1、CDM/Energy Efficiency Projects EGYPT : Group II,Ihab Elmassry, M. Sc., CEM, DGCP Energy Solutions Business Egypt & Middle East Cummins Power Generation - UK Mobile +(2) 012-312-5477, Fax +(202) 401-1202 Email: ,Discussion Points,Egypt Energy Outlook SS EE - CDM projects Plant Description Technology
2、Description Energy Consumption Sources of GHG BL & CERs Energy Efficiency Business in Egypt,1. Egypt Energy Outlook,Electricity Electricity Cons.(02/03) 81 TWh Installed Power 18 GW FuelNG 21 M TOEFuel #2 8.6 M TOEFuel #6 6 M TOE,Fuel Consumption in Egypt,110 Million ton (2002),Egypt CO2 Emissions,P
3、rojects to be presented,Cogeneration1.1 MWe Cogeneration Elnasr For Paper (PDD) 1.3 MWe Cogeneration Misr Elmonofia for textile (PIN)Fuel SwitchingFuel switching Glass for dyeing (PDD) Fuel switching clay bricks factories (PIN)Energy Management System (EMS)EMS Zenotex for dyeing (PIN),EE Definition,
4、There is no single definition, But ,Doing the same with less Energy efficiency measures are designed to reduce the amount of fuel/energy consumed without losing any of the value of the product or process. Improving energy efficiency is a technological means to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases wi
5、thout increasing production costs. http:/ Cogeneration Projects,Small Scale CDM projectsPlant namesElnasr for paper & Carton (PDD) Misr Elmnofia for textile (PIN),Technology,Cogeneration is the simultaneous generation of usable heat and power, usually electricity, in a single process from the same f
6、uel.CHP is not a new technology Used in Thomas Edisons first electric generating plant in 1891,Fuel + air,Losses,Steam,Electricity,Losses,Fuel + air,Losses,Cost of Electricity + Heat,Cogeneration Vs Conventional System,Cogeneration Vs Conventional System,Benefits of Cogeneration,Energy efficientRedu
7、ction in kWh and heat costsReduction in air emissions,1. Elnasrs Project Summary,Plant Name Elnasr Company for Paper Location Alexandria, Egypt PDD Draft version has been issued Technology NG-Based Cogeneration Package Size 1.1 MWe & 1 t/hr Sat. Steam Project cat. Small Scale, EEI - II-D Investment
8、$370,000 CO2 Reduction 2,500 ton/yr,Plant Background,Annual operating hrs 8760 hr Max. electrical demand 2000 kW Voltage level 11/0.38 KV Diesel engine 800 kW The plant cover its electric demand through utility grid and diesel gen-sets. Not synchronized in with the utility grid. NG availableTwo boil
9、ers exists one out of order. The on service boiler data is Rated pressure 25 barg Operating pressure 12.5 barg Process pressure 4 barg 2 burners 1 NG/Light oil & 1 heavy oil,900 MWh/mo,Elnasr Co. for Paper SLD,To 560 kW 6 kV motor,Feeder A,Feeder B,MV Bus bar,TR 2 1 MVA,0.4,kV,Low voltage loads,Low
10、voltage loads,TR 31 MVA,G2,380 V level,NC,TR 41 MVA,11 kV side,0.5 MVA,Change over switch,G1,1 MVA,TR 1 1 MVA,Other loads,Other loads,Possible Alternatives,Cogen scheme Gen-set-based / GT-based connectionIsolated mode Parallel mode (synchronized with utility),To 560 kW 6 kV motor,Feeder A,Feeder B,M
11、V Bus bar,TR 2 1 MVA,0.4,kV,Low voltage loads,Low voltage loads,TR 31 MVA,380 V level,NC,TR 41 MVA,11 kV side,TR 1 1 MVA,Supply steam base load 4barg,Supply electric base load 11 kV,Proposed SLD,Cummins QSk60 Gas-Gen Set,No kWh export,Sell Back price?,Baseline,Type II - D Energy Efficiency Improveme
12、ntBL emissions are the current emissions of the facility due to self-generation, kWh from utility grid & boiler.Cogen input fuel is pipeline NG and output is electricity (kWh) and heat (saturated steam). This will cover kWh & ton/hr base loads.,BL - Most Recent Central Power Station in Egypt,CO2 emi
13、ssions factor 525 kg CO2/MWh,IPCCC Emission Factors,Project Boundary,Elnasr Plant,Boiler,Electricity from public utility,NG,Steam,Elec. Power,G,Fuel #2,Plant site,Project site,Elnasr Plant,Boiler,NG,Steam,Elec. Power,NG,Cogen unit,Project boundary,Project & BL Emissions,CERs,Crediting Period: 10 yea
14、rs1st yr of the Crediting Period: 2006Baseline emissions 7,938 ton CO2 eq Project emissions 5,391 ton CO2 eq Emissions reductions 2,546 ton CO2 eq,Barriers,I. Investment/financial barrier A cogeneration project is relatively a capital intensive project. There is no clear financing mechanism for EE p
15、rojects. Banks and leasing companies interest rates are high. Subsidy that imposed on electricity and energy prices. Relatively high simple payback periods, in best cases it is not less than 7 years.,Barriers (Cont.),III. Institutional The reluctance of the utility to purchase the excess kWh. The la
