1、AAUS Scientific Diving History and Regulations,Objectives,Upon completion of this module, the participant will be able to: Define scientific diving Outline the History of Scientific Diving and the exemption to OSHA commercial diving standards Identify the mission, purposes and goals of AAUS,Objectiv
2、es,Upon completion of this module, the participant will be able to: Outline the operational control mechanism within Scientific Diving Discuss policies, procedures, and requirements detailed in AAUS Scientific Diving Standards,Scientific Diving,Scientific diving is defined (29 CFR 1910.402) as divin
3、g performed solely as a necessary part of a scientific, research, or educational activity by employees whose sole purpose for diving is to perform scientific research tasks,History of the Scientific Diving Exemption,In 1982, OSHA exempted scientific diving from commercial diving regulations (29 CFR
4、Part 1910, Subpart T) under certain conditions which are outlined below The final guidelines for the exemption became effective in 1985 (Federal Register, Vol. 50, No. 6, p. 1046),History of the Scientific Diving Exemption,1975 - Petition filed by United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of Amer
5、ica AFL-CIO Urged an emergency temporary standard (ETS) be issued with respect to diving operations ETS issued on June 15, 1976 to be effective July 15, 1976,History of the Scientific Diving Exemption,Challenged in U S Court of Appeals by several diving contractors ETS withdrawn in November 1976 and
6、 permanent standard was formulated Final Standard for Commercial Diving became effective October 20, 1977 Scientific diving was not exempted,History of the Scientific Diving Exemption,American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS) was formed to petition OSHA for an exemption Submitted arguments for
7、ANPR on October 15, 1979 Self-regulation Consensual standard for over 20 years Low accident incidence rate Final Ruling granting exemption effective November 28, 1982,Scientific Diving Exemption 29CFR 1910.401(2)(iv),OSHA exempted from commercial diving regulations any diving operation defined as sc
8、ientific diving and which is under the direction and control of a diving program containing at least the following elements:,Scientific Diving Exemption 29CFR 1910.401(2)(iv),A diving safety manual which includes at a minimum: Procedures covering all diving operations specific to the program; includ
9、ing procedures for emergency care, recompression and evacuation; and the criteria for diver training and certification,Scientific Diving Exemption 29CFR 1910.401(2)(iv),Diving control (safety) board, with the majority of its members being active scientific divers, which shall at a minimum have the a
10、uthority to: approve and monitor diving projects, review and revise the diving safety manual, assure compliance with the manual, certify the depths to which a diver has been trained, take disciplinary action for unsafe practices, and assure adherence to the buddy system (a diver is accompanied by an
11、d is in continuous contact with another diver in the water) for scuba diving,29CFR 1910.401(2)(iv) Appendix B to Subpart T,OSHA has granted an exemption for scientific diving from commercial diving regulations under the following guidelines (Appendix B to Subpart T): The Diving Control Board consist
12、s of a majority of active scientific divers and has autonomous and absolute authority over the scientific diving programs operation,29CFR 1910.401(2)(iv) Appendix B to Subpart T,The purpose of the project using scientific diving is the advancement of science; therefore, information and data resultin
13、g from the project are non-proprietary The tasks of a scientific diver are those of an observer and data gatherer Construction and trouble-shooting tasks traditionally associated with commercial diving are not included within scientific diving,29CFR 1910.401(2)(iv) Appendix B to Subpart T,Scientific
14、 divers, based on the nature of their activities, must use scientific expertise in studying the underwater environment and therefore, are scientists or scientists-in-training,The American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS),AAUS,Incorporated in California in 1983 Active since before the OSHA exemp
15、tion of 1982 Currently over 100 organizational members Recognized by OSHA as the scientific diving standard setting organization,AAUS,101 Bienville Blvd Dauphin Island, AL 36528251-861-7504 PhoneEmail: aausdisl.org Web Address: http:/www.aaus.org,AAUS,AAUS Organizational Members, or OM(s), include U
16、niversities, Marine Labs, Museums, and others involved in scientific diving activities throughout the United States and around the world,AAUS Mission Statement,The mission of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS) is to facilitate the development of safe and productive scientific divers
17、through education, research, advocacy, and the advancement of standards for scientific diving practices, certifications, and operations,AAUS Purposes and Goals,To develop, review and revise standards for safe scientific diving certification and the safe operation of scientific diving programs; To co
