1、Introduction to Language and Society Course Our Textbook,Trudgill, Peter. 2000. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society, 4th edition. London: Penguin Books.,Most of the PowerPoint slides for this course come from this book.,1/16,Outline of Fromkin, Rodman & Hyams, Chapter 10: Langu
2、age in Society,Dialects Accents Dialects of English Phonological Differences Lexical Differences Syntactic Differences Standard Language,Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language, 7th edition. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.,2/16,Outline of Fromkin, Rodman & Hyams,
3、Chapter 10: Language in Society,Banned Languages Revival of Languages African American English Pidgins and Creoles Styles, Slang, and Jargon Taboo Language Language, Sex, and Gender,Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language, 7th edition. Boston: Thomson Wadswor
4、th.,3/16,Table of Contents of Trudgills Sociolinguistics,LANGUAGE AND 1. Society (= Sociolinguistics) 2. Social Class 3. Ethnic Group 4. Sex / Gender 5. Context 6. Social Interaction 7. Nation 8. Geography 9. Contact 10. Humanity,4/16,Sociolinguistic Course Goals, Teach you something that may change
5、 the way you look at language use. Help you avoid misunderstandings between people from different cultures. Help you avoid giving offense. Help you avoid being offended.,5/16,Language Uses, Communicate information Establish relationships Maintain relationships Evaluate/Assess people (their status),6
6、/16,What might the way someone speaks tell us about them?,1. Social/Class background (Social Dialect); 2. What kind of work (maybe, maybe not) 3. Where from (Regional Dialect) 4. Education 5. Ethnic group 6. IN group / OUT group,7/16,Linguistic Variation, Pronunciation (Accent) Vocabulary Syntax (Gr
7、ammar),8/16,Taiwan and Beijing Mandarin Dialect Differences 1,PronunciationRetroflexes / Labials + / Use of word-final suffix -兒 / NO -兒,9/16,Taiwan and Beijing Mandarin Dialect Differences 2,Vocabulary Locative suffixes: 上 面 (-面 / -邊 / -頭)Specific words for tomato, taxi, potato, etc.,10/16,Taiwan a
8、nd Beijing Mandarin Dialect Differences 3,SyntaxPast A-not-A Questions 你 有 沒 有 吃 蘋 果？Resultative Verb A-not-A Questions 你 聽 不 聽 得 懂？,11/16,Some Social Factors in Language Variation, Hometown Education Status in society Age Gender Formality of situation,12/16,Communicative Competence (Based on Hymes)
9、,1. Grammatical Competence2. Sociolinguistic Competence3. Discourse Competence 4. Strategic Competence,Oxford, Rebecca L. 1990. Language Learning Strategies. Boston: Heinle & Heinle Publishers, p. 7.,13/16,Sociolinguistic Competence, What do you call the Department chair when you address him? What d
10、o you call people you meet for the first time? How do you interact POLITELY with others? How do you ask someone to do you a favor? What questions are considered taboo? What do you say to comfort someone whose family member has died? What does it mean when someone invites you to “Drop by anytime.”?,1
11、4/16,Sociolinguistic Competence (in L1), You know how to compliment people. You know how to respond to compliments. You know how to ask someone for help. You know how to respond (refuse) politely. You know how to apologize if you accidentally step on someone foot. And how to reply. You know the polite way (and the rude way) to say many things.,15/16,Sociolinguistic Errors vs. Grammar Errors, The latter are obviously grammar errors The former we assume you must have made INTENTIONALLYYOU ARE JUST RUDE,16/16,
