1、AP Chemistry Chapter 3 and 4 Jeopardy,Jennie L. Borders,Round 1 Chapter 3,Round 2 Chapter 4,Click to go to Round 2,Chemical Reactions 100,In a chemical reaction, what are the substances to the left of the yield sign and what are the substances to the right of the yield sign?,Reactants Products,Chemi
2、cal Reactions 200,What is the difference in a subscript, a superscript, and a coefficient?,3SO42- 3 = coefficient 4 = subscript 2- = superscript,Chemical Reactions 300,What are the abbreviations for the states of matter encountered in chemical reactions?,(s) = solid (l) = liquid (g) = gas (aq) = aqu
3、eous,Chemical Reactions 400,What is a catalyst and where is it written in a chemical equation?,A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a reaction but is not consumed in the reaction. A catalyst is written above the yield sign.,Chemical Reactions 500,When heat is added as a catalyst, what is written
4、 above the yield sign?,D,Reactions/Balanced Equations 100,Balance the following equation and tell the type of reaction. C5H10O2(l) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(g),2C5H10O2(l) + 13O2(g) 10CO2(g) + 10H2O(g) Combustion reaction,Reactions/Balanced Equations 200,Balance the following equation and tell the type o
5、f reaction. Mg3N2(s) + H2SO4(aq) MgSO4(aq) + (NH4)2SO4(aq),Mg3N2(s) + 4H2SO4(aq) 3MgSO4(aq) + (NH4)2SO4(aq) Double displacement,Reactions/Balanced Equations 300,Write the balanced equation and type of reaction: Zinc metal reacts with sulfuric acid to form hydrogen gas and aqueous zinc sulfate.,Zn(s)
6、 + H2SO4(aq) H2(g) + ZnSO4(aq) Single displacement,Reactions/Balanced Equations 400,Write the balanced equation: When liquid phosphorus trichloride is added to water, it reacts to form phosphorous acid and hydrochloric acid.,PCl3(l) + 3H2O(l) H3PO3(aq) + 3HCl(aq),Reactions/Balanced Equations 500,Wri
7、te the balanced equation and reaction type: When hydrogen sulfide gas is passed over solid hot iron(III)hydroxide, the resultant reaction produces solid iron(III)sulfide and water vapor.,3H2S(g) + 2Fe(OH)3(s) Fe2S3(s) + 6H2O(g) Double Displacement,Molar Mass and % Mass 100,Calculate the molar mass o
8、f potassium permanganate.,KMnO4 = 158 g/mol,Molar Mass and % Mass 200,Calculate the molar mass of chromium(III)sulfate.,Cr2(SO4)3 = 392.3 g/mol,Molar Mass and % Mass 300,Calculate the % by mass of oxygen in morphine, C17H19NO3.,16.84% O,Molar Mass and % Mass 400,Calculate the % by mass of carbon in
9、codeine, C18H21NO3.,77.42% C,Molar Mass and % Mass 500,Calculate the % by mass of each element in cocaine, C17H21NO4.,67.33% C 6.93% H 4.62% N 21.12% O,Empirical/Molecular Formulas 100,What is the molecular formula of a compound with an empirical formula of CH2 and a molar mass of 84 g/mol.,C6H12,Em
10、pirical/Molecular Formulas 200,Give the empirical formula of a compound if a sample contains 11.66g Fe and 5.01g O.,Fe2O3,Empirical/Molecular Formulas 300,Determine the empirical formula of a compound that is 21.7% C, 9.6% O, and 68.7% F.,C3OF6,Empirical/Molecular Formulas 400,Determine the empirica
11、l formula of a compound that is 32.79% Na, 13.02% Al, and 54.19% F.,Na3AlF6,Empirical/Molecular Formulas 500,Caffeine contains 49.5% C, 5.15%H, 28.9% N, and 16.5%O by mass and has a molar mass of 195 g/mol. Determine the molecular formula for caffeine.,C8H10N4O2,Stoichiometry 100,Calculate the numbe
12、r of N atoms in 0.410 mol NH3.,2.27 x 1023 N atoms,Stoichiometry 200,How many moles of chloride ions are in 0.2250g of aluminum chloride?,5.737 x 10-3 mol Cl-,Stoichiometry 300,How many moles of HF are needed to react with 0.300 mol of Na2SiO3? Na2SiO3(s) + 8HF(aq) H2SiF6(aq) + 2NaF(aq) + 3H2O(l),2.
