1、Antarctica II,Stuff you might not know about life on (and around) the frozen continent,Terrestrial animals,Tardigrade,Rotifer,Mite,Springtail,Nematode,Belgica antarctica the Antarctic Midge,Truly weird habitats,Lake Vostok,Adelie penguin,Animalia; Chordata; Aves Sphenisciformes; Spheniscidae Pygosce
2、lis adeliae,Dumont dUrville (1790-1842),Adelie Penguin colonies,500 250,000 individuals,Adult Adelie penguins,Males arrive, build nest, compete for mates Competition for stones Females arrive, lay egg, share incubation with male (although she often disappears for 10 days at a time!) Incubation and f
3、eeding shared,Life cycle of an Adelie Penguin,Hatch, eat and eat and eat,Life cycle of an Adelie Penguin,Hatch, eat and eat and eat Get REALLY BIG Nests break down and chicks form Creches Chick goes through rebellious teen years, moults and goes to sea for 1-3 years, coming ashore only to moult once
4、 a year,Thermal issues,Water is cold! Ice is cold! Nest is cold! Air is cold (but doesnt dissipate heat easily),Predators and mortality,Leopard seals (in water) Skuas (of chicks and eggs) 95% mortality between fledging and first reproduction Life history consequences,Links to the ocean,Colony sites
5、are all on ice-free ground near open water Changes in availability of ice = changes in number of colonies Walking to reach water = very expensive Change in diet during season If fishery crashes, so do the penguins,Penguins track the environment,The Adelie Penguin: Bellwether of climate change David
6、Ainley,Why dont fish freeze?,Water temperature?,Why dont fish freeze?,Seawater temperature: -1.86 C Melting point of body fluids: -0.6 C,Why dont fish freeze?,Fish are regularly in contact with ice,Why dont fish freeze?,The freezing point is not the same as the melting point “Thermal Hysteresis” Antifreeze proteins,Arthur L. De Vries,Why dont fish freeze?,Antifreeze proteins Made in the pancreas Circulate throughout body fluids Prevent ice crystals in the fish from growing,
