1、C+ for the MFE class at UC Berkeley,Yuli Kaplunovsky MFE, MBA, MS-Tax, CFA yuliFinancialS (408) 884 5965,2,Introduction,Based upon “Teach Yourself C+ in 21 Days” http:/ C+ Workshop Sessions S300T (inside Computing Center) #1 - Thu April 6th 1:00PM 3:30PM #2 - Tue April 11th 9:30AM 12:00PM #3 - Thu A
2、pril 20th 1:00PM 3:30PM,3,Sample Program #1,File name: Test.cpp1: #include 2: 3: int main() 4: 5: cout “Hello World!n“; 6: return 0; 7: Hello World!,4,Structure,struct TIME_REC double dHours;double dRate; ;void main() TIME_REC payrollRecord;payrollRecord.dHours = 40.0;payrollRecord.dRate = 3.75;cout
3、 “This weeks payroll information:“ endl;cout “Hours worked : “ payrollRecord.dHours endl;cout “Rate :$“ payrollRecord.dRate endl;double dSalary = payrollRecord.dRate * payrollRecord.dHours;cout “Salary :$“ dSalary endl; ,5,Declaring a Class,class Cat public: unsigned int Age; unsigned int Weight; Me
4、ow(); ;,Defining an Object,unsigned int GrossWeight; / define an unsigned integer Cat Frisky; / define a Cat,6,Accessing Class Members,Frisky.Weight = 50; Frisky.Meow();,Cat Frisky; / just like int x; Frisky.age = 5; / just like x = 5;,If You Dont Declare It, Your Class Wont Have It Cat Frisky; / ma
5、ke a Cat named Frisky Frisky.Bark() / tell Frisky to bark,7,Sample program #2,1: / Demonstrates declaration of a class and 2: / definition of an object of the class, 3: 4: #include / for cout 5: 6: class Cat / declare the class object 7: 8: public: / members which follow are public 9: int itsAge; 10
6、: int itsWeight; 11: ; 12: 13: 14: void main() 15: 16: Cat Frisky; 17: Frisky.itsAge = 5; / assign to the member variable 18: cout “Frisky is a cat who is “ ; 19: cout Frisky.itsAge “ years old.n“; 20: Output: Frisky is a cat who is 5 years old.,8,Implementing Class Methods,void Cat:Meow() cout “Meo
7、w.n“; ,Calling class function,void main() Cat Frisky;Frisky.Meow(); ,9,Using internal variables inside class,void main() Cat Frisky;Cat Whisky;Frisky.itsAge = 3; Whisky.itsAge = 5; cout “Frisky says: “; Frisky.Meow();cout “Whisky says: “; Whisky.Meow(); Frisky says: Meow Meow Meow Whisky says: Meow
8、Meow Meow Meow Meow,class Cat public: int itsAge;int itsWeight;void Meow(); ,void Cat:Meow() / the older the cat, the more noisy it is. for ( int I = 0 ; I itsAge ; I+ )cout “Meow “;cout “n“; ,10,Public / Private,class Cat public: int GetAge(); void SetAge(int age); void HappyBirthday(); private: in
9、t itsAge; ;int Cat:GetAge() return itsAge; void Cat:SetAge(int age) itsAge = age; ,void main() Cat Frisky;Frisky.SetAge(5);cout “Frisky is a cat who is “ ;cout Frisky.GetAge() “ years old.n“;Frisky.HappyBirthday();cout “Frisky is a cat who is “ ;cout Frisky.GetAge() “ years old.n“; Frisky is a cat w
10、ho is 5 years old. Frisky is a cat who is 6 years old.,void Cat:HappyBirthday() itsAge+; ,11,constructors and destructors,class Cat public: Cat(int initialAge); / constructorCat(); / destructorint GetAge(); void SetAge(int age); void Meow(); private: int itsAge; ;,/ constructor of Cat Cat:Cat(int in
11、itialAge) itsAge = initialAge; Cat:Cat() / destructor cout “Bye bye n“; ,int main() Cat Frisky(5);Frisky.Meow();cout “Frisky is a cat who is “ ;cout Frisky.GetAge() “ years oldn“;Frisky.Meow();Frisky.SetAge(7);cout “Now Frisky is “ ;cout Frisky.GetAge() “ years oldn“;return 0; Meow. Frisky is a cat
12、who is 5 years old. Meow. Now Frisky is 7 years old. Bye bye ,12,Different Files,class Cat public:Cat (int initialAge);int GetAge() return itsAge; / inline!void SetAge (int age) itsAge = age; / inline!void Meow(); private:int itsAge; ;,Cat class declaration in cat.h,#include #include “cat.h“ / be su
13、re to include the header file!Cat:Cat(int initialAge) itsAge = initialAge; Cat:Meow() cout “Meow.n“; int main() Cat Frisky(5);Frisky.Meow();cout “Frisky is a cat who is “ ;cout Frisky.GetAge() “ years old.n“;Frisky.Meow();Frisky.SetAge(7);cout “Now Frisky is “ ;cout Frisky.GetAge() “ years old.n“;re
