1、Chapter 1: The Sports Medicine Team,Sports Medicine,Where Have We Been? Where Are We Now? Where Are We Going?,Where Have We Been?,Trainers associated with Greek & Roman Periods. Increase in sports activities during the Renaissance. Late 19th century ATs involved with intercollegiate athletics in the
2、 US. Rub downs, home remedies, lack of technical knowledge. After WWI ATs viewed as specialized in preventing and managing athletic injuries. 1950 NATA founded in Kansas City 1980s Athletic Training Program content for bachelors degree. 1980s development of NATABOC for board certification, ATCs. Rec
3、ognized by the AMA as a allied health care provider.,Where Are We Now?,40% of ATCs work outside of school athletic settings. JRC-AT/CAAHEP programs developed ATCs allowed to bill insurance companies using CPT codes in 2002. 2004 End of internship programs ATCs regulated and licensed healthcare provi
4、ders ATCs provide the same or better outcomes as others, including PTs. ATCs demonstrate high patient satisfaction ratings. 30,000+ NATA members,Where Are We Going?,2005 17,110 projected ATC jobs 2010 21,525 projected ATC jobs Continued research to develop new techniques for injury prevention, manag
5、ement, and rehabilitation.,What Is Sports Medicine ?,Sports Medicine,Practice of Medicine,Human Performance,Injury Management,Exercise Physiology,Biomechanics,Sport Psychology,Sports Nutrition,Sports Physical Therapy,Athletic Training,Sports Massage,Goals of Professional Sports Medicine Organization
6、s,Develop professional standards & code of ethics Exchange of professional knowledge, stimulate research, & promote critical thinking. Ability to work as a group with a singleness of purpose to achieve objectives that could not be accomplished separately.,The Players on the Sports Medicine Team,Phys
7、icians Dentist Podiatrist Nurse Physicians Assistant Physical Therapist Athletic Trainer Massage Therapist,Exercise Physiologist Biomechanist Nutritionist Sport Psychologist Coaches Strength & Conditioning Specialist Social Worker,The Primary Players on the Sports Medicine Team,Athlete,Coach,Physici
8、an,Athletic Trainer,Historical Development of Sports Medicine Organizations,International Federation of Sports Medicine (1928) American Academy of Family Physicians (1947) National Athletic Trainers Association (1950) American College of Sports Medicine (1954) American Orthopaedic Society for Sports
9、 Medicine (1972) National Strength and Conditioning Association (1978) American Academy of Pediatrics, Sports Committee (1979) Sports Physical Therapy Section of APTA (1981) NCAA Committee on Competitive Safeguards and Medical Aspects of Sports (1985),Historical Development of Sports Medicine Organi
10、zations,International Federation of Sports Medicine (1928) American Academy of Family Physicians (1947) National Athletic Trainers Association (1950) American College of Sports Medicine (1954) American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (1972) National Strength and Conditioning Association (197
11、8) American Academy of Pediatrics, Sports Committee (1979) Sports Physical Therapy Section of APTA (1981) NCAA Committee on Competitive Safeguards and Medical Aspects of Sports (1985),Historical Development of Sports Medicine Organizations,International Federation of Sports Medicine (1928) American
12、Academy of Family Physicians (1947) National Athletic Trainers Association (1950) American College of Sports Medicine (1954) American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (1972) National Strength and Conditioning Association (1978) American Academy of Pediatrics, Sports Committee (1979) Sports Ph
13、ysical Therapy Section of APTA (1981) NCAA Committee on Competitive Safeguards and Medical Aspects of Sports (1985),Historical Development of Sports Medicine Organizations,International Federation of Sports Medicine (1928) American Academy of Family Physicians (1947) National Athletic Trainers Assoc
14、iation (1950) American College of Sports Medicine (1954) American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (1972) National Strength and Conditioning Association (1978) American Academy of Pediatrics, Sports Committee (1979) Sports Physical Therapy Section of APTA (1981) NCAA Committee on Competitive
15、Safeguards and Medical Aspects of Sports (1985),International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS),Federation Internationale de Medecine Sportive (FIMS) Principal purpose to promote the study and development of sports medicine throughout the world Made up of national sports medicine associations of
16、over 100 countries Organization is multidisciplinary, including many disciplines that are concerned with physically active individuals,American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP),To promote and maintain high quality standards for family doctors who are providing continuing comprehensive health care
17、 to the public It is a medical association of more than 93,000 members Many team physicians are members of this organization,American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM),To encourage and support scientific research in orthopaedic sports medicine and to develop methods for safer, more pro
