1、Internet2 Engineering and Abilene Update,Westnet Meetings : Boulder Guy Almes ,29 June 2001,Outline of Talk,Internet2 Engineering Objectives Abilene History and Status Engineering Update Multicast, IPv6, QoS Issues in End-to-End Performance,Internet2 Engineering Objectives,Provide our universities w
2、ith superlative networking: Performance Functionality Understanding Make superlative networking strategic for university research and education,The End to End Challenge,Support advanced networking end to end Performance 100 Mb/s across the country normative several multiples possible in some cases F
3、unctionality Multicast Quality of Service IPv6 Measurements,Abilene Update,Original Abilene Objectives - 15-Apr-98,Provide high-quality, widely available Interconnect among participating gigaPoPs/universities Connect to Internet2 members via the vBNS and to other key research/ education sites via In
4、ternet2/NGI-class federal and non-US nets,Abilene Objectives, cont.,Support advanced functionality Maximize Robustness Minimize Latency Provide Capacity to Avoid Congestion,Key Attributes,12 Router Nodes Cisco 12008 Routers Qwest collocation OC48 Interior Circuits connect them Packet over Sonet in a
5、ll cases Access: 52 total OC3, OC12, and some OC48 via any Qwest Sonet PoPs (Access Nodes) ATM and POS both supported,Abilene Partners,Qwest: Sonet and Collocation Nortel: OC192 Sonet ADMs Cisco: 12008 Routers Indiana University: NOC,Abilene core,Seattle,Kansas City,Denver,Cleveland,New York,Atlanta
6、,Houston,Sunnyvale,Los Angeles,Indianapolis,Washington,The Qwest plow laying: - two conduits - one with 96 fibers - one empty,Abilene Router Nodes being assembledSummer 1998,Qwest right of way PoP,60 Hudsonan early carrier hotel,Abilene Connections by (roughly) summer 2001,Current Status,About 50 Co
7、nnections Growing number of OC3-to-OC12 POS upgrades e.g., NYSERnet Buffalo but also NoX, Univ Pennsylvania, Florida 185 Participants in 50 States and DC Puerto Rico soon,Sponsored Education Group Participants Other Possible,Increasing Routing Complexity,Abilene International Transit Network with CA
8、*net3 and StarTap Abilene policy on Federal Labs differentiate Federal Labs from BB agencies,Abilene Traffic Matrix,International Peering,STAR TAP APAN/TransPAC, CA*net3, IUCC, RENATER, REUNA, SURFnet, SINET, TAnet2 CERnet, (HARnet),New York DANTE*, JANET, NORDUnet, SURFnet CA*net3,Seattle CA*net3,
9、(AARnet),Sunnyvale (SINET),Los Angeles SingAREN, SINET,Miami (REUNA, RNP2, RETINA),El Paso (CUDI),San Diego CUDI,Early NoF Planning,Commitment to ongoing needs of the Internet2 infrastructure beyond 2003 Leverage growing DWDM/fiber provisioning with many 10-Gb/s ls Needs: Leverage Backbone/GigaPoP/C
10、ampus structure Serious attention to international/federal peering Current advanced services now normative,The Houston Flood,Tropical storm Allison hit Houston hard 26 inches in 24 hours Abilene was effected by this Houston Router Node went down Saturday morning No news until mid-day Monday “Technic
11、ians could not access this facility until late this afternoon when it was determined that the Abilene equipment there had been damaged beyond repair.“,The Houston Flood, cont.,Then (!), on Tuesday morning, it came up First, just a few circuits Operational for most Texas/Louisiana connectors Last cir
12、cuit came up Thursday Networking, like baseball, is a “game of inches“,Advanced Functionality,Multicast IPv6 QoS,Internet2 Multicast,Multicast Working Group Kevin Almeroth, Univ California Santa Barbara, chair Encouraging more pervasive high-quality deployment of native IP multicast throughout the I
13、nternet2 infrastructure Fighting fires Keeping an eye on SSM Clarifying the application story,Internet2 Multicast Architecture,PIM-SparseMode multicast routing within an Autonomous System quite scalable notion of rendezvous points MBGP between Autonomous Systems MSDP Source Discovery,Longer-term WG
14、Issues,Scalability (what happens if it does catch on?) Exploring the role of Source-Specific Multicast,Could SSM be Enough?,Classic Multicast Group has global significance A user creates, joins, sends to g Others can join, then send to and/or listen to g MBGP, PIM-SM, MSDP triad Source Specific Mult
15、icast Group has local significance A user s creates, sends to Others can subscribe to, then list to No need for MSDP (or allocation of values),Implications of SSM,Simplify Multicast Routing / Addressing No need for global class-D address allocation No need for source discovery Complicates few-to-few