14、turn 0; ,Cat implementation in cat.cpp,13,1: #include 2: 3: typedef unsigned short int USHORT; 4: typedef unsigned long int ULONG; 5: enum BOOL FALSE, TRUE; 6: enum CHOICE DrawRect = 1, GetArea, 7: GetPerim, ChangeDimensions, Quit; 8: / Rectangle class declaration 9: class Rectangle 10: 11: public:
15、12: / constructors 13: Rectangle(USHORT width, USHORT height); 14: Rectangle(); 15: 16: / accessors 17: USHORT GetHeight() return itsHeight; 18: USHORT GetWidth() return itsWidth; 19: ULONG GetArea() return itsHeight * itsWidth; 20: ULONG GetPerim() return 2*itsHeight+2*itsWidth; 21: void SetSize(US
16、HORT newW, USHORT newH); 22: 23: / Misc. methods 24: void DrawShape() const; 25: 26: private: 27: USHORT itsWidth; 28: USHORT itsHeight; 29: ;,31: / Class method implementations 32: void Rectangle:SetSize(USHORT newW,USHORT newH) 33: 34: itsWidth = newW; 35: itsHeight = newH; 36: 37: 38: 39: Rectang
17、le:Rectangle(USHORT width, USHORT height) 40: 41: itsWidth = width; 42: itsHeight = height; 43: 44: 45: Rectangle:Rectangle() 46: 47: USHORT DoMenu(); 48: void DoDrawRect(Rectangle); 49: void DoGetArea(Rectangle); 50: void DoGetPerim(Rectangle); 51:,Comprehensive Example,14,52: void main () 53: 54:
18、/ initialize a rectangle to 10,20 55: Rectangle theRect(30,5); 56: 57: USHORT choice = DrawRect; 58: USHORT fQuit = FALSE; 59: 60: while (!fQuit) 61: 62: choice = DoMenu(); 63: if (choice Quit) 64: 65: cout “nInvalid Choice, please try again.nn“; 66: continue; 67: 68: switch (choice) 69: 70: case Dr
19、awRect: 71: DoDrawRect(theRect); 72: break; 73: case GetArea: 74: DoGetArea(theRect); 75: break; 76: case GetPerim: 77: DoGetPerim(theRect); 78: break;,79: case ChangeDimensions: 80: USHORT newLength, newWidth; 81: cout newWidth; 83: cout newLength; 85: theRect.SetSize(newWidth, newLength); 86: DoDr
20、awRect(theRect); 87: break; 88: case Quit: 89: fQuit = TRUE; 90: cout “nExiting.nn“; 91: break; 92: default: 93: cout “Error in choice!n“; 94: fQuit = TRUE; 95: break; 96: / end switch 97: / end while 98: / end main,15,101: USHORT DoMenu() 102: 103: USHORT choice; 104: cout choice; 112: return choic
21、e; 113: 114: 115: void DoDrawRect(Rectangle theRect) 116: 117: USHORT height = theRect.GetHeight(); 118: USHORT width = theRect.GetWidth(); 119: 120: for (USHORT i = 0; iheight; i+) 121: 122: for (USHORT j = 0; j width; j+) 123: cout “*“; 124: cout “n“; 125: 126: 127: 129: void DoGetArea(Rectangle t
22、heRect) 130: 131: cout “Area: “ theRect.GetArea() endl; 132: 133: 134: void DoGetPerim(Rectangle theRect) 135: 136: cout “Perimeter: “ theRect.GetPerim() endl; 137: ,16,Overloading functions,void myFunction (int, int); void myFunction (short, char); void myFunction (int);The functions must differ in
23、 their parameter list: with a different type of parameter, a different number of parameters, or both.,void myFunction (int A, int B) printf(“First Func, A=%d. B=%dn“, A,B); void myFunction (short A, char B); printf(“Second Func, A=%d. B=%cn“, A,B); void myFunction (int A); printf(“Third Func, A=%dn“
24、, A); void main() myFunction( 1, 2 );myFunction( 5, T );myFunction( 12 ); First Func A=1, B=2 Second Func A=5, B=T Third Func A=12,17,Overloading constructors,class Cat public: Cat(int initialAge); / constructor #1Cat(); / constructor #2int GetAge(); void SetAge(int age); void Meow(); private: int i
25、tsAge; ;,/ constructor of Cat #1 Cat:Cat(int initialAge) itsAge = initialAge; / constructor of Cat #2 Cat:Cat() itsAge = 0; ,int main() Cat Frisky(5);Cat Whisky(); ,18,Inheritance: derive one class from another,class Mammal public:Mammal();Mammal();int GetAge();void SetAge(int);int GetWeight();void
26、SetWeight();void Speak();void Sleep();protected:int itsAge;int itsWeight; ;,enum BREED SHETLAND, DOBERMAN, LAB ;class Dog : public Mammal public:Dog();Dog();BREED GetBreed() const;void SetBreed(BREED);protected:BREED itsBreed; ;,void main() Dog fido;fido.SetAge(3);fido.SetBreed( SHETLAND );cout “Fid
27、o is “ fido.GetAge() “ years oldn“; ,19,Inheritance: Overriding Functions,class Mammal public:/ constructorsMammal() cout “Mammal constructor.n“; Mammal() cout “Mammal destructor.n“; void Speak() cout “Mammal sound!n“; void Sleep() cout “shhh. Im sleeping.n“; protected:int itsAge;int itsWeight; ;,cl
