1、,Air Quality Surveillance Branch (AQSB),Air Monitoring OperationsPatrick Vaca,Air Quality Surveillance Branch,Branch Overview Air Monitoring Fundamentals Air Quality Monitoring Decisions Air Quality Monitoring Program Data Management AQSB Programs and Special Projects,Air Quality Surveillance Branch
2、,Chief, Bill OslundMission: To support the Boards control by providing air quality data to help define the nature, extent and trend of the states air pollution problem.,Branch Sections (5),Air Quality Monitoring, North Manager, Larry Molek Air Quality Monitoring, Central Manager, Pete Ouchida Air Qu
3、ality Monitoring, South Manager, Curt Schreiber Operations Support Section Manager, Vacant Special Purpose Monitoring Manager, Ken Stroud,Regulations,California Health and Safety Code USEPA 40 Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) 50 - NAAQS 40 CFR 53 - Methods 40 CFR 58 - Monitoring criteria,Definitions
4、,Reference Method Equivalent Method Accuracy Precision Standard Conditions,Air Quality Monitoring Decisions,Monitoring ObjectivesNetwork DesignPurpose of Monitoring SitesScales of Monitoring,Monitoring Objectives,To determine highest concentrations expected to occur in the area covered by network To
5、 determine representative concentrations in areas of high population density To determine impact on ambient pollution levels of significant source categories To determine background concentration levels,Network Design,Eventual Use of the Data Modeling Baseline conditions Land use decisions Planning
6、decisions Previous Monitoring History,Network Design,Emission Sources Stationary sources Mobile sources Growth and projected new sources Fugitive Sources Re-entrained Sources,Network Design,Pollutant Transport Topography or Terrain Climatology and Meteorology Population Levels Population Centers,Net
7、work Design,Available Monitoring Sites Station Start-up Costs Equipment Lease space tenant improvements Station Operation Costs Equipment operation and maintenance Station costs (lease payments, heating, etc) Support Personnel (spare parts, repair, etc),Purpose of Monitoring Sites,State and Local Ai
8、r Monitoring Stations (SLAMS) Natl Air Monitoring Stations (NAMS) Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) Special Purpose Monitoring (SPM),Scales of Monitoring,Microscale Concentrations in air volumes from several meters up to 100 meters Midd
9、le Scale Concentrations in air volumes from 100 meters up to about .5 Km Neighborhood Concentrations in air volumes from .5 Km to 4 Km,Scales of Monitoring,Urban Concentrations in air volumes from 4 to 50 Km Regional Concentrations in rural air volumes from tens to hundreds of Km National and Global
10、 Concentrations in air volumes from representing a nation or the world as a whole,Monitoring Objectives and Scale,Monitoring Objective,Appropriate Siting Scales,Highest Concentration,Population,Source Impact,General / Background,Micro, Middle, Neighborhood (sometimes Urban),Neighborhood, Urban,Micro
11、, Middle, Neighborhood,Neighborhood, Regional, Global,Station Configuration,ARB has a standard configurationDistrict may have their own configuration parameters,Station Siting,40 CFR 58 - Siting Guidelines If Not Properly Sited - Cannot Rely on Results Each Pollutant Has Different Requirements Based
12、 on Pollutant Properties Siting Criteria Also Dependent on: Objective Purpose Scale,Air Monitoring Instrumentation,Gaseous Ozone, CO, NOx, HC, SO2 Meteorological Instruments Particulate Toxics Calibration Instrumentation,Ambient Air Monitoring Program,Criteria Pollutants Meteorological Particulate T
13、oxics Acid Deposition,Criteria Pollutant Monitoring,Gaseous Criteria PollutantsOzoneCarbon MonoxideNitrogen DioxideSulfur Dioxide,Ozone,Colorless gas with a pungent, irritating odor Continuously monitored with analyzers that measure the amount of UV absorbed by molecular ozone Sampling Method (Ultra
14、violet Photometry) Equivalent Method,Ozone,Standards,Level,Time,0.12 ppm0.08 ppm,1 hr8 hr,California,Federal,0.09 ppm,1 hr,Ozone,Analyzers UV Analyzers Mercury lamp (UV Source) Analytical wavelength = 254 nm Dasibi 1003AH API 400,UV Analyzer,Carbon Monoxide,Colorless, odorless gas Continuously monit
15、ored with analyzers that take advantage of its strong tendency to absorb IR radiation Sampling Method (Non-Dispersive Infared Radiation, NDIR) Reference Method,Carbon Monoxide,Standards,Level,Time,9 ppm 35 ppm,California,Federal,9 ppm * 20 ppm,8 hr 1 hr,8 hr 1 hr,* except Lake Tahoe: 6 ppm,Carbon Mo
