1、Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,1,The Educational Role of the Library in a Digital Environment Part I: Library Reference Resources when Digital Michael Buckland NORSLIS Visiting Professor Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative and School of Information, University of California, BerkeleySALT, Uppsala, Octo
2、ber 2, 2008,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,2,A report on work by several people: Aitao Chen, Fredric Gey, Ray Larson, Barry Pateman, Vivien Petras, Ryan Shaw, and others. Work supported by two U.S. federal government agencies: The Institute of Museum and Library Services and the National Endowment for t
3、he Humanities. Three projects:Support for the Learner ecai.org/imls2004Biography ecai.org/imls2006Irish Studies ecai.org/neh2007,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,3,Some ideas about learning. . . . Understanding requires knowing the context 2. Best place to read is inside library with reference works 3. Us
4、ing Internet resources should be like using a library reference collection and as easy and as reliable 4. Design: Find the context of any museum object, document, or performance: What is related to it in what it is, where it came from, when it originated, and who is associated with it? 5. WHAT, WHER
5、E, WHEN, and WHO (“4W”) as a structure 6. Make better use of existing descriptive metadata 7. Re-design reference library for online environment,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,4,Text with a interesting details. Who was she? Where is that? What is this? What else was happening?,Reader,Library resources E
6、ncyclopedias Atlases, place name Biographical dictionaries Bibliographies Library catalog Statistical series etc., etc. . . . .,In a paper environment, reading inside a library is the best place to learn. It is well designed to explain the context!,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,5,Any word, name, docume
7、nt, or event,Any resource: Audio, Images, Texts, Numeric data, Objects, Virtual reality, Webpages,Any catalog: Archives, Libraries, Museums, TV, Publishers,Connect it with its context and other resources.,Facet Vocabulary DisplaysWHAT Thesaurus Cross-e.g. LCSH referencesWHERE Gazetteer MapWHEN Perio
8、d directory TimelineWHO Biograph. dict. Personale.g. Whos Who relations,Context and relationships: Ireland and Irish Studies Project diagram.,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,6,The reference library and reference library is open from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. (09:00 17:00),The “9 to 5” problem,Students are w
9、riting papers at home on laptops from 9:00 p.m. to 5:00 a.m. (21:00 05:00),What is wrong with this situation?,What can we librarians do about it?,Comment: The online environment is not visible. One cannot see important structures.,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,7,WHAT Subject headings Cross-references i
10、n& between vocabularies,Within a vocabulary Kung fu movies SEE Martial Arts films LCSHFORMERLY Hand-to-hand fighting, oriental, in motion pictures Between Vocabularies Economics = 330 Dewey Decimal Classification180/280 US Patent classification = 3711 Standard Industrial Classification = TL 205 LC C
11、lassif. = AutomobileExtending a search from one source to another ordinary means a change in vocabulary. Internet: Many sources and vocabularies!,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,8,WHERE Place name list Map St. Petersburg = = Saint-Ptersbourg, Cluj (Romania, Roumania, Rumania) = Klausenburg = Kolozsvar.,C
12、tesiphon (Ancient site),Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,9,WHAT is WHERE? Catalog + Place name list + map.Search for books on Folklore, then geographical sort.,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,10,WHERE is WHAT? Draw box on map around South America. Place name list names capital cities (“PPLC”) for search in cat
13、alog.,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,11,WHEN Named Time Periods Timeline People speak of time by naming periods and events:- In reign of Charlemagne- During the Weimar Republic- After the Vietnam War- When I was a student This is culturally situated and resembles place names. So a “Named Time Period Dir
14、ectory” like a place name list: Place name list (= “gazetteer”) Place name Type of place Lat. & Long. when Named period directory Period name Type of period Chron. Time - where,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,12,WHEN? Search: What happened in IRELAND in 1690s?,Time Period Directory records in Google Eart
15、h. Zoom to Ireland and 1690s. Icon for siege of Limerick, 1690. Click link for library search. Catalog records list books and show context.,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,13,WHEN Time Period Directory Timeline,Search LC Catalog Search Wikipedia,Browse,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,14,WHO Biographical Dicti
16、onary Complex relationships,Life events metadataWHAT: Actions prisoner WHERE: Places Holstein WHEN: Times1261-1262 WHO: People Margaret Sambiria,Better is to have external links to the best resources! Current project: Context finding for biographical texts. Example: Electronic search engine pioneer.
17、,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,15,Comment: Facet genres include other facets Library subject headings Topic Geographic subdivision Chronological subdivisionPlace name gazetteer Place name Type Spatial markers (Lat & long) WhenTime Period Directory Period name Type Time markers (Calendar) WhereBiographi
18、cal Dictionary Person Activity type Time Where Who else,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,16,A “4W” search interface,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,17,Buttons for searchable resources & local catalogs,Search term recommender service for LC Subject Headings,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,18,Potentially related peop
19、le,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,19,Potentially related periods,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,20,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,21,Find out more about this area.,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,22,Different Browsing Options!,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,23,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,24,Interface generates menu page,Oct 2, 2008,SALT1, Uppsala,25,ECAI Cultural Atlases: presenting history in its geographical & chronological contexts,
