1、America Claims an Empire,Global competition prompts the United States to expand its influence and territory, engage in conflicts around the globe, and build the Panama Canal.,Global Competition,Imperialismpolicy of extending control over weaker nations In 1800s, Europeans divide up most of Africa, c
2、ompete for China Japan joins race for China; U.S. decides to expand overseas,Thirst for New Markets,U.S. farms, factories produce more than Americans can consume U.S. needs raw materials, new markets for goods Foreign trade: solution to overproduction, unemployment, depression,Belief in Cultural Sup
3、eriority,Some combine Social Darwinism, belief in superiority of Anglo-Saxons Argue U.S. has duty to Christianize, civilize inferior peoples”,Early Expansion,William SewardSecretary of State under Lincoln, Johnson 1867, arranges purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million- has trouble convincing
4、 House to fund purchase- Alaska called “Sewards Icebox,” “Sewards Folly” Alaska rich in timber, minerals, oil,The United States Takes Hawaii,1887, businessmen force King Kalakaua to limit vote to landowners Queen Liliuokalani tries to remove landowning requirement With help of marines, business grou
5、ps overthrow queen Set up government headed by Sanford B. Dole President Cleveland cannot make Dole surrender power to queen- recognizes Republic of Hawaii Under President McKinley, Congress proclaims Hawaii U.S. territory,The Spanish-American War,In 1898, the United States goes to war to help Cuba
6、win its independence from Spain,Cubans Rebel Against Spain,American Interest in Cuba U.S. long interested in Cuba; wants to buy Cuba from Spain During 18681878 war for independence, American sympathies with Cuba 1886 abolition of slavery leads to U.S. investment in sugar cane,War Fever Escalates,Spa
7、in Takes Action 1896, General Valeriano Weyler sent to Cuba to restore order Puts about 300,000 Cubans in concentration camps,War Fever Escalates,Headline Wars Newspapers exploit Weylers actions in circulation war Yellow journalismsensational writing used to lure, enrage readers,The U.S.S. Maine Exp
8、lodes,U.S.S. Maine sent to pick up U.S. citizens, protect U.S. property Ship blows up in Havana harbor; newspapers blame Spain,War with Spain Erupts,The U.S. Declares War Spain agrees to most U.S. demands, public opinion still favors war U.S. declares war April 1898,The War in the Philippines,First
9、battle with Spain occurs in Spanish colony of the Philippines Commodore George Dewey destroys Spanish fleet in Manila harbor Filipinos, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, support Dewey August 1898, Spanish troops in Manila surrender to U.S.,Rough Riders,Rough RidersLeonard Wood, Theodore Roosevelt lead volunt
10、eer cavalry Roosevelt declared hero of attack on strategic San Juan Hill Spanish fleet tries to escape blockade, is destroyed in naval battle U.S. troops invade Puerto Rico soon after,Treaty of Paris,Spain, U.S. sign armistice August 1898; meet in Paris to make treaty Spain frees Cuba; hands Guam, P
11、uerto Rico to U.S.; sells Philippines,Debate over the Treaty,Treaty of Paris touches off great debate over imperialism McKinley tries to justify annexation of Philippines on moral grounds Opponents give political, moral, economic arguments against,Acquiring New Lands,In the early 1900s, the United S
12、tates engages in conflicts in Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines,Cuba and the United States,American Soldiers U.S. recognizes Cuban independence from Spain Teller Amendment says U.S. has no intention of taking over Cuba After war U.S. occupies Cuba; has same officials in office as Spain- Cuban p
13、rotestors imprisoned or exiled American military government helps rebuild the countryProtectoratecountry whose affairs partly controlled by stronger one,Protecting American Business Interests,U.S. wants strong political presence to protect American businesses Some object to colonial entanglements, d