13、40 mol HF,Stoichiometry 400,How many grams of NaN3 are required to form 10.0g of nitrogen gas? 2NaN3(s) 2Na(s) + 3N2(g),15.5 g NaN3,Stoichiometry 500,How many grams of NaN3 are required to produce 10.0 ft3 of nitrogen gas, about the size of an automotive air bag, if the gas has a density of 1.25 g/L
14、. 2NaN3(s) 2Na(s) + 3N2(g),548g NaN3,Limiting Reagent/ % Yield 100,What is the percent yield of bromobenzene when 30.0g of benzene reacts with 65.0g of bromine and 42.3g of bromobenzene is produced? C6H6 + Br2 C6H5Br + HBr,70.1%,Limiting Reagent/ % Yield 200,How many moles of Na2CO3 can be produced
15、when 1.85 mol NaOH and 1.00 mol CO2 are allowed to react? How many moles of excess reactant remain? 2NaOH(s) + CO2(g) Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l),0.925 mol Na2CO3 0.075 mol CO2 remain,Limiting Reagent/ % Yield 300,How many grams of carbon dioxide form when 1.00g sodium bicarbonate and 1.00g citric acid are a
16、llowed to react. How many grams of excess reagent remain? 3NaHCO3(aq) + H3C6H5O7(aq) 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) + Na3C6H5O7(aq),0.524g CO2 0.238g citric acid remain,Limiting Reagent/ % Yield 400,A solution containing 3.50g sodium carbonate is mixed with one containing 5.00g silver nitrate to form solid silve
17、r carbonate and a solution of sodium nitrate. How many grams of sodium carbonate, silver nitrate, silver carbonate, and sodium nitrate are present after the reaction is complete?,Na2CO3(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq) Ag2CO3(s) + 2NaNO3(aq) 0g AgNO3; 1.94g Na2CO3; 4.06g Ag2CO3; 2.50g NaNO3,Limiting Reagent/ % Yiel
18、d 500,If you started with 30.0g H2S and 50.0g O2, how many grams of S8 would be produced in a 98% yield? 8H2S(g) + 4O2(g) S8(l) + 8H2O(g),28g S8,Vocabulary 200,What are the definitions of an acid and a base?,An acid produces H+ ions in solution (proton donor). A base produces OH- ions in solution (p
19、roton acceptor).,Vocabulary 400,Define solute, solvent, and solution.,A solute is a substance that has been dissolved. A solvent is the dissolving medium of a solution and is present in the greatest amount. A solution is a homogeneous mixture.,Vocabulary 600,What is the difference in oxidation and r
20、eduction?,Oxidation is the loss of electrons. Reduction is the gain of electrons.,Vocabulary 800,What is the difference in a complete ionic equation, a net ionic equation, and spectator ions?,A complete ionic equation shows all aqueous substances as ions. A net ionic equation shows only the substanc
21、es or ions that actually react. A spectator ion is an ion that is not directly involved in the reaction.,Vocabulary 1000,What is the difference in the equivalence point and the end point of a titration?,The equivalence point is when the molarity of H+ and OH- ions are equal. The end point is when th
22、e indicator changes colors.,Solutions and Electrolytes 200,What is the difference in a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, and a nonelectrolyte?,A strong electrolyte fully breaks into ions. A weak electrolyte partially breaks into ions. A nonelectrolyte does not break into ions.,Solutions and Elec
23、trolytes 400,You are presented with three white solids, A, B, and C, which are glucose, NaOH, and AgBr. Solid A dissolves in water to form a conducting solution. B is not soluble in water. C dissolves in water to form a nonconducting solution. Identify A, B, and C.,A = NaOH, B = AgBr, C = glucose,So
24、lutions and Electrolytes 600,Specify which ions are present in solution upon dissolving each of the following substances in water: ZnCl2 HNO3 (NH4)2SO4 Ca(OH)2,Zn2+, 2Cl- H+, NO3- 2NH4+, SO42- Ca2+, 2OH-,Solutions and Electrolytes 800,Formic acid, HCOOH, is a weak electrolyte. What solute particles
25、are present in an aqueous solution of this compound? Write the chemical equation for the ionization of HCOOH.,HCOOH, H+, COOH- HCOOH H+ + COOH-,Solutions and Electrolytes 1000,Classify each of the following substances are nonelectrolyte, weak electrolyte, or strong electrolyte in water. H2SO3 C2H5OH
26、 NH3 KClO3 Cu(NO3)2,Weak electrolyte Nonelectrolyte Weak electrolyte Strong electrolyte Strong electrolyte,Precipitates 200,Predict whether each of the following compounds is soluble or insoluble in water: NiCl2 Ag2S Cs3PO4,Soluble Insoluble Soluble,Precipitates 400,Will precipitation occur when Na2