18、ductive and enjoyable fitness programs and sports participation Members receive specialized training in sports medicine, surgical procedures, injury prevention and rehabilitation 1,200 members are orthopaedic surgeons and allied health professionals,National Strength and Conditioning Association (NS
19、CA),To facilitate a professional exchange of ideas in strength development as it relates to the improvement of athletic performance and fitness and to enhance, enlighten, and advance the field of strength and conditioning 14,500 strength and conditioning coaches, personal trainers, exercise physiolo
20、gists, athletic trainers, researchers, educators, sport coaches, physical therapists, business owners, exercise instructors and fitness directors Accredited certification programsCertified Strength and Conditioning Specialist, (CSCS) NSCA Certified Personal Trainer (NSCA-CPT),American Academy of Ped
21、iatrics, Sports Committee,Dedicated to providing the general pediatrician and pediatric subspecialist with an understanding of the basic principles of sports medicine and fitness and providing a forum for the discussion of related issues To educate all physicians, especially pediatricians, about the
22、 special needs of children who participate in sports,NCAA Committee on Competitive Safeguards and Medical Aspects of Sports,Collects and develops pertinent information regarding desirable training methods, prevention and treatment of sports injuries, and utilization of sound safety measures Dissemin
23、ates information and adopts recommended policies and guidelines designed to further the above objectives Supervises drug-education and drug-testing programs,American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM),Patterned after FIMS (Umbrella Organization) Interested in the study of all aspects of sports Member
24、ship composed of medical doctors, doctors of philosophy, physical educators, athletic trainers, coaches, exercise physiologists, biomechanists, and others interested in sports 18,000 members,Sports Physical Therapy Section of APTA,To provide a forum to establish collegial relations between physical
25、therapists, physical therapist assistants, and physical therapy students interested in sports physical therapy Promotes prevention, recognition, treatment and rehabilitation of injuries in an athletic and physically active population Provides educational opportunities through sponsorship of continui
26、ng education programs and publications,Sports Physical Therapy Section of APTA,Promotes the role of the sports physical therapist to other health professionals Supports research to further establish the scientific basis for sports physical therapy Offers certification as a sports physical therapist
27、(SCS) Approximately 9,000 members Many sports physical therapists are also certified athletic trainers,National Athletic Trainers Association (NATA),To enhance the quality of health care for athletes and those engaged in physical activity, and to advance the profession of athletic training through e
28、ducation and research in the prevention, evaluation, management and rehabilitation of injuries The NATA now has 28,000 members,AMA Recognition of Athletic Training,June 1991- AMA officially recognized athletic training as an allied health profession Committee on Allied Health Education and Accredita
29、tion (CAHEA) was charged with responsibility of developing essentials and guidelines for academic programs to use in preparation of individuals for entry into profession through the Joint Review Committee on Athletic Training (JRC-AT),AMA Recognition of Athletic Training,June 1994-CAHEA dissolved an
30、d replaced immediately by Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) Recognized as an accreditation agency for allied health education programs by the U.S. Department of Education Entry level college and university athletic training education programs at both undergradu
31、ate and graduate levels are now accredited by CAAHEP,AMA Recognition of Athletic Training,Effects of CAAHEP accreditation are not limited to educational aspects In the future, this recognition may potentially affect regulatory legislation, the practice of athletic training in nontraditional settings
32、, and insurance considerations Recognition will continue to be a positive step in the development of the athletic training profession,National Athletic Trainers Association Board of Certification (NATABOC),In 1999 the NATABOC completed the latest Role Delineation Study, which redefined the professio
33、n of athletic training Study designed to examine the primary tasks performed by the entry level athletic trainer and the knowledge and skills required to perform each task,Role Delineation Study Performance Domains,Prevention of athletic injuries Recognition, evaluation and assessment of injuries Im
34、mediate care of injuries Treatment, rehabilitation and reconditioning of athletic injuries Health care administration Professional development and responsibility,Education Council,In 1998 the Education Council was established to dictate the course of the educational preparation for the student athle
