1、,Higher Education in USA/China: A Private University Perspective,Professor Wei Lin Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA and Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China,Two Proud Pasts: Case and We
2、stern Reserve,1826 Western Reserve College founded1880 Case School of Applied Science founded1880s Western Reserve and Case independently move to the universitys current location1947 Case becomes the Case Institute of Technology1967 Western Reserve and Case merge to form Case Western Reserve Univers
3、ity2007 Barbara R. Snyder named President,History of Excellence: Case Nobels,Case School of Applied Science faculty member First American to win a Nobel in the sciences Along with Western Reserves Edward W. Morley, conducts the famous Michelson-Morley experiments, which provide some of the raw data
4、that lead to the Lorentz contraction and Albert Einsteins special theory of relativity,15 Nobel Prize winners have Case affiliations, including Albert W. Michelson:,Case at a Glance,Mid Sized 4,300 undergraduate students; 5,600 graduate and professional students; 2,500 full-time faculty; $826.5 mill
5、ion operating budget Research Intensive $375 million in research funding from all sources (FY2006); Top 20 ranking among independent universities for federal research funding Comprehensive Eight schools and colleges: Arts and Sciences, Dental Medicine, Engineering, Law, Medicine, Nursing, Management
6、 and Social WorkStrong Support 100,000 alumni worldwide; Endowment funds worth over $1.6 billion,A Truly World-Class University,Top-ranked university in Ohio Among the Top 25 private research universities in U.S. Top 38 in U.S. News & World Report “Best Colleges” rankings Top-ranked programs in engi
7、neering, medicine, nursing and social work 8:1 student-faculty ratio among the best in the nation Among the top private universities for funding from NIH and NSF Among the Top 10 “Intel Unwired Campuses”,University Circle: A Cultural Oasis,More than 50 cultural, educational, religious and health-car
8、e institutions within 1 square mile 16,000 students and 30,000 employees 2.5 million visitors annually Case partners in the circle and across Cleveland include Cleveland Institute of Art Cleveland Institute of Music Cleveland Clinic NASA University Hospitals,Cleveland: An Engineering History,1900: B
9、rush Electric Company was established supplied 80% of the arc lighting equipment in the U.S. 1900: Standard Oil controls 90% of nations refining capacity 1930: Fifth-largest U.S. city 1931: 80 different makes of Cleveland-produced automobiles,Cleveland was an industrial power throughout much of the
10、20th century:,Home of the first electric streetcar, wind turbine for energy production, whole-body X-ray machine and first electric traffic signal, among many others.,125 Years of Excellence in Engineering,1880 Case School of Applied Science founded by a grant from Leonard Case1895 Alumnus Herbert H
11、enry Dow establishes the Dow Chemical Company1958 CIT President T. Keith Glennan becomes first administrator of NASA1960s Landmark programs in BME and polymer science established1992 Case School of Engineering established2007 Norman C. Tien named dean,Unwavering Purpose,Vision The Case School of Eng
12、ineering strives for excellence, distinction and innovation in targeted engineering education and research programs.Mission To educate and prepare graduates to lead the advancement of technology and to create new processes, products, methods, materials or systems that impact and are beneficial to so
13、ciety.,Case School of Engineering,Departments - Biomedical Engineering Chemical Engineering Civil Engineering Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Macromolecular Science and Engineering Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Material Science and Engineering,Focused Research Initiatives,Advanced
