Chapter 12-Fluency Disorders.ppt
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1、Chapter 12: Fluency Disorders,Justice Communication Sciences and Disorders: An Introduction,Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.,Focus Questions,What is a fluency disorder? How are fluency disorders classified? What are the defining char
2、acteristics of fluency disorders? How are fluency disorders identified? How are fluency disorders treated?,12.1,Justice Communication Sciences and Disorders: An Introduction,Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.,Introduction Fluency Disor
3、ders,Ability to produce speech effortlessly and automatically is compromised Better known as stuttering Relatively small number of persons affected compared to other communication disorders 1 to 2% of population at a given time,12.2,Justice Communication Sciences and Disorders: An Introduction,Copyr
4、ight 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.,The Familiarity of Stuttering,Despite the low incidence, the general population seems to be most familiar with fluency disorders WHY? Perhaps longest documented history of any communication disorder Affect
5、ed some famous faces, including contemporary celebrities Often used in the media, either comically or as a dramatic, metaphoric technique,12.3,Justice Communication Sciences and Disorders: An Introduction,Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reser
6、ved.,What you may not know,Most young children go through a period of disfluency (up to 5% of their speech) Majority of cases in children are resolved, either spontaneously or through treatment Many of the public perceptions of people with fluency disorders are not accurate, such as being timid or f
7、earful,12.4,Justice Communication Sciences and Disorders: An Introduction,Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.,Case Study #1: Ralston,4-year old boy in private day care center in West Virginia family (consisting of mother, father, and fo
8、ur siblings) lives in two-bedroom subsidized apartment Social and communicative child, but recently day care teacher has noticed stuttering and more frequent temper tantrums Mother says not to worry, that older siblings also went through this stage, but teacher is worried that the stuttering might i
9、nterfere with Ralstons interactions with the other children and that it might be related to the tantrums,12.5,Justice Communication Sciences and Disorders: An Introduction,Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.,Case Study #1 Questions,What
10、 warning signs should Ms. Henry look for when documenting Ralstons stuttering behaviors? What are some strategies Ms. Henry might use in the day care center to promote Ralstons ability to effectively communicate? What are some events or challenges in Ralstons life that might be related to the emerge
11、nce of disfluencies?,12.6,Justice Communication Sciences and Disorders: An Introduction,Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.,Case Study #2: Kaimon,7-year old boy just starting second grade treated for fluency disorder in K 1st grades, bu
12、t dismissed from treatment Mr. Damon, teacher, reports that Kaimon is still stuttering and using avoidance tactics Kaimon doesnt want to go to therapy again, and his teacher agreed to try different strategies in the classroom for next three months,12.7,Justice Communication Sciences and Disorders: A
13、n Introduction,Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.,Case Study #2 Questions,What are some strategies that Mr. Damon might use to promote peer acceptance of children with communication disabilities in his classroom? What are some strategi
14、es that Mr. Damon might use in the next few months to increase Kaimons fluency and decrease his disfluency within the classroom? Do you agree or disagree with Kaimons parents for keeping him out of therapy for the next few months? Why or why not?,12.8,Justice Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
15、 Introduction,Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.,Case Study #3: Mr. Cho,39-year old suffered a stroke during heart surgery paralyzed on right side and exhibits communication impairments, including severe fluency problem Shows pauses, i
16、nterjections, repetitions, and prolongations, but no fear or embarrassment Insurance only covers 12 sessions of outpatient therapy, but hes using those for physical therapy Decided to pay out-of-pocket $1,200 for a 3-month vitamin treatment that claims 100% cure for acquired stuttering that his daug
17、hter found advertised in the newspaper,12.9,Justice Communication Sciences and Disorders: An Introduction,Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.,Case Study #3 Questions,Do you agree with Mr. Chos decision to forfeit the outpatient speech t
18、herapy in lieu of the physical therapy and to pursue the vitamin treatment? How can a consumer differentiate between those treatments that are effective and those that are questionable? What other explanations are possible to explain Mr. Chos improved fluency following two months of a special vitami
19、n regimen?,12.10,Justice Communication Sciences and Disorders: An Introduction,Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.,I. What is a Fluency Disorder?,What is fluency? Speech moves at an appropriate rate Easy rhythm Smoothness Effortless Aut
20、omatic Disfluency occurs when there is a disruption in any of these elements,12.11,Justice Communication Sciences and Disorders: An Introduction,Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.,Fluency Disorders,Unusually high rate of stoppages that
21、 disrupt the flow of communication and re inappropriate for a persons age, culture, and linguistic background Three essential characteristics: Disturbance in the normal fluency and timing patterns of speech Disturbance in social communication, academic performance, or occupational achievement If ano
22、ther disability is present, the fluency disturbance is in excess of what is expected of that disability,12.12,Justice Communication Sciences and Disorders: An Introduction,Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.,Core and Secondary Features,
23、Core features: primary characteristics of a fluency disorder Repetitions Prolongations Blocks Secondary features: emerge in response to the core behaviors Avoid and escape moments of disfluency, such as eye blinks, head jerks, pauses, fillers Negative feelings and attitudes, such as worrying about s
24、peaking, viewing