35、tic trainer Focus has shifted to competency based education at the entry level Education Council has significantly expanded and reorganized the clinical competencies and proficiencies,Athletic Training Educational Competencies (1999),Twelve Content Areas Acute care of injury and illness Assessment a
36、nd evaluation General medical conditions and disabilities Health care administration Nutritional aspects of injury and illnesses Pathology of illness and injuries,Athletic Training Educational Competencies (1999),Pharmacological aspects of injury and illnesses Professional development and responsibi
37、lity Psychosocial intervention and referral Risk management and injury prevention Therapeutic exercise Therapeutic modalities,NATABOC vs. Education Council,The NATABOC defines the minimum knowledge base that an entry level athletic trainer should possess to be able to work in the profession while th
38、e Education Council was charged with determining the competencies that should be taught in accredited educational programs There is overlap between Performance Domains and Competencies,Certification Requirements,Candidates for certification must meet NATABOC established requirements For students gra
39、duating in 2003 and beyond, NATABOC no longer requires clinical hours CAAHEP accredited programs must develop and implement a clinical instruction plan according to 2001 Standards and Guidelines to ensure that students meet all AT educational competencies and clinical proficiencies in academic cours
40、es with measurable outcomes,Certification Requirements,Accreditation process will be concerned with the quality of experiences and student outcomes and knowledge rather the number of hours accrued As of January, 2004 the internship route to certification will no longer be accepted All candidates for
41、 certification will have to meet CAAHEP requirements Successful completion of all parts of the certification exam will earn the credential of ATC,CAAHEP Accredited Programs,Currently 134 institutions offer entry level athletic training education programs accredited by CAAHEP 174 are in the process o
42、f seeking CAAHEP accreditation 13 graduate programs in athletic training approved by the Education Council Post-Certification Graduate Education Committee,Employment Settings for Athletic Trainers,Secondary Schools 1995 NATA adopted a position statement supporting hiring athletic trainers in seconda
43、ry schools 1998 AMA adopted policy calling for ATCs to be employed in all high school athletic programs 30,000 public high schools in U.S. Between 20-25% of high schools have ATCs School Districts ATC floats between several schools in same district,Employment Settings for Athletic Trainers,College a
44、nd Universities Number of ATCs varies considerably Extent of coverage varies 2000 Task Force published Recommendations and Guidelines for Appropriate Medical Coverage for Intercollegiate Athletics Based on a mathematical model created by a number of variables Professional Teams 5% of employed ATCs,E
45、mployment Settings for Athletic Trainers,Sports Medicine Clinics The largest % of employed ATCs found in this setting Work in the clinic in AM and in high school in PM Industrial and Corporate Settings ATCs oversee fitness, injury rehabilitation, and work-hardening programs Understanding of workplac
46、e ergonomics is essential,State Regulation of the Athletic Trainer,During the early-1970s NATA realized the necessity of obtaining some type of official recognition by other medical allied health organizations of the athletic trainer as a health care professional Laws and statutes specifically gover
47、ning the practice of athletic training were nonexistent in virtually every state,State Regulation of the Athletic Trainer,Athletic trainers in many individual states organized efforts to secure recognition by seeking some type of regulation of the athletic trainer by state licensing agencies To date
48、 40 of the 50 states have enacted some type of regulatory statute governing the practice of athletic training Rules and regulations governing the practice of athletic training vary tremendously from state to state,State Regulation of the Athletic Trainer,Regulation may be in the form of: Licensure L
49、imits practice of athletic training to those who have met minimal requirements established by a state licensing board Limits the number of individuals who can perform functions related to athletic training as dictated by the practice act Most restrictive of all forms of regulation,State Regulation o
50、f the Athletic Trainer,Certification Does not restrict using the title of athletic trainer to those certified by the state Can restrict performance of athletic training functions to only those individuals who are certified Registration Before an individual can practice athletic training he or she must register in that state Individual has paid a fee for being placed on an existing list of practitioners but says nothing about competency,