16、noxide,Analyzers NDIR Gas Filter Correlation Analytical wavelength 4.7 m TECO 48 Dasibi 3008,NDIR Analyzer,Nitrogen Dioxide,Reddish-brown gas, with irritating odor Continuously monitored indirectly with analyzers that measure total oxides of nitrogen Sampling Method (Gas Phase Chemiluminescence) Ref
17、erence Method,Nitrogen Dioxide,Standards,Level,Time,0.053 ppm,California,Federal,0.25 ppm,1 hr,annual average,Nitrogen Dioxide,Analyzers Chemiluminescence NO + O3 NO2 + h (300 - 500 nm) High energy to generate O3 Directly measure NO only Reduce NO2 to NO in converter Measure total NOx Calculate NO2
18、by difference (NOx - NO) TECO 14B and TECO 42,Chemiluminescence Analyzer,Sulfur Dioxide,Colorless gas, with a strong suffocating odor Continuously monitored with analyzers that measure the level of fluorescence emitted by SO2 after being exposed to UV light Sampling Method (UV Fluorescence) Equivale
19、nt Method,Sulfur Dioxide,Standards,Level,Time,0.03 ppm *0.14 ppm *0.5 ppm *,California,Federal,0.04 ppm 0.25 ppm,24 hr1 hr,annual average 24 hr3 hr,* primary; * secondary,Sulfur Dioxide,Analyzers Fluorescence analyzers UV excitation light (210 nm) Measure emitted light (350 nm) TECO 43,Fluorescence
20、Analyzer,Calibration Equipment,Required to perform nightly calibrations Equipment Dilution Calibration Systems Pure Air Generator Certified Cylinder Gases,Meteorological Monitoring Program,Transport of pollutants Modeling Ag Burn Met One Instruments EPA QA Handbook Volume IV,Meteorological Instrumen
21、ts,Wind Direction Wind Speed Temperature Relative Humidity Rain Fall Atmospheric Pressure,Data Management,Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) Quality Control Instrument technician training Periodic training on existing and new equipment Documentation Equipment calibrations,Data Management,Quality of data
22、 Accuracy and Precision Completeness Valid Hour and Day 30 continuous minutes in any one hr 24 hr period must have in each 8 hr segment (0000-0759,0800-1559,1600-2359) at least 6 hrs of valid hourly data,Data Management,Data Review and Editing Air Quality Data Acquisition System (AQDAS) Collects and
23、 processes data from statewide air monitoring network First, second, third level reviews Checked against strip charts and calibrations Complete data set Reviewed for accuracy and consistency,Data Management,Data Submittal Upload to Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) databaseAir Quality D
24、ata Actions data deletion data correction,AQSB Programs and Special Projects,AQDAS II Mobile Air Monitoring (Rovers) Remote Meteorological Monitoring (Profilers) Saturation Sampling Instrument Intercomparison Study Mexico Border Monitoring,AQDAS II,Next generation data acquisition system Network of
25、Local Area Networks (LANs) using Environmental Monitoring Company (EMC) PC based software Provide central database for air monitoring data Data collected and edited on central system Generate data in AIRS format,Mobile Air Monitoring (Rover),Short to medium ambient air monitoring Full air monitoring
26、 stations Two platforms GMC Van (Blue Rover) Wells Cargo Trailer (White Rover) Current deployments Tecate, Mexico San Diego (Barrio Logan District),Blue Rover,White Rover,Saturation Sampling,Provide rapid and cost effective temporal and spacial distribution of pollutants Sampler consists of (2) 5-li
27、ter tedlar bags, PC board, pump and battery Samples for CO and particulates only,Remote Meteorological Monitoring (Profiler),Provides upper air meteorological data Remote sensing doppler radar w/ acoustic sources Measures horizontal wind speed and direction and virtual temperature profiles,Instrumen
28、t Intercomparison Study,Bakersfield monitoring station (Dec 98 to Jan 99) Evaluated continuous real-time particulate samplers - for possible purchase 25 - 30 samplers New technology (Off-shelf and Prototype) California Regional PM10/PM2.5 Air Quality Study (CRPAQ) Final report (July 99),Mexico Borde
29、r Monitoring,Assist U.S. EPA and SEDESOL (Mexican EPA) in establishing and operating monitoring stations in Tijuana and Mexicali, Mexico Proposed network to consist of 6 stations in each area (4 full stations, 2 particulate stations) 10 currently sites operational Sites operated by contractor,Summary,
