藏”。 10freedom from effort：不可译为“来自努力的自由”，此处根据下文应译为“不作任何努力”。 11a man can be freed from the necessity of wo
40、rk：可译为“不必工作的人”。5.Is a translation meant for readers who do not understand the original? This would seem to explain adequately the divergence of their standing in the realm of art. Moreover, it seems to be the only conceivable reason for saying the same thing repeatedly. For what does a literary work
41、 say? What does it communicate? It tells very little to those who understand it. UIts essential quality is not statement or the imparting of information. Yet any translation which intends to perform a transmitting function cannot transmit anything but information hence, something inessential. This i
42、s the hallmark of bad translations. But do we not generally regard as the essential substance of a literary work what it contains in addition to informationas even a poor translator will admitthe unfathomable, the mysterious, and the poetic, something that a translator can reproduce only if he also
43、a poet? This, actually, is the cause of another characteristic of inferior translation, which consequently we may define as the inaccurate transmission of an inessential content. This will be true whenever a translation undertakes to serve the reader. However, if it intended for the reader, the same
44、 would have to apply to the original. If the original does not exist for the readers sake, how could the translation be understood on the basis of this premise?/U（分数：15.00）_正确答案：(文学作品的本质特征并不是陈述事实或发布信息。尽管扮演着传播功能，翻译所传播的只能是信息，而非本质的东西。这是拙劣译文的特征。但是，人们普遍认为文学作品的实质是信息之外的东西。就连拙劣的译者也承认，文学作品的精髓是某种深不可测的、神秘的、“诗意
45、的”东西；是不是只有译者本身也是一名诗人才能重现原作呢?事实上，这带来了劣质翻译的另一特点，我们不妨称之为不准确地翻译非本质内容。只要译作迎合读者，这种情况就会发生。其实要是原作是为读者而写的话，它也会陷入同样的境地。可是，如果原作并非为读者而作，那么基于此前提上的译作又如何让读者理解呢?)解析：解析 1essential quality：本质。 2the imparting of information：传递信息。 3Yet any translation which intends to perform a transmitting function cannot transmit anything but informationhence, something inessential：此句在翻译时要注意断句的问题。由于句子本身很长，所以在破折号处断句，之前译为“然而任何执行传播功能的翻译所传播的只能是信息”，其中cannot.but.意为“只能”；破折号后的短语在翻译时加上句子的主语和谓语，译为“它传播的只是非本质性的东西”。 4hallmark：特点。 5do we not generally regard as the essenti