16、ck of long-term plans supported by the government for cogeneration promotion. No cogeneration PPA Low selling back tariff Procedure for interconnection requirements IV. Technological: Few number of small scale cogeneration projects are already installed, this leads to operation & performance risk,Mo
17、nitoring,EIA,No need for EIA, as it is 5 MWeForm B is only required.,2. Misr Elmonofias Project,Plant Name Misr Elmonofia Company for Textile Location Monofia, Egypt PDD Draft version is being prepare Technology NG-Based Cogeneration Package Size 1.3 MWe & 1.4 t/hr Sat. Steam Project cat. Small Scal
18、e, II-D Investment $414,000 CO2 Reduction 2,600 ton/yr,Background,Current Annual kWh 9.5 GWh (utility) Average Demand 1.3 MW Existing Annual Self Gen 3.9 GWh Total Plant energy consumption 13.4 GWh Plant Average Demand 1.5 MWBoiler 2 * 7.5 ton/hr 8 barg Average steam load 1.8 to 1.3 ton/hr,Cummins Q
19、SV81 Gas-Gen Set,Misr Elmonofia Summary,Estimated total Project Cost $415,000PDD Draft PDD almost completedCrediting Period: 10 yearsFirst year of the Crediting Period: 2006Annual CERs Expected: 2,600 ton CO2,Cogeneration Potential in Egypt,Previous studies shows that there is a reat potential of co
20、gen application in Egypt.1,200 MWe to 800 MWe,II. Fuel Switching Projects,Glass for Dyeing (PDD)100 Bricks Plants (PIN),Fuel Switching at Glass for Dyeing (PDD),Plant name Glass for Dyeing Location Shoubra Elkhama, Egypt Investment $90,000 Baseline Emissions 17,535 t CO2e / yr Project Emission 12,93
21、5 t CO2e / yr Reduction 4,600 ton CO2/yr CR period 3 x 7 yrs Debundled No,Plant Description,The plant main operations are:- Souring, Bleaching & Rinsing of cotton fabrics Dyeing Printing Operates 24 hrs, 365 day/yr The plant has:- 2 x 6 ton/hr Fuel oil-fired steam boiler 1 x 4 ton/hr Gas oil-fired o
22、il boiler,Monthly Fuel Consumption At Glass,Av GO 87 KLiter, FO, 390 ton,Proposed Project Technology,It is straight forward application Replacement of FO & GO fired burners with NG-fired ones + automatic CS. NG is available close to plant fence, NG Reduction station and internal NG piping work are i
23、ncluded. No major technological barrier involved,Emission Reduction,Higher fuel use efficiency, the overall efficiency of the boilers is expected to be higher than the current state. Eliminate fuel oil and gas oil consumptions,BL Methodology,Type III - Switching fossil fuels project boundary is the
24、physical and geographical site where the fuel combustion affected by the fuel-switching measure occurs. BL emissions are the current emissions of the facility due to FO & GO combustion.,Monitoring,the proposed monitoring plant shall consist of:- Metering the input fuel consumption Boilers combustion
25、 efficiency.Overall boiler thermal efficiency will be estimated based on the physical conditions of boilers body insulation.,EIA,No EIA is required for switching from FO & GO to NG is required by the Egyptian regulations.,Fuel switching of clay bricks factories (PIN),Plant Name 100 Clay Bricks Plant
26、s Location Arab Abou Sead, Egypt PDD PIN has been issued Technology Fuel Switching Size 100 Clay Bricks Project cat. Type III - Switching fossil fuels Investment $ 10 Million CO2 Reduction 500,000 ton/yr Credit period 3 x 7 years,Fuel Switching in Egypt,Egyptian LDCs are promoting for FS projectsEGA
27、S has a programme for FS in industrial sector.,III. Energy Management System (EMS),A detailed energy audit report, which includes 11 industrial dyeing plants in different locations, was conducted in March 2000. Zenotex for Dyeing is selected as an example,Zenotex Summary (PIN),Plant Name Zenotex for
28、 Dyeing Location Alexandria, Egypt PDD PIN has been issued Technology EMS Project cat. Small Scale, EEI - II-C Investment $728,000 Credit periods 2x7 years BL CO2 Emission 15,950 ton/yr Project Emission 9,150 ton/yr CO2 Reduction 6,800 ton/yr,Technology Centralized EMS,High Efficient insulation mate
29、rial Existing control system Tuning Waste Heat Recovery (cooling water &hot/waste water) Recovery of condensate Boiler tune up,Summary of CO2 Reduction (11 Plants),CO2 reduction 44,702 ton/yrFuel saving 14,550 TOE/yrInvestment cost $ 4.3 Million,Energy Efficiency Potential & Opportunities,Applicable
30、 technologies as CDM projects (examples) Cogeneration waste Heat Recovery Energy Management System Combustion Control Fuel Switching High efficient Refractories ,ECEP* Project 1989-1998,* Energy Conservation & Environment Project (ECEP), USAID project,Annual CO2 Emission Reductions (M tons),EMS,Cogeneration,CCS,WHR,FS,0,1.4,6.3,0.7,2.8,2.1,3.5,4.2,4.9,5.6,Estimated CO2 Reduction (12 Million ton),