27、CO3 and AgNO3 are mixed? If so, write a balanced equation for the reaction.,Yes. Na2CO3(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq) Ag2CO3(aq) + 2NaNO3(aq),Precipitates 600,Name the spectator ions that are present when solutions of Pb(NO3)2 and Na2S are mixed.,NO3- and Na+,Precipitates 800,Separate samples of a solution of an
28、 unknown salt are treated with dilute solutions of HBr, H2SO4, and NaOH. A precipatate forms in all three cases. Which of the following cations could the solution contain: K+, Pb2+, Ba2+?,Pb2+,Precipitates 1000,An unlabeled bottle contains a solution of one of the following: AgNO3, CaCl2, or Al2(SO4
29、)3. A friend suggests that you test a portion of the solution with Ba(NO3)2 and then with NaCl solutions. Explain how these two tests together would be sufficient to determine which salt is present in the solution.,Ba(NO3)2 would form a precipitate with Al2(SO4)3. NaCl would form a precipitate with
30、AgNO3. CaCl2 would not form a precipitate with either solution.,Acid-Base Reactions 200,Explain which of the following solutions has the largest concentration of solvated protons: 0.2M LiOH 0.2M HI 1.0M CH3OH,0.2M HI that is the only one that dissociates to form H+.,Acid-Base Reactions 400,Label the
31、 following substances are strong or weak acid, strong or weak base, a salt, or none. HF CH3CN NaClO4 Ba(OH)2,Weak acid None Salt Strong base,Acid-Base Reactions 600,Complete and balance the following molecular equation, and then write the net ionic equation: HBr(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) ,2HBr(aq) + Ca(OH)2
32、(aq) 2H2O(l) + CaBr2(aq) Net ionic equation: H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l),Acid-Base Reactions 800,Complete and balance the following molecular equation, and then write the net ionic equation: Cu(OH)2(s) + HClO4(aq) ,Cu(OH)2(s) + 2HClO4(aq) 2H2O(l) + Cu(ClO4)2(aq) Net ionic equation: Cu(OH)2(s) + 2H+(aq)
33、H2O(l) + Cu2+(aq),Acid-Base Reactions 1000,Write the molecular and net ionic equation when solid magnesium carbonate reacts with an aqueous solution of perchloric acid.,MgCO3(s) + 2HClO4(aq) H2O(l) + CO2(g) + Mg(ClO4)2(aq) Net ionic equation: MgCO3(s) + 2H+(aq) H2O(l) + CO2(g) + Mg2+(aq),Oxidation-R
34、eduction Reactions 200,Determine the oxidation numbers for each element in MnO4-.,Mn = +7 O = -2,Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 400,Which element is oxidized and which element is reduced in the following reaction: 3Fe(NO3)2(aq) + 2Al(s) 3Fe(s) + 2Al(NO3)3(aq),Oxidized = Al Reduced = Fe,Oxidation-Redu
35、ction Reactions 600,Which element is oxidized and which element is reduced in the following reaction: PbS(s) + 4H2O2(aq) PbSO4(s) + 4H2O(l),Oxidized = S Reduced = O,Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 800,Write the balanced equation for the following reactions. If no reaction occurs, then write NR. Iron m
36、etal is added to a copper (II) nitrate solution.Zinc metal is added to a solution of magnesium sulfate.,Fe(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) Cu(s) + Fe(NO3)2(aq)NR,Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 1000,Write the balanced molecular and net ionic equations for the reaction between manganese and dilute sulfuric acid. Ide
37、ntify which element is reduced and which is oxidized.,Mn(s) + H2SO4(aq) H2(g) + MnSO4(aq) Mn(s) + 2H+(aq) H2(g) + Mn2+(aq) Oxidized = Mn Reduced = H,Concentration and Stoichiometry 200,Calculate the molar concentration of a solution containing 14.75g of calcium nitrate in 1.375L of solution.,0.06537
38、M Ca(NO3)2,Concentration and Stoichiometry 400,Indicate the concentration of each ion or molecule present in a mixture of 45.0mL of 0.272M NaCl and 65.0mL of 0.0247M ammonium carbonate. Assume that the volumes are additive.,0.111M Na+, 0.111M Cl-, 0.0292M NH4+, 0.0146M CO32-,Concentration and Stoich
39、iometry 600,You have a stock solution of 14.8M NH3. How many milliliters of this solution should you dilute to make 1000.0mL of 0.250M NH3?,16.9mL,Concentration and Stoichiometry 800,What volume of 0.115M HClO4 solution is needed to neutralize 50.00mL of 0.0875M NaOH?,38.0mL,Concentration and Stoichiometry 1000,If 45.3mL of 0.108M HCl solution is needed to neutralize a solution of KOH, how many grams of KOH must be present in the solution?,0.275g KOH,
