1、The IAEA Coordinated Research Project on the Update of X Ray and Gamma Ray Decay Data Standards for Detector Calibration and Other Applications,Mark A. Kellett Nuclear Data Section Vienna, Austria,18 March 2008,IAEA Nuclear Data Section,Provision of atomic and nuclear data services to scientists wor
2、ldwide (data libraries, bibliographies and related materials) through the internet, CD and other media Coordination of three international atomic and nuclear data networks Production of new databases through Coordinated Research Projects (CRPs) and Data Development projects Assist developing countri
3、es through technology transfer activities,Nuclear Data Networks,Network of Nuclear Reaction Data Centres four core centres: IAEA Nuclear Data Section, Vienna OECD NEA Data Bank, Paris, France US National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven, USA Russia Nuclear Data Centre, Obninsk, Russian Federation Exp
4、anded network includes additional co-operating specialized centres in Russian Federation (3), China, Japan (2), Hungary, Korea and Ukraine,Network of Nuclear Structure and Decay Data Evaluators IAEA Nuclear Data Section, Vienna (Co-ordination) US National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven, USA (Master
5、 database) 18 data evaluation centres in Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, China (2), France, IAEA, India (2), Japan, Kuwait, Russian Federation, USA (6), Data dissemination centres IAEA, NNDC/USA,Recent IAEA-NDS Coordinated Research Projects,Nuclear Structure and Decay Data: Relevant IAEA-NDS Coordinate
6、d Research Projects,IAEA-TECDOC-619, September 1991,Primary Objectiveproduce a recommended set of decay parameters for selected radionuclides judged as the most important for the efficiency calibration of equipment used to detect and quantify X-ray and gamma-ray emissions,X-ray and Gamma-ray Standar
7、ds for Detector Calibration,X-ray and Gamma-ray Standards for Detector Calibration,Participants W. Bambynek, CEC-JRC, Central Bureau for Nuclear Measurements (CBNM), Geel, Belgium Y. Yoshizawa, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima-shi, Japan R.G. Helmer, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL), Idah
8、o Falls, Idaho, USA N. Coursol, Laboratoire de Metrologie des Rayonnements Ionisants (LMRI), Gif-sur-Yvette, France F.J. Schima, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA T. Barta and R. Jedlovszky, National Office of Measures (OMH), Budapest, Hungary P. Chri
9、stmas, National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, Middlesex, UK K. Debertin, Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany A.L. Nichols, AEA Technology, Winfrith Technology Centre, Dorchester, Dorset, UK,Ancillary Objectives selection of appropriate (efficiency) calibration
10、 nuclides assessment of the status of existing data identification of data discrepancies and limitations stimulation of measurements to meet data needs evaluation and recommendation of improved efficiency calibration data cover as wide a range of photon energy as possible (5 keV to 10 MeV),X-ray and
11、 Gamma-ray Standards for Detector Calibration,Ancillary Objectives contd X-ray and low-energy gamma-ray emitting radionuclides from 5 to 100 keV commonly used and readily available nuclides nuclides used and offered as standards by national laboratories, multi-line nuclides for rapid calibrations de
12、finition of a set of single-line nuclides to avoid the need for coincidence summing corrections choice of nuclides with accurately known emission probabilities,X-ray and Gamma-ray Standards for Detector Calibration,International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA-TECDOC-619, September 1991coordination of me
13、asurements within the project stimulation of measurements outside the project recommended decay data for 36 radionuclides up to a -ray energy of 3.6 MeV recommended X-ray data from 5 to 90 keV consideration of neutron and proton capture reactions for higher -ray energies (up to 14 MeV),X-ray and Gam
14、ma-ray Standards for Detector Calibration,Update of X-ray and Gamma-ray Decay Data Standards for Detector Calibration and Other Applications(1998 2003)Project Officer: M. Herman IAEA Nuclear Data Section,International Nuclear Data Committee, 1997: strongly recommended IAEA to re-visit and place furt
