1、Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Internet POPs, Telecom Hotels, and Internet Data Centers,CS 294-3 The Converged Network Spring 2002 George Porter,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Internet: collection of networks,This talk is about connectivity and computation How do the networks in the Internet com
2、municate with each other? What do transit providers do with their traffic? Motivation for computation in the network (Internet Data Centers),Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Computers increasingly connected,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley -
3、 EECS,NSFnet,1987-1995 Managed by Merit ANS, IBM, MCI, State of Michigan Consisted of T-1 connections In 1992, moved to T-3 links run by Advanced Network & Services (ANSnet),Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Post NFSnet,vBNS (very high-speed backbone network services) run by MCI Additional NAPs (Netw
4、ork Access Points) MAE-East, D.C. MFS Datanet (now MCI Worldcom) Ameritech, Chicago Ameritech PacBell, San Jose PacBell Sprint, Pennsauken, NJ - Sprint,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Many new Commercial NAPs,ATLnap (Atlanta) Bellcore Multimedia exchange NY6iX New York IPv6 MAE-LA Seattle IX MAE-Ho
5、uston,PAIX Equinix eXchange Linx (London) FreeIX (France) AMS-IX (Amsterdam) etc,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Internet POPs: Two Examples,NeoSoft Inc., Houston Texas AMS-IX (Amsterdam),Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Internet POPs: Two Examples,NeoSoft Inc., Houston Texas AMS-IX (Amsterdam),Spr
6、ing 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,BBS in 1989, became an ISP in 1992 Founder Karl Lehenbauer (Left) I worked there from 1994-1999,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Initial Connectivity,Originally, NeoSoft connected to NSFnet via Sesquinet Rice T1 cost $14k up front, $2k/month Cisco router IGS $10k 198.?.
7、xx.yy from Sesquinets address space,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,New Connectivity,Eventually bought fractional DS3 from MCI (Sprint wouldnt route less than /20 due to problems) On own CIDR block (128 class Cs: 206.109) BGP-4 running on Cisco 7513 Router $15k/month,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EEC
8、S,Peering,Peered with UUnet for 2 months NeoSoft had a large webserver, and served out much more traffic than inbound Became member of MAE/Houston MAGE (Metro Area Gigabit Ethernet) via Phonoscope ($4k/month!),Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Experiences in Peering,Many other local providers didnt h
9、ave a clue! INSYNC misconfigured their routes, and traffic would be outbound through MAGE, inbound through random other routes Often advertised incorrect BGP updates PSInet: Advertised Dial-up ISDN,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Hops, Multihoming,In 1994, the Sprint and MCI handoff was in Chicago
10、20 hops to next door neighbor Eventually exchanged in Dallas Experimented with Multihoming (DS3 and T1 to Cable & wireless) Not too good, BGP administration Plan was for recovery,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,NeoSoft Internet America,In 1999, Internet America buys NeoSoft for $8M Houston office c
11、loses I get laid off ,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Internet POPs: Two Examples,NeoSoft Inc., Houston Texas AMS-IX (Amsterdam),Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,AMS-IX,Carrier-neutral peering point Founded in 1994 100+ members 565 Tbytes/month AT&T, Akamai, Dynegy, Digital Island, Deutsche Telecom
12、, France Telecom, Global Crossing, UUnet NL, etc,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Organization,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,How to Join,Companies apply for membership after agreeing to numerous policies (sometimes voting is involv
13、ed) Cost 10baseT = 500,00 euro/month 100baseT = 850,00 euro/month 1000base T = 1200,00 euro/month 1 euro = 0.87 USD (12/26/2002),Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Computation in the network,It makes sense to move servers and content to places of high connectivity By the economics of scale it is cheap
14、er to provide connectivity, power, management, etc to many customers at a central site,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Example: eXchange,Paul Ave location in SF: 350K sq. ft People can rent cabinets, racks, cages In addition to being a data center, also a huge connectivity point,Spring 2002,U.C. Be
15、rkeley - EECS,Services,UPS + generator Office space Climate Control “Meet me” room with carriers and other service providers Professional monitoring Security (hand scanners, guards) Fire control,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,waveExchange,Unique facility located across the street from eXchange 20+
16、 carriers Near fiber routes/loops Carriers can meet in “meet me rooms” Service between ASPs, ISPs, CDNs Opened Nov 2, 2001,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Tenants of waveExchange,AT&T, Cogent, Enron, Level3, PacBell, Qwest, Sigma, Worldcom, Williams Communications, Xo, PAIX, others Network effect H
17、uge connectivity + Highly available services,Spring 2002,U.C. Berkeley - EECS,Summary,Progression from leased lines to NAPs to peering points gives ISPs options I havent even mentioned private peering arrangements Putting computation in the network at the points of connectivity enables new services that can meet demand,