28、ass Dog : public Mammal public:Dog() cout “Dog constructor.n“; Dog() cout “Dog destructor.n“; void WagTail() cout “Tail wagging.n“; void BegForFood() cout “Begging for food.n“; void Speak() cout “Woof!n“; private:BREED itsBreed; ;,int main() Mammal bigAnimal;Dog fido;bigAnimal.Sleep();bigAnimal.Spea
29、k();fido.Sleep();fido.Speak();return 0; Mammal constructor. Mammal constructor. Dog constructor. Shh. Im sleeping. Mammal sound! Shh. Im sleeping. Woof! Dog destructor. Mammal destructor. Mammal destructor.,20,Pointer to a class,void PrintDogsAge( Dog * P ) printf(“The age of the ”“Dog is: %d n“, P-
30、GetAge(); ,void main() Dog *pFido = new Dog;pFido-SetAge( 4 );PrintDogsAge( pFido );Dog *pMyDog;pMyDog = pFido;PrintDogsAge( pMyDog );Dog Barky;Barky.SetAge(3);pMyDog = ,Exercise: Write the output of this program,21,Virtual,class Mammal public:Mammal():itsAge(1) cout “Mammal constructor.n“; Mammal()
31、 cout “Mammal destructor.n“; void Move() cout “Mammal move one stepn“; virtual void Speak() cout “Mammal speak!n“; protected:int itsAge; ;,class Dog : public Mammal public:Dog() cout “Dog Constructor.n“; Dog() cout “Dog destructor.n“; void WagTail() cout “Wagging Tail.n“; void Speak() cout “Woof!n“;
32、 void Move() cout “Dog moves 5 steps.n“; ;,int main() Mammal *pDog = new Dog;pDog-Move();pDog-Speak(); Mammal constructor. Dog Constructor. Mammal move one step Woof!,Dog Fido;Fido.Move();Fido.Speak();Mammal constructor. Dog Constructor. Dog moves 5 steps Woof! Dog destructor Mammal destructor,22,Vi
33、rtual Why do we need it?,For example, you could create many different types of windows, including dialog boxes, scrollable windows, and list boxes, and give them each a virtual draw() method. By creating a pointer to a window and assigning dialog boxes and other derived types to that pointer, you ca
34、n call draw() without regard to the actual run-time type of the object pointed to. The correct draw() function will be called.,Exercise: Write example of three classes: base class (CWindow), and two derivative classes (CListBox and CDialogBox) which implement the function draw differently. And a fun
35、ction that receives a pointer of the type CWindow, and calls the draw function.,23,Static variables,class Cat public:Cat(int age):itsAge(age) HowManyCats+; virtual Cat() HowManyCats-; virtual int GetAge() return itsAge; virtual void SetAge(int age) itsAge = age; static int HowManyCats;private:int it
36、sAge; ;,int Cat:HowManyCats = 0; void main() const int MaxCats = 5; int i;Cat *CatHouseMaxCats;for (i = 0; iGetAge() “ years oldn“;delete CatHousei;CatHousei = 0; ,There are 5 cats left! Deleting the one which is 0 years old There are 4 cats left! Deleting the one which is 1 years old There are 3 ca
37、ts left! Deleting the one which is 2 years old There are 2 cats left! Deleting the one which is 3 years old There are 1 cats left! Deleting the one which is 4 years old,24,Static Function simple,class Cat public: static int GetNumberOfCats() return HowManyCats; static int HowManyCats;private:int its
38、Age; ;,int Cat:HowManyCats = 4; void main() int I = Cat:GetNumberOfCats(); ,25,Static Function very complicated,class CBuf public:int A;void CloseCompresBuf();static void StaticCloseCompresBuf( void *B ) (CBuf *)B)-CloseCompresBuf(); ;void CBuf:CloseCompressedBuf() printf(“A = %dn“, A ); ,typedef *F
39、UNC(void *); FUNC *gFunc; void *gParam;void Set_Timer_Timeout( FUNC Func, void *Param ) gFunc = Func;gParam = Param; void Timer_timeout() gFunc( gParam ); ,void main() CBuf *Buf1 = new CBuf;Buf1-A = 11;Set_Timer_Timeout( (FUNC *) CBuf:StaticCloseCompresBuf, Buf1 );Timer_timeout(); / emulate interrup
40、t ,26,Next week:,More examples MFC classes CString etc Writing Windows application using CDialog,Exercise / Homework: This was the basic foundation of C+ Spending ONLY 2.5 hours in class is NOT enough to master the foundation The easiest way to memorize it and get more familiar with it is to surprisingly simple - COPY all the samples and run them one by one on your PC.And based on this foundation,
