1、Equine Diseases,Stephen R. Schafer, EdD 2006 University of Wyoming,D. Karen Hansen, PhD 2001 University of Wyoming,Information Development,Much effort and time was devoted to:developing accurate/current informationincorporating appropriate pictures/graphicsproviding proper credit of pictures/graphic
2、sobtaining user/educational permissionAny and/or all errors, omissions, etc. are purely unintentional and/or accidental.This presentation was developed for use as resource and is provided as an educational service. User and/or purchase fees are not associated with this presentation.,Disease Manageme
3、nt,Prevention is the singularly most important aspect Vaccinate regularly with your veterinarians advice Keep horse areas cleaned up and sanitized Proper feeds and feeding managementControl is invaluable once a disease is diagnosed Separate ill horses (have an isolation area) Disinfecting is a corne
4、rstone of many control measuresCure is the goal once a disease is diagnosed Get treatment early to avoid additional complications Rigorously follow the prescribed treatment guidelines,Rabies,Common in some areas, not in othersViral Disease/InfectionAnimal to animal transmission by a biteVaccinate,En
5、cephalomyelitis,Equine Encephalomyelitis Encephalitis = inflammation of the brain Commonly known as “sleeping sickness”Viral Disease/Infection (three types or stains): Eastern Western VenezuelanTransmitted by mosquitoesVaccinate,Tetanus,Also known as “lockjaw” Causes muscle stiffness Muscle/body rig
6、idity Mostly fatalCaused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani Spores can live anywhere Enter body through woundsVaccinate,Exertional Rhabdomyolysis,Also known as “azoturia” and “tying up” Metabolic disorders involving muscles Soreness and stiffness of muscle usually upon exerciseCause is abnormal car
7、bohydrate metabolismControl measures/recommendations include Lower soluble carbohydrates in diet is usually helpful More vigorous monitoring of feeding practices Proper conditioning of horse is essential,Influenza,Commonly, it is simply known as the “flu” Very common respiratory disease Causes dry c
8、ough, clear nasal discharge fever Very debilitating; esp. if put back to work too soon Highly contagiousViral Disease/InfectionVaccinate, frequently New strains evolve and develop Traveling, different areas may have a different strain,Rhinopnemonitis,Known as “rhino” (in many areas of US)Rhinopnemon
9、itis = EHV - 1 and EHV-4 Both cause respiratory problems; dry cough, clear nasal discharge EHV-1 can also cause abortion in pregnant mares Highly contagiousVaccinate, frequently Especially pregnant mares, due to abortion factor Because it is highly contagious,Strangles,Known as “strep throat” of hor
10、ses Symptoms are: sore throat, abcesses of lymph nodes, off feed, and fever Usually affects young horses Highly contagious Mortality is usually low Bacterial disease, caused by Streptococcus equiDaily monitoring of horse is key for early detection,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,Commonly known
11、 as “heaves”Allergic reaction by bronchioles; similar to asthma/asthmatic reactions in humansControl measures/recommendations include Do not feed dusty or moldy hay Do not feed dusty or moldy other feedstuffs More vigorous monitoring of feeding practices,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Heaves
12、),Drawing: Equus,Flu, Rhino, Strangles, & Heaves: All Respiratory Problems Of Some Sort,Drawing: Equus,Other Diseases,Other diseases may be a problemCan/will vary from location to locationOthers diseases that may be encountered Equine Viral Arteritis Potomac Horse Fever (transmitted by ticks) Equine
13、 Infectious Anemia (swamp fever) Transmitted by mosquitoes More common in warmer/humid climates Coggins Test or Elisa test for antibodies, required for all horses traveling out of state,Colic,What Is Colic?,A syndrome (not an actual disease)It is caused by digestive tract problemsLocated in the abdo
14、minal cavityColic = much pain for the horse,Colic Is Digestive Problems,Drawing: Unknown Source,Signs Of Colic,Off feedUneasiness and rollingLooking at abdomenKicking at abdomenSweatingIncreased heart rate ( 60 bpm)Increased respiration rate,Types Of Colic,Gaseous: gas formation in the digestive tra
15、ctImpaction: blockage of the intestineSpasmodic: severe contraction of intestineIntestinal Accidents: twists, hernia, etc.,Causes Of Gaseous Colic,Over Ingestion of Feed Too much grain Too much lush green grass Greedy Eating (gaseous or impaction) Moldy or Spoiled HayMoldy or Spoiled Feed,Causes Of
16、Impaction Colic,Low Quality Indigestible Roughage Sand and/or Other Foreign ObjectsMineral Imbalance Improper Chewing (due to lack of tooth care)Greedy Eating (can be impaction or gaseous) Lack of WaterLack of effective regular deworming,Causes Of Spasmodic Colic,Feeding large amounts infrequently T
17、oo much water given to hot horse Irregular exerciseStress,Treatment Of Colic,Usually considered a veterinary emergencyTreatment is dependent on type of colicPain killers (provide comfort)Mineral oil (ease of movement, relieve pressure)RehydrationSurgery,Colic: Preventative Measures,Free Choice High
18、Quality Water High-quality = cool, clear, and clean Except immediately after work Adequate Regular Exercise Daily exercise, if confinedProper Health Care Keep all vaccinations current Regular dental examinations Follow deworming guidelines,Colic: Preventative Measures,High Quality Feedstuffs No mold
19、 or dust No fines or finely ground feeds Adequate Forage No mold or dust High-quality & digestible forage/hay = fewer stems, more leaves Daily, a minimum of 1% of horses body weight in forage or haySound Feeding Management Feed horses individually Feed horses at regular intervals Feed up off the gro
20、und in feeders Spread grain out in a shallow feeder Split into 2 or more feedings if grain exceeds .5% of body weight,Related/Similar Diseases,Laminitis (Founder): can be caused by over ingestion of soluble carbohydratesTying Up; Azoturia: can be caused by over ingestion of soluble carbohydrates whe
21、n workload is reduced,Reducing Colic: Why?,“The right thing to do”Performance enhancementTo reduce the chance of large and preventable veterinary billsPossible loss of the horse ($),Colic: In Review,Pain in the abdomenColic can be mild or life-threateningCan be caused by lack of parasite control, poor feeding management, lack of proper health careManagement causes are largely preventable,Equine Diseases: Summary,PreventionControlCure,