14、 Materials Fuel Cells Biomedical Engineering Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Engineering and Computational Fundamentals Renewable Energy Systems Engineering and Control,Our Foundation: Faculty Excellence,117 Total Faculty 27 Endowed Professors 6 National Academy of Engineering Members Includes
15、 active emeritus faculty 2 Ohio Eminent Scholars 11% Female Faculty surpasses the national average for engineering schools Top 50 in U.S News & World Report rankings for Undergraduate and Graduate Programs,Some Famous Alumni,Herbert Dow Founder, Dow Chemical Robert Herbold former Executive Vice Pres
16、ident and Chief Operating Office, Microsoft Chi-Foon Chan President and COO, Synopsys Frank Rudy inventor, Nike Air (sole) Peter Tippet - inventor of Norton (Symantec) Anti-Virus and CTO of CyberTrust Paul Lauterbur 2003 Nobel Prize in Medicine for development of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI),Fir
17、st-Rate Engineering Education,Comprehensive Programs- 14 academic programs in 7 departments Education Beyond the Classroom- Cooperative Education program with Industry 2 National Science Foundation REU Grants- 40% of undergraduates work with a faculty member on research Excellent World-class Facilit
18、ies-$5.9M Sears Undergraduate Circuits Lab-EECS Virtual Worlds Gaming and Simulation Laboratory-Microfabrication Laboratory-Swagelok Center for the Surface Analysis of Material-Wright Center Fuel Cell Labs,1,300 Undergraduate Students 600 Graduate Students,Excellence in Research: Recent “Big Wins”,C
19、enter for Layered Polymeric Systems (CLiPS) NSF Science and Technology Grant Up to $40M over 10 yearsWallace H. Coulter Foundation Grant Supports Translational Research in BME $3M over 5 yearsSwagelok Center for the Surface Analysis of Materials $5.5M Total ($2M to Case)Wright Center for Sensor Syst
20、ems Engineering $28.3M Total ($5M to Case),Excellence in Research: Energy for the Future,5kW fuel cell Lynntech, Inc.,Great Lakes Institute of Energy Innovation at Case Western Reserve University,Research and Education: Team Case,Sensor fusion and interpretation Competent decision making in ambiguou
21、s situations Machine learning and A.I. Appropriate behaviors interacting with other vehicles and robots Automated planning and dynamic replanning Robust software engineering,Autonomous Robotic Vehicle for DARPA Urban Grand Challenge,Management and Engineering Education,The Institute for Management a
22、nd Engineering (TiME) Masters degree that integrates engineering and management Joint Program between School of Engineering and Weatherhead School of ManagementDevelopment of a new Masters degree program in Managing Science and Technology Modular program offered at locations around the world.,Global
23、ization in Academics,Industries are global Economies are interdependent New countries/regions on the rise “Internationalization” of the student experience is needed Universities in these regions will advance to meet the industrial needs To remain competitive universities need to have a global presen
24、ce,Case School of Engineering seeks global collaboration and exchanges,An Example of Academic Administration at Case,Hierarchy Structure President校长 and Provost教务长 Dean院长 and Department Chair系主任 Focus of President & Dean - external & strategic Fund raising, strategic planning, capital investment, al
25、umni and community relations Focus of Provost and Dept. Chairs - internal issues Appointments and promotions, operating budget, resource allocation, academic affairs,Tenure and Promotion,美国系统与英联邦，日本，欧洲系统不同USA System Tenure Track：教授，副教授，助教授 Non-Tenure：讲师，助教（研究生） Adjunct Appointment 没有教授，副教授，助教授名额限制（不