18、llect, review and distribute statistics relating to scientific diving activities and scientific diving incidents;,AAUS Purposes and Goals,To conduct symposia and workshops to educate the membership and others in safe scientific diving programs and practices; To represent the scientific diving intere
19、sts of the membership before other organizations and government agencies, and;,AAUS Purposes and Goals,To fund research, education and development of safe scientific diving programs and practices,Research vs. Scientific Diver (Rec.) Diver (AAUS),NO STANDARDIZED INSTRUCTION PRACTICAL TRAINING ONLY VA
20、RIABLE NUMBER OF TRAINING DIVES NO MEDICAL LIFETIME CERT NOT RECOGNIZED AS A PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION,OSHA DEFINED MUST MEET AAUS TRAINING STANDARDS AAUS MEDICAL REQUIRED MINIMUM 100 HOURS TRAINING MUST MAINTAIN CERTIFICATION STATUS EMERGENCY TRAINING REQUIRED RECOGNIZED AS A PROFESSIONAL QUALIFIC
21、ATION,AAUS SCIENTIFIC DIVING STANDARDS,AAUS Diving Standards,These standards were developed and written by the AAUS by compiling the policies set forth in the diving manuals of several university, private, and governmental scientific diving programs,AAUS Diving Standards,These programs share a commo
22、n heritage with the scientific diving program at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) Adherence to the SIO standards has proven both feasible and effective in protecting the health and safety of scientific divers since 1954,Volume 1,Sections 1 through 6 Required For All OM Diving Manuals,SE
23、CTION 1: GENERAL POLICY,Purpose,The purpose of AAUS Scientific Diving Standards is to ensure that all scientific diving is conducted in a manner that will maximize protection for scientific divers from accidental injury and/or illness, and set forth standards for training and certification that will
24、 allow a working reciprocity between organizational members,Operational Control,OM Auspices includes any scientific diving operation in which an OM is connected because of ownership of any equipment used, locations selected, or relationship with the individual(s) concerned,Operational Control,This i
25、ncludes all cases involving the operations of employees of the OM or employees of auxiliary organizations, where such employees are acting within the scope of their employment, and operations of other persons who are engaged in scientific diving of the OM or are diving as members of an organization
26、recognized by the OM,Operational Control,It is the OMs responsibility to adhere to the AAUS Standards The administration of the local diving program resides with the OMs Diving Control Board (DCB),Operational Control,Each OM is responsible for the development and maintenance of a scientific diving m
27、anual containing policies and procedures that will enable the OM to meet requirements for local environments and conditions as well as complying with the AAUS minimal standards,Operational Control,The regulations in the OMs Diving Manual shall be observed at all locations where scientific diving is
28、conducted,Operational Control,The Diving Safety Officer (DSO) is responsible through the DCB for the conduct of the OM scientific diving program,Operational Control,The DSO is empowered by the DCB and guided in the performance of the required duties by the advice of the DCB, but operational responsi
29、bility for the conduct of the local diving program is retained by the DSO,Operational Control,The DCB: Has autonomous and absolute authority over the scientific diving programs operation Shall approve and monitor diving projects Shall review and revise the diving safety manual Shall assure complianc
30、e with the diving safety manual,Operational Control,The DCB: Shall certify the depths to which a diver has been trained Shall take disciplinary action for unsafe practices Shall assure adherence to the buddy system for scuba diving,Operational Control,The DCB: Shall act as the official representativ
31、e for the OM in matters concerning the scientific diving program Shall act as a board of appeal to consider diver-related problems Shall recommend the issue, reissue, or the revocation of diving certifications,Operational Control,The DCB: Shall recommend changes in policy and amendments to AAUS and
32、the OMs diving safety manual as the need arises Shall establish and/or approve training programs through which the applicants for certification can satisfy the requirements of the OMs diving safety manual Shall suspend diving programs that are considered unsafe or unwise,Operational Control,The DCB:
33、 Shall establish criteria for equipment selection and use Shall recommend new equipment or techniques Shall establish and/or approve facilities for the inspection and maintenance of diving and associated equipment,Operational Control,The DCB: Shall ensure that the OMs air station(s) meet air quality