16、 applications Define all the members of the application-level group Both a burden and an opportunity Allows better Security, Scalability Requires new version of IGMP,Multicast Summary,Full functionality supported now Deployment steadily increasing Some international peering, e.g., CA*net3 Performanc
17、e excellent Scalability? Applications?,Internet2 IPv6,IPv6 Working Group Dale Finkelson, Univ Nebraska, chair Build the Internet2 IPv6 infrastructure Educate campus network engineers to support IPv6 Explore the Motivation for IPv6 within the Internet2 community,IPv6 Infrastructure,vBNS and Abilene b
18、oth support IPv6 Abilene IPv6 with IPv6/IPv4 Four backbone nodes: Cisco 7200 Atlanta, Pittsburgh, Denver, and Indianapolis Managed by the Abilene NOC IPv6 WG: address allocation and engineering coordination,Education / Training Goals,IPv6 hands-on workshop Lincoln, Nebraska; 17 May 2001 starting fro
19、m scratch, build an IPv6 network, including routers, hosts, DNS tools and various transition tools, ending up with a functional IPv6 network fully interconnected to the global Internet. Materials from this workshop will be available to enable gigaPoPs and others to use in their own workshops.,Explor
20、e IPv6 Motivation,Why should our users, campus decision-makers, and community generally care about IPv6? we like Steve Deering IPv6 preserves the classic end-to-end transparency of the Internet architecture improved support for mobility key for IPsec key for the scalability of the Internet The answe
21、rs must be pragmatic.,Internet2 QoS,Quality of Service Working Group Ben Teitelbaum, Internet2 staff, chair QBone Premium Service Scavenger Service Architectural and ad-hoc projects,QBone Premium Service,For a given bit/second rate, minimize: Delay and variation in delay, and Loss And support Intero
22、perability of separately designed/managed IP networks (e.g., Abilene, gigaPoP, ESnet, campus) Interoperability of different (compliant) equipment This is hard and very important,Abilene Premium Service,Goal Make APS a reference implementation of QBone Status CAR policing + uncongested ABES Seven par
23、ticipating connectors Summer 2001: Turn on PQ and stochastically detect illegal EF traffic via NetFlow monitoring Fall 2001: Engine-3-based real policing,Scavenger Service,Suppose there were a less-than-best-efforts IP service within Internet2? users can mark their packets LBE best-efforts traffic g
24、enerally routed before LBE traffic what bottom-feeding applications would emerge? much easier than Premium Service,Other Abilene items,DDoS Detection Technique Development collaboration of Asta Networks and the NOC reflects open measurement/management stance similar relation anticipated with Arbor N
25、etworks High Performance Demos Fall Member Meeting; Austin in October SC2001; Denver in November,Issues in End-to-End Performance,The Current Situation,Our universities have access to an infrastructure of considerable capacity examples of 240 Mb/s flows End-to-end performance varies widely but 40 Mb
26、/s flows not always predictable users dont know what their expectations should be Note the mismatch,What are our Aspirations?,Candidate Answer #1: Switched 100BaseT + Well-provisioned Internet2 networking 80 Mb/s But user expectations and experiences vary widely,What are our Aspirations?,Candidate A
27、nswer #2: Lower user expectations and minimize complaining phone calls There is a certain appeal I suppose.,What are our Aspirations?,Candidate Answer #3: Raise expectations, encourage aggressive use, deliver on performance/functionality to key constituencies. Not the easy way, but necessary for suc
28、cess,Why should we Care?,“We“ as the university community. “We“ as campus networking specialists. “We“ as networking professionals. “We“ as the (broad) Internet2 project. Low aspirations are dangerous to us.,End to End Performance Initiative,Goal: To create a ubiquitous, predictable, and well-suppor
29、ted environment in which Internet2 campus network users have routinely successful experiences in their development and use of advanced Internet applications, by focusing resources and efforts on improving performance problem detection and resolution throughout campus, regional, and national networki
