1、Entrance, Exit and Exclusion Labour Market Flows of Foreign Born Adults in Swedish “Divided Cities”,Charlotta Hedberg Department of Human Geography Stockholm University, SwedenPaper presented at the 4th International Conference on Population Geographies 10-13 July 2007, Hong Kong,”Divided cities” an
2、d labour markets,Segregation and ”neighbourhood effects” Less affluent areas hamper socio-economic careersForeign born in the labour market,Vulnerable labour markets,Labour markets as fluid, but highly segmented spaces Constituted by multiple flows Embedded in the individual life course Study, paren
3、tal leave, unemployment International migration Structures Discrimination, social capital, segmentation,Entrance,Exit,Exclusion,Aim to investigate social mobility patterns of the foreign born population in urban areas in Sweden Hypotheses The foreign born population has a higher degree of exclusion
4、than native born a higher labour turnover (entrance and exit) The population of ”distressed” neighbourhoods have a less favourable labour mobility,Data,PLACE the longitudinal database All individuals Annual data Geocoded Income tax returnDesign of the study Foreign & Swedish born Adult cohort (25-40
5、 year-olds) Period of economic recovery (1993-2002) ”Distressed” areas & surrounding city regions Stockholm and Malm8 main categories,Classification of livelihood positions,Employment Vulnerable positions Unemployment Social allowance Other vulnerable positions,Other life course events Student Paren
6、tal leave Age-pension Death Emigration Other events,Employment 1993-2002,Vulnerable positions 1993-2002,Livelihood positiosn 1993-2002,Transitions matrix Example,Unequal ”pace” towards the labour market,Unequal ”pace” towards vulnerability,Stability between positions,Increasing employment stability
7、Decreasing stability on vulnerable positions among foreign born,Out-migration 1993-2002,Small neigihbourhood effects in Stockholm,Conclusions foreign born in the labour market,Entrance General improvement Growing stability Slower ”pace”,Regional vulnerability: ”distressed” areas in Malm,Exit High tu
8、rnover Higher pace of exitExclusion 25 %,Conclusions cont.,Convergence between foreign and native born groups Polarisation within the group of foreign born No ”neighbourhood effects” No socio-economic selectivity in out-migration from Stockholm Segregation in the labour market Fluid but segmented space,Thank you for listening!Questions? ,