14、o not think colonies needed U.S. state department continues to push for control of Latin America,Filipinos Rebel,Philippine-American War Filipinos outraged at Treaty of Paris call for annexation 1899, Emilio Aguinaldo leads fight for independence against U.S. U.S. forces Filipinos to live in designa
15、ted zones in poor conditions- white U.S. soldiers see Filipinos as inferior- black troops troubled at spreading prejudice 20,000 Filipinos die in fight for independence,Filipinos Rebel,Aftermath of the War U.S. president appoints governor who appoints upper house - people elect lower house July 4, 1
16、946, Philippines become independent,Foreign Influence in China,U.S. Interest in China U.S. sees China as vast potential market, investment opportunity France, Britain, Japan, Russia have settlements, spheres of influence,Foreign Influence in China,John Hays Open Door Notes U.S. Secretary of State Jo
17、hn Hay issues Open Door notes Notes ask imperialist nations to share trading rights with U.S. Other powers reluctantly agree asia1900.pdf,The Boxer Rebellion in China,Europeans dominate most large Chinese cities Chinese form secret societies, including Boxers, to expel foreigners Boxers kill hundred
18、s of foreigners, Chinese converts to Christianity U.S., Britain, France, Germany, Japan put down Boxer Rebellion,tar356.htm,Protecting American Rights Hay issues new Open Door notes saying U. S. will keep trade open Open Door policy reflects beliefs about U.S. economy:- growth depends on exports- U.
19、S. has right to keep markets open- closing of area threatens U.S. survival,America as a World Power,The Russo-Japanese War, the Panama Canal, and the Mexican Revolution add to Americas military and economic power.,Teddy Roosevelt and the World,Roosevelt the Peacemaker Roosevelt does not want Europea
20、ns to control world economy, politics 1904, Japan, Russia dispute control of Korea Roosevelt negotiates Treaty of Portsmouth: - Japan gets Manchuria, Korea- Roosevelt wins Nobel Peace Prize U.S., Japan continue diplomatic talks - pledge to respect each others possessions,Panama Canal,U.S. wants cana
21、l to cut travel time of commercial, military ships U.S. buys French companys route through Panama Negotiates with Colombia to build Panama Canal; talks break down French company agent helps organize Panamanian rebellion - U.S. gives military aid U.S., Panama sign treaty; U.S. pays $10 million for Ca
22、nal Zonepanamacanal.pdf,Constructing the Canal,Construction of canal is one of worlds greatest engineering feats- fight diseases, geographic obstacles- at height, 43,400 workers employed tar361.htm,The Roosevelt Corollary,Roosevelt fears European intervention if Latin America defaults Reminds Europe
23、ans of Monroe Doctrine, demands they stay out Roosevelt CorollaryU. S. to use force to protect economic interests,Dollar Diplomacy Early 1900s, U.S. exercises police power on several occasions Dollar diplomacyU.S. guarantees foreign loans by U.S. business,Woodrow Wilsons Missionary Diplomacy,The Mex
24、ican Revolution Missionary diplomacyU.S. has moral responsibility:- will not recognize regimes that are oppressive, undemocratic Under dictator Porfirio Daz, much U.S. investment in Mexico 1911, peasants, workers led by Francisco Madero overthrow Daz General Victoriano Huerta takes over government;
25、Madero is murdered Wilson refuses to recognize Huertas government,Intervention in Mexico Huertas officers arrest U.S. sailors, quickly release them Wilson orders Marines to occupy Veracruz Argentina, Brazil, Chile mediate to avoid war Huerta regime falls; nationalist Venustiano Carranza new presiden
26、t,Rebellion in Mexico Francisco “Pancho” Villa, - Villa a fierce nationalist Wilson recognizes Carranzas government; Villa threatens reprisals- Villas men kill Americans,Chasing Villa,Brig. Gen. John J. Pershing leads force to capture Villa Carranza demands withdrawal of U.S. troops; Wilson at first refuses U.S. faces war in Europe, wants peace on southern border - Wilson orders Pershing home Mexico adopts new constitution: - government controls oil, minerals - restricts foreign investors 1920, Alvaro Obregn new president; ends civil war, starts reforms,The End,