30、ng infrastructures.,Threats to End to End Performance,BW = C x packet-size / ( delay x sqrt(packet-loss ) (Mathis, Semke, Mahdavi, and Ott, CCR, July 1997) Context: Network capacity Geographical distance Aggressive application,Threats to End to End Performance,Fiber problems dirty fiber dim lighting
31、 not quite right connectors,Threats to End to End Performance,Fiber problems Switches horsepower full vs half-duplex head-of-line blocking,Threats to End to End Performance,Fiber problems Switches Inadvertently stingy provisioning mostly communication happens also in international settings,Threats t
32、o End to End Performance,Fiber problems Switches Inadvertently stingy provisioning Wrong Routing asymmetric best use of Internet2 distance,Threats to End to End Performance,Fiber problems Switches Inadvertently stingy provisioning Wrong Routing Host issues NIC OS / TCP stack CPU,Perverse Result,User
33、s think the network is congested or that the Internet2 infrastructure cannot help them Planners think the network is underutilized, no further investment needed, or that users dont need high performance networks,Promising Approaches,Work with key motivated users Shining a flashlight on the problem M
34、easurements Divide-and-Conquer Understanding Application Behavior Getting it right the first time,Internet2 End-to-End Performance Initiative,Very recently hired / deployed staff Cheryl Munn-Fremon, initiative director Russ Hobby, chief technical architect George Brett, chief information architect $
35、1.5M budgeted by Internet2,Internet2 End-to-End Performance Initiative,Distributed measurement infrastructure Enable rapid effective understanding of why an instance of end-to-end performance is limited Make the work of PERT members rewarding Enable initiation of tests by PERT members Teams of perfo
36、rmance analysis specialists (PERTs) Dissemination of best practices,Internet2 End-to-End Performance Initiative,Distributed measurement infrastructure Teams of performance analysis specialists (PERTs) members at campuses, gigaPoPs, backbones socially and technically coordinated committed to effectin
37、g radical change Dissemination of best practices,Internet2 End-to-End Performance Initiative,Distributed measurement infrastructure Teams of performance analysis specialists (PERTs) Dissemination of best practices Identify key techniques, tools, and best practices Make them common Work toward widesp
38、read / routine excellent user experiences Improve the reputation / status of network engineers,Anticipated Partners,NLANR: DAST, MOAT, and NCNE Web100 Project Abilene partners Leading campuses and gigaPoPs Internet2 corporate members,Internet2 Measurements,Measurement Working Group Matt Zekauskas, I
39、nternet2 Staff Define architecture: Usage Active Measurements of Performance Passive Measurements Uniform Access to Results Contributing to Measurement Infrastructure for the E2EPerf,Applications for Measurements,End-to-end Performance Debugging Verification of QoS Performance Characteristics Suppor
40、t for Operations Forward engineering of new infrastructure Supporting research, e.g., by university computer scientists,Active Measurements within Abilene,Surveyors with: Active delay/loss measurements Ad hoc throughput tests,Application to Performance Debugging,Application to Performance Debugging,
41、Divide and Conquer,Systematically identify/isolate the network segment at fault Can we make this systematic and (eventually) automated?,Access to Key Resources,Optical telescopes in Hawaii CRAFT Project PACI Supercomputer Facilities CERN,Working Groups as Opportunities,We intend the WGs to be effect
42、ive as: means for interested engineers to sink their teeth into hard Internet2 engineering problems means for disseminating best practices etc to the Internet2 membership New Engineering Area of Internet2 web site due up by 14-Feb-01,Internet2 and Stephen F Austin,Can we defeat distance as a barrier
43、 to: human collaboration? effective access to key instruments / data sources? For very large research universities, this is somewhat important, but it is key for smaller ones!,Applications Communities,General notion: distributed sets of researchers who collaborate at a distance High Energy Physics (CERN, MIT, Caltech) Space Physics & Aeronomy Research Collaboratory Geospatial Information Systems community These groups explore why advanced Internet2 infrastructure is important,