34、 standards as described in Section 3.60 of the AAUS manual Shall periodically review the DSOs performance and program Shall sit as a board of investigation to inquire into the nature and cause of diving accidents or violations of the OMs diving safety manual,Operational Control,The Lead Diver: For e
35、ach dive, one individual shall be designated as the Lead Diver This individual shall be at the dive location during the diving operation,Operational Control,The Lead Diver is responsible for: Coordination with other known activities in the vicinity that are likely to interfere with diving operations
36、 Ensuring all dive team members possess current certification and are qualified for the type of diving operation,Operational Control,The Lead Diver is responsible for: Briefing dive team members on: Dive objectives Unusual hazards or environmental conditions likely to affect the safety of the diving
37、 operation Modifications to diving or emergency procedures necessitated by the specific diving operation Suspending diving operations if in their opinion conditions are not safe Reporting to the DSO and DCB any physical problems or adverse physiological effects including symptoms of pressure-related
38、 injuries,Operational Control,Reciprocity and Visiting Scientific Diver: Two or more AAUS OMs engaged jointly in diving activities, or engaged jointly in the use of diving resources, shall designate one of the participating DCBs to govern the joint project,Operational Control,Reciprocity and Visitin
39、g Scientific Diver: A scientific diver from one OM shall apply for permission to dive under the auspices of another OM by submitting to the DSO of the host OM a Request for Diving Reciprocity Form (see AAUS Appendix 6) This form must be signed by the divers home DSO or DCB Chair,Operational Control,
40、Reciprocity and Visiting Scientific Diver: A visiting Scientific Diver may be asked to demonstrate their knowledge and skills for the planned dive If the host OM denies a visiting Scientific Diver permission to dive, the host OM shall notify the visiting diver and their DCB with an explanation of al
41、l reasons for the denial,Operational Control,Waiver of Requirements: The organizational Diving Control Board may grant a waiver for specific requirements of training, examinations, depth certification, and minimal activity to maintain certification,Consequence of Violation of Regulations,Failure to
42、comply with the regulations of the diving manual may be cause for the revocation or restriction of the divers scientific diving certificate by action of the OM DCB,Section 2: Diving Regulations For Scuba (Open Circuit, Compressed Air),Introduction,No person shall engage in scientific diving operatio
43、ns under the auspices of the OM scientific diving program unless they hold a current certification issued pursuant to the provisions of this manual,Pre-Dive Procedures,Dive Plans: Dives should be planned around the competency of the least experienced diver Required for all scientific diving operatio
44、ns Must be formulated by the Lead Diver prior to the start of a project,Pre-Dive Procedures,Dive Plans Include: A list of participants, their qualifications and the type of certificate or certification held by each diver The approximate number of proposed dives The location(s) of proposed dives,Pre-
45、Dive Procedures,Dive Plans Include: Estimated depth(s) and bottom time(s) anticipated Decompression status and repetitive dive plans, if required Proposed work, equipment, and boats to be employed Any hazardous conditions anticipated,Pre-Dive Procedures,Dive Plans Include: An Emergency Plan with the
46、 following information: Emergency contact information for each diver Nearest accessible hospital Nearest operational decompression chamber Available means of transport Emergency contact numbers appropriate for the dive location,Pre-Dive Procedures,Diver Responsibilities: Each diver shall conduct a f
47、unctional check of his/her diving equipment in the presence of the diving buddy or tender; enduring that their equipment is in proper working order and that the equipment is suitable for the planned diving operation,Pre-Dive Procedures,Diver Responsibilities: It is the divers responsibility and duty
48、 to refuse to dive if, in his/her judgment, conditions are unfavorable, or if he/she would be violating the precepts of his/her training, or of the OMs diving manual,Pre-Dive Procedures,Diver Responsibilities: It is the divers responsibility to notify the DSO/Lead Diver/Diving Supervisor if he/she i
49、s unfit to safely participate in diving operations,Pre-Dive Procedures,Equipment Evaluations: Each diver shall on every dive have the capability of achieving and maintaining positive buoyancy A divers flag shall be displayed prominently in areas frequented by boat traffic Appropriate safety, and first aid equipment that is suitable for meeting project needs, and Oxygen will be available on site,Pre-Dive Procedures,The environmental conditions at the site will be evaluated,Diving Procedures,Solo Diving Prohibition All diving activities shall assure adherence to the buddy system,