26、同与英联邦）,Recruiting of New Faculty,避免从本校雇佣新教员 (Inbreeding, 近亲繁殖)有利于科学交流有利于处理工作关系更健康的工作环境易产生新思想和新工作方式,Tenure and Promotion,助教授：PhD，发表有质量的文章，较强的交流能力起始三年合同，第三年考查合格再续三年合同第六年开始终身升职的程序 (杰出情况可提前）第六年底会决定是否得到终身职位并升为副教授再六年才能考虑能否升为正教授 (杰出情况可提前）,P & T Criteria,一般规则： 研究：发表文章，研究经费，。 教学：教学评估，毕业研究生，本科生。 服务：本校及本行业，。 E
27、xamples for tenure: at least ? journal papers, 2+ grants above average teaching evaluation, 2-3 PhD students, Notable service in the professional (AE, program committee,),How to Inspire Tenure Faculty?,Tenure to Full Professor（6 to 12 years）International Reputation Salary (Academic - 9 months，Summer
28、 - 3 months)(除夏天工资外，教授不能从科研经费中获取任何额外收入)科研经费的用途有严格的规定More teaching tasks without active researchOwnership - 让教授进入“不做事，就难受”的状态,Why Professors Must Teach?,This is a foundation of Univ./College: Teaching！This is what students pay for ($40k+/year) andlearn from the best brain！和优秀科学家的日常接触会激励学生的学习教学生最先进的东西
29、：高标准的标志好公关：保持大学的名声发现有潜力的研究生,Teaching Loads,3 courses/year (2 graduate +1 undergraduate)2 for Assistant Professor in the first 3 years(to build his/her research program)Small size: 10 - 12 faculty members per dept.(哈工大的一个教研组是很多美国大学一个系的大小)Visible faculty members: each individual has aninternational re
30、putation in the field,Teaching,学生手册上有课程提纲，以让学生了解每一课程的内容 及必备知识。开课一开始应给学生课程提纲和要求 (课本，参考 书，教师的答疑时间和联系方式，课程内容，作业要求，考试次数，成绩评估方式，)给足够的课堂时间回答学生的问题。回答问题是教学中极为重要的环节, 并应鼓励问问题。活跃的课堂师生都受益学生交学费的目的就是“学”和“问”学生和教师从问答中学到的更多，避免单方向,Suggestions and Recommendations,选修课太少，没有个性，每个学生学的都是一样的高水平课不多高水平课本很少应多一点讨论式，专题性的课程硕士学制太长
31、，博士学制太短，太死，不灵活合理运用资源，提高教学质量Senior faculty must teach(院士，千人计划教授，长江学者应该在教学第一线),Foundation of Universities - Students,学生是大学的顾客:一切为他们服务学生又是大学的产品:一切为了保证质量毕业生是大学最好的广告牌毕业生又是大学最忠实的支持者:母校的名声越好,毕业生卖得价钱越高.,校友联谊,每个学生对大学都重要“A” 学生将会成为（穷）教授。他们成就大学的学术名声和地位。 “B” 学生将成为（富）商人。他们支撑大学的将来。 “C” 学生将成（有权势）的政治家。他们决定了大学的生与死。最好
32、的大学也是校友支持做的最好的，如 Harvard, MIT, Stanford.,Higher Education in China,目标: 每个高中毕业生都可以上大学。 每个工人农民都能接受必要的技术培训 不管住在哪儿的孩子都能上到学 所有想学的人都能学到想学的东西 实现: 建100个清华、北大?,Higher Education in China,很多大学还有很大的潜力可以容纳更多的学生。根本问题在于明确大学的根本使命是教学和科学研究，而不是开公司赚钱。 教师足够满足教学需求面临问题：教室和宿舍 教室：科学的排课方式很重要 - 一门科学。每个教室从早到晚应排课。 宿舍：发挥市场作用。大学不
33、可能什么都提供。让私人企业参与大学的服务,Higher Education in China: Problems,院士,千人计划教授，973首席科学家,长江学者, 博导都太老啦!(A tenure-track Assistant Prof. at USA must advise PhD)应尊敬院士,但他们不应独占科研资源。政策应向年青人倾斜多少院士、千人计划教授、973首席、长江学者、博导每年至少给学生上两门以上的课?每个大学都在比院士多少,院士不教课对学生又有何用?花那么多的钱,请那么多挂名院士,对得起纳税人吗?四十以后成大科学家有几个?,Few Great Scientists Born
34、After 40,Albert Einstein, born 1879, failed exam in 1895 to study as electrical engineer, 3 papers in 1905 about electromagnetic radiation of light, special theory of relativity, statistical mechanics, Nobel Prize in 1921Georg Riemann (1826-1866)丘成桐1949年生,22岁获博士学位,34岁获菲尔兹奖华罗庚1910年生, 1950年回国Claude E.
35、 Shannon (1916-2001): 1948, Shannon published his masterpiece, “A Mathematical Theory of Communication,“ giving birth to Information Theory.R. E. Kalman, born in 1930, Kalman Filter in 1960,Responsibility of University,是让教授们精心带学生,教学,做学问? 还是开公司, 拉横向项目赚钱,做老板?研究生大部分时间花在毫无创新的项目上,这不正常这不是硅谷模式!学生质量一塌糊涂! (只
36、会考英语)大学是否越大越好? (加州理工 2千,普林斯顿 6千)留自己的博士、硕士学生,拉帮结派,近亲繁殖.,What Goes Wrong in China?,考试制度中小学教育是在摧残青少年重点中学是毁灭人才的机器(只能培养会考试,不会思考的机器)教育的极不平等北京、上海一等, 中等城市二等,小城市三等, 农村末等.,How to Recruit World-Class Scholars from West?,刚拿到博士学位的（不了解国外大学的运作)公司工作的（同样不了解国外大学的运作)需要一批在国外名校工作过多年，了解国外大学运作的工作环境，学术发展的潜能解决后顾之忧（孩子上学，房子，。
37、）单靠高薪吸引不了所需要的人才 (see later),Missions of HIT Shenzhen Graduate School,哈工大深圳研究生院要成为高教改革的“蛇口”, 它的特色是学术高地，一流人才的聚结地；走向世界的一流的学府；成为国内高等教育的亮点。具体地：国际化: 采用原文一流教材，坚持用英文教学，吸引国外留学生,形成语言环境坚持国际化学术交流，使之成为国内外知名学者访问的重地坚持基础研究为支柱，应用研究为辅，与校本部形成互补吸引华人中有志向的学者参与吸引海外留学生回国工作发表高质量论文，培养高质量研究生带动一大批年青教师，使他们成为国内科研的领导人物成为国内外学子向往的学府（不出国就可得到与国外一流大学一样品质的教育）,Welcome Your Feedback and Comments June 2011,Thank You!,
