1、1,Therapeutic Modalities PE 236 Juan Cuevas, ATC,2,Using Therapeutic Modalities,Incorporated into _ program as adjuncts to exercise _ and thermotherapy Ultrasound and electrical stimulation _ and traction Require special instruction and supervised clinical experience In absence of _ coach may opt fo
2、r simple modalities within scope of expertise,3,Cryotherapy / Cold Therapy,_ Relief A decreased nerve transmission in _ Cold reduces the activity of free _ Cold raises the pain threshold Cold causes a release of endorphins Cold sensations over-ride the pain sensation - known as the _ Stops Bleeding
3、and _ By cooling the surface of the skin and underlying tissues, ice causes the narrowing of blood vessels, a process known as _,4,Cryotherapy / Cold Therapy,Reduces Muscle _ Muscle spasm is often a response to _ Decreases Metabolic Rate By reducing the cells metabolic rate, ice reduces the cells _
4、requirements. Thus when blood flow has been limited by vasoconstriction then the risk of cell death due to oxygen demands (secondary _) will be lessened.,5,Cryotherapy / Cold Therapy,_- Ice Cups (7-10 minutes) Ice bath (_ degrees F) GameReadyRecommended 20 minutes every 1-2 hours For the first 48-72
5、hrs post injury _,6,Thermotherapy,Used post-_ (after swelling stops) Increase blood flow (_) Facilitate reabsorption of injury by-products Useful as analgesic and for relaxation effects Be careful not to use too soon in healing process Cold should be used for first _ hours post injury Reduces Muscle
6、 _,7,Thermotherapy,Moist heat packs Hot _ Continuous ultrasound,8,Moist heat packs (hydrocollator packs) Silicate gel in cotton pads Maintained in thermostatically controlled hot water (_) Retain water and relatively constant heat for 20-30 minutes Requires the use of 6 layers of toweling to avoid b
7、urning patient Athlete should _ on top of pack,9,Electrical Stimulation,_ Interferential current Pain control Over stimulation of _ Gate Mechanism of Pain Control,10,Electrical Stimulation,_ Muscle re-education Contract / relax Post _,11,Massage,Systematic manipulation of _ of the body Involves _, c
8、ompressing, stretching, percussing, and vibrating Produce specific responses in athlete Causes mechanical, physiological, and psychological _,12,Uses: Encourage _ drainage Stretch superficial _ tissue Stretch connective tissue (friction massage) Increase _ due to increased metabolism Helps to remove
9、 lactic acid or edema Assist normal venous blood return to heart _,13,Importance of the Healing Process Following Injury,There is a sequence and time frame for various _ of the healing process Interference with healing process will delay return to full activity Work to create optimal healing _ Littl
10、e can be done to speed the process, while much can be done to _,14,_ Response PhaseBegins immediately following injury critically important Without the inflammatory phase the other phases will _ Chemical mediators are released to facilitate _ Symptomatically presents with the following Redness, _, w
11、armth, tenderness and loss/disordered _ Stage lasts 2-4 days following injury,15,_ Repair PhaseProliferative and regenerative activity occurs resulting in _ formation (fibroplasia) Occurs within initial hours of injury and continues up to _ S&S of inflammatory phase subside Athlete will _ experience
12、 some tenderness and pain with motion With increasing development of the scar, complaints of pain and tenderness will _,16,_-Remodeling Phase_-term process Re-alignment of scar tissue according to tensile forces acting on tissue Re-align to position of maximum efficiency (parallel to lines of tension) Tissue gradually resumes normal _ and function After 3 weeks Firm, strong, contracted, nonvascular scar exists Maturation may take several _ to be totally complete,
