1、11-1,Intelligent Support Systems,11-2,Intelligent Systems and Artificial Intelligence,Artificial intelligence and intelligent behavior Comparing artificial and natural intelligence Conventional versus AI computing Commercial artificial intelligence field,11-3,Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent
2、Behavior,Artificial intelligence (AI) is concerned with two basic ideas. First, it involves studying the thought processes of humans; second, it deals with representing those processes via machines (computer, robots, etc.).,11-4,Objectives of AI,To make machines smarter Understand what intelligence
3、is To make machines more useful,11-5,Intelligent Behavior,Learning or understanding from experience Making sense of ambiguous or contradictory messages Responding quickly and successfully to new situations Using reason to solve problems and direct actions effectively,11-6,Intelligent Behavior,Dealin
4、g with complex situations Applying knowledge to manipulate the environment Recognizing the relative importance of different elements in a situation,11-7,Artificial and Natural Intelligence AI Advantages over Natural Intelligence,AI is more permanent AI offers ease of duplication and dissemination AI
5、 can be less expensive AI is consistent and thorough AI can be documented,11-8,Artificial and Natural Intelligence Natural Intelligence Advantages over AI,Natural intelligence is creative Natural intelligence enables people to benefit from and directly use sensory experiences,11-9,Artificial and Nat
6、ural Intelligence Natural Intelligence Advantages over AI,Natural intelligence enables people to recognize relationships between things, sense qualities, and spot patterns that explain how various items interrelate Human reasoning is always able to make use of a context of experiences,11-10,11-11,Co
7、mmercial AI Field,Expert systems (ES) Natural language Robotics and sensory systems Computer vision and scene recognition Intelligent computer-aided instruction (ICAI) Machine learning Handwriting recognizers,11-12,Expert System (ES),An ES is decision-making software that can reach a level of perfor
8、mance comparable to - or even exceeding that of - a human expert in some specialized problem area.,11-13,Benefits of ES,Increased output and productivity Increase quality Capture of scarce expertise and its dissemination Operation in hazardous environments Accessibility to knowledge,11-14,Benefits o
9、f an ES,Reliability Increased capabilities of other computerized systems Ability to work with incomplete or uncertain information Provision of training,11-15,Benefits of ES,Enhancement of problem solving capabilities Decreased decision making time,11-16,Components of Expert Systems,11-17,Other Intel
10、ligent Systems,Natural language processing (NLP) and voice technology Neural computing Fuzzy logic Intelligent agents,11-18,Natural Language Processing and Voice Technology,Applications of natural language processing (NLP) Speech (voice) recognition and understanding Advantages of speech recognition
11、 Voice synthesis,11-19,Applications of Natural Language Processing,11-20,Advantages of Speech Recognition,Ease of access Speed Manual freedom Remote access Accuracy,11-21,Benefits and Applications of Neural Computing,Potential to provide some of the human characteristics of problem solving Recogniti
12、on of patterns and characteristics Fault-tolerance Generalization Adaptability,11-22,Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) - Business Applications,Tax fraud Financial services Loan applications evaluation Solvency prediction New product analysis Airline fare management Prediction,11-23,Artificial Neural
13、Networks (ANN) - Business Applications,Evaluation of personnel and job candidates Resource allocation Data mining Foreign exchange rate Stock, bond, and commodities selection and trading Signature validation,11-24,Fuzzy Logic,Fuzzy logic is a technique, developed by Zadeh, that deals with uncertaint
14、ies by simulating the process of human reasoning, allowing the computer to behave less precisely and logically than conventional computers do.,11-25,Intelligent Agent (IA),Intelligent agents are software entities that carry out some set of operations on behalf of a user or another program, with some
15、 degree of independence and in so doing, employ some knowledge or representation of the users goals.,11-26,11-27,Major Tasks Performed by IA,Information access and navigation Decision support and empowerment Repetitive office activity Mundane personal activity Search and retrieval Domain experts,11-
16、28,Applications of IA,User interface Operating systems agents Spreadsheet agents Workflow and administrative management agents Software development Negotiation in electronic commerce,11-29,Emerging Technology: Virtual Reality (VR),How does it work VR and the internet/intranets VR and decision making
17、,11-30,How Does VR Work,11-31,Managerial Issues,Cost-benefit and justification Heightened expectations Acquiring knowledge System acceptance System integration,11-32,Managerial Issues,System technologies Ethical issues,11-33,Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. All rights reserved. Reprod
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