15、her emphasis on the development of improved decay data for “standards” applicationsdetector efficiency calibrationother applications (e.g. nuclear medicine, dosimetry, safeguards and environmental monitoring),Update of X-ray and Gamma-ray Decay Data Standards,Participants M.-M. B, BNM-CEA/LNHB, Cent
16、re dEtudes Nucleaires de Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France V.P. Chechev, VG Khlopin Radium Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia O. Helene and V.R. Vanin, Instituto de Fsica, Universidade de So Paulo, Brazil R.G. Helmer, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho Falls, USA S. Hlav, Ins
17、titute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia A. Marcinkowski, The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland G.L. Molnr, Institute of Isotope and Surface Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary A.L. Nichols, AEA Technology plc, Harwell, UK E. Schnfeld and R. Dersch, Phy
18、sikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany M.J. Woods, Centre for Ionising Radiation Metrology, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK,Update of X-ray and Gamma-ray Decay Data Standards,Main issues Update of the existing database - IAEA-TECDOC-619 - data for 36 radionuclides wer
19、e revisited including revised experimental data measured and published after 1990, - average X-ray energies and emission probabilities are given in IAEA-TECDOC-619 require systematic analysis of the energies and emission probabilities of the individual K1, K2, K1 and K2 components Additional radionu
20、clides - 68 radionuclides formulated at Consultants Meeting and adopted as a suitable starting point; re-defined as 62 radionuclides and two heavy element decay chains Extension of energy range - new nuclear techniques suffer from a lack of high-energy calibration standards (e.g. radiotherapy);- dat
21、a required for the calibration of -ray detectors up to 25 MeV - appropriate radionuclides (56Co, 66Ga) and nuclear reactions identified and -ray emission probabilities were compiled and evaluated,Update of X-ray and Gamma-ray Decay Data Standards,Main issues contd - coincidence: absolute -ray detect
22、ion efficiency without absolutely calibrated -ray source: - angular correlation coefficients of specific nuclei from 136 keV to 2.75 MeV, - 24Na, 46Sc, 60Co, 66Ga, 75Se, 88Y, 94Nb, 111In, 134Cs, 152Eu and 207Bi5. Covariances - lack of necessary data (and detail) in published measurements, - instruct
23、ions proposed for communication to authors concerning data requirements for covariance analysis,Update of X-ray and Gamma-ray Decay Data Standards,Evaluation ProcedureEvaluations undertaken in conjunction with Decay Data Evaluation Project (DDEP) member laboratories of the International Committee fo
24、r Radionuclide Metrology (ICRM) - co-ordinator: E. Browne (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), - CRP evaluations carried out under agreed DDEP methodology/procedures for consistency, - recommendations reviewed and approved by DDEP prior to acceptance for CRP, - adopted by DDEPhttp:/www.nucleide.
25、org/DDEP_WG/DDEPdata.htm,Update of X-ray and Gamma-ray Decay Data Standards,Update of X-ray and Gamma-ray Decay Data Standards,Selected radionuclides and applications (cont.).,Update of X-ray and Gamma-ray Decay Data Standards,Selected radionuclides and applications (cont.).,Update of X-ray and Gamm
26、a-ray Decay Data Standards,Selected radionuclides and applications (cont.).,Update of X-ray and Gamma-ray Decay Data Standards,High-energy Gamma-ray Standards:,226Ra up to 2.45 MeV 56Co up to 3.55 MeV 66Ga up to 4.8 MeV 14N(n, )15N* up to 10.8 MeV 35Cl(n, )36Cl* up to 8.6 MeV 48Ti(n, )49Ti* up to 6.
27、8 MeV 50,52,53Cr(n, )51,53,54Cr* up to 9.7 MeV 11B(p, )12C* up to 13.9 MeV 14N(p, )15O* up to 8.3 MeV 23Na(p, )24Mg* up to 11.6 MeV 27Al(p, )28Si* up to 10.8 MeV,Update of X-ray and Gamma-ray Decay Data Standards,CRP Final Report Update of X Ray and Gamma Ray Decay Data Standards for Detector Calibr
28、ation and Other Applications, Volumes 1 and 2M.-M. B, V.P. Chechev, R. Dersch, O.A.M. Helene, R.G. Helmer, M. Herman, S. Hlav, A. Marcinkowski, G.L. Molnr, A.L. Nichols, E. Schnfeld, V.R. Vanin and M.J. WoodsSTI/PUB/1287, May 2007 International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria ISBN 92-0-113606-4Data availabilityRecommended complete decay schemes available at:http:/www.nucleide.org/DDEP_WG/DDEPdata.htm,Update of X-ray and Gamma-ray Decay Data Standards,http:/www-nds.iaea.org/,
