1、Career Management: Securing Your Future,Chapter 18 Objectives,Understand the forces shaping our economy and how they effect the types of jobs available. Explain the skills needed to manage your career. Explain how to learn about occupations, organizations, and job openings. Write a solid resume.,Cha
2、pter 18 Objectives,Use appropriate behavior and communication during a job interview. Identify ways to handle job search stress and respond to job offers. Explain strategies for starting and ending jobs.,Forces Shaping the Workforce,Demographics Diversity Working parents Older workers Technological
3、advances Take away routine tasks once done by people Require highly skilled workers Globalization Relocation of jobs Requires international communication and interaction,Managing Your Career,Pursue skills and knowledge; do not wait for your employer to train you. Recognize trends in job growth and d
4、ecline. Adjust to new work environments and systems. Develop job-seeking skills. Identify your skills and values. Identify your personal strengths and potential obstacles.,Learning about Careers,Online resources School career-counseling centers Local libraries Department of Labors CareerOneStop web
5、site Occupational Outlook Handbook (online or print version) Informational interviews,Learning about Organizations,Local business directories Local Chamber of Commerce Company annual reports Online and library resources Hoovers Forbes Standard and Poors Thomas Register Encyclopedia of Associations,L
6、earning about Job Openings,Networking Direct approach The Internet Newspaper want ads Job hot lines Employment agencies,Temporary agencies Job fairs Summer jobs/internships School placement office,Evaluating Prospects,Identify and compare job parameters: Salary Location Hours People/groups Outdoors/
7、indoors Size of company Dress code/culture Supervision/flexibility,Resume Writing Tips,Limit the resume to one page unless you have extensive experience. Target your resume to specific employers. Do not enclose a photo or provide personal information. List activities and hobbies that are relevant to
8、 the position. Be specific about your accomplishments. Expect to complete several revisions, and enlist someone to help you proofread. Make your resume pleasing to the eye, but keep it simple. Print the resume on 8 x 11” white/off-white, high-grade paper.,Making Your Resume Text-Based/Scannable,Use
9、popular industry key words throughout the resume and especially in a well-worded summary section. Print in highest quality, “letter quality” mode. Avoid formatting, such as bold, italics, bullets, lines, tables, and shading. Use Arial or Times Roman font in 11- or 12-point size. Do not fold, crease,
10、 or staple. Use only white or off-white, 8 x 11” paper.,Resume Formats,Chronological resume Identifies work experience in chronological order; most recent experience first Good for those who have continuous work history with progressively more responsible positions Functional resume Emphasizes skill
11、s that can be transferred to other areas Good for reentering the job market, changing careers, little work experience, frequent job changes Hybrid or combination resume Incorporates chronological and functional forms,References,Individuals who can vouch for your work abilities and personal qualities
12、 Former bosses and coworkers Teachers Fellow professionals Acquaintances who know you socially Do not list references on your resume. Make a separate reference list and be ready to provide it when requested. Do not list references without their permission.,Filling Out a Job Application,Follow direct
13、ions carefully. Answer all questions. Write neatly in blank ink or word process. Make sure answers are correct and well phrased. Proofread carefully for errors. Use complete and accurate addresses in the references section. Be sure the form is attractive, neat, and clean. Sign and date the applicati
14、on.,Preparing for an Interview,Prepare thoughtful, honest answers to common interview questions. Prepare to ask questions about the company and position. Verify the time, date, location, and name of interviewer. Research as much information about the company as possible. Be sure that you know how to
15、 get to the location. Be prepared for different interview forms. Know your salary requirements and local salary ranges. Practice with a friend, and get honest feedback. Videotape yourself and evaluate your performance.,Tips for Successful Interviews,Be on your best behavior from the time you enter c
16、ompany property. Arrive a few minutes early. Dress conservatively and appropriately for the position. Use proper hygiene and grooming. Do not smoke or chew gum. Smile and be pleasant to everyone you meet. Use eye contact but do not stare. Make a good impression during the first moments. Explain how
17、your qualifications make you the best candidate for the position.,Tips for Successful Interviews,Never speak badly about a previous employer. Explain any negative work experiences in an unemotional manner, emphasizing what you learned and how you improved. Ask several questions about the job or comp
18、any. Do not bring up salary first. If asked about salary requirements, discuss appropriate ranges. Remain enthusiastic even if you feel the position isnt for you. Ask for the job and ask when a decision will be made. Be prepared to take pre-employment tests.,Inappropriate Interview Questions,Questio
19、ns related to the following topics are inappropriate in an interview: Age Marital status Children Criminal record National origin Religion Disability These usually indicate an inexperienced interviewer but may indicate discrimination. Dont refuse to answer questions. Work to draw the conversation ba
20、ck to your skills and experience, or ask how the information is relevant to the position.,Follow-Up after an Interview,Immediately after an interview, write a thank-you note to each of the individuals with whom you interviewed. Express thanks/appreciation. Emphasize your interest and briefly re-stat
21、e your qualifications. Ask for the job. Make a good impression with a neat, error-free letter. Keep interview progress charts to help you measure your job search progress.,Handling Rejection,Join (or create) a job search club or group. Meet regularly for support and practice interviews. Discuss job
22、search problems with family and friends. Approach job seeking as a job. Work at least six hours a day on your job search. Keep a positive attitude. “Nothing ventured, nothing gained.”,Handling Job Offers,If the job, location, and organization are right, accept the job immediately. If you want to thi
23、nk about a job, ask for 24 to 48 hours to allow for a decision. Set a time when you will respond with your decision. If you decline a job offer, do so professionally. Never cite personal reasons. Follow up a declined job offer with a thank-you letter.,Starting off Right in a New Job,Show a positive
24、attitude and project a positive, competent image. Be on time for work. Follow rules and be dependable. Accept constructive criticism and show appreciation for support and feedback. Show initiative. Exceed your employers expectations.,Starting off Right in a New Job,Try to solve problems before askin
25、g for help. Admit mistakes and learn from them. Be a team player and be willing to help. Treat others with respect and courtesy. Avoid gossip and negativity. Volunteer for projects and committees if your work is completed. Dont try to change things right away. Focus on listening and learning.,Warnin
26、g Signs of Job Termination,You hate your job and spend more time thinking about what you will do after work. You lose your influence. Your ideas and opinions are not heard/respected. You begin to hear of layoffs due to a recession or takeover. Youre not productive, miss objectives, or confuse priori
27、ties. You fail to adapt and learn new skills and practices.,When You Leave a Job,Finding another job is easier while you still have one, but never use company time to conduct a job search. (Use lunch breaks, evenings, and weekends). Give two weeks notice. Never burn your bridges. Be aware of unemplo
28、yment laws and benefits. Ask for a reference if it is positive.,If You Are Terminated,Have a calm conversation with your supervisor and clarify the reasons. Do not make things worse by being aggressive or emotional. Dont focus on unfair treatment. Analyze objectively what you learned from the experi
29、ence. Reestablish and rebuild your support network. Review and update your job search materials. Use the term “laid off” rather than “fired” when asked about past experience. Remember that many people who have lost their jobs in the past have gone on to enjoy successful careers.,Making a Successful
30、Job/Career Change,Continue your education and stay on the cutting edge. Before changing, determine if your discontent is based on the position or the career. Avoid quitting until you have secured another job. Always resign professionally and courteously. When relocating, consider the impact on loved
31、 ones, values/interests, costs, career goals. Research a new community thoroughly before moving and build a support network immediately on arriving.,Key Terms,Functional resume Hybrid/combination resume Reference Interview,Demographics Globalization Job-seeking skills Networking Resume Chronological resume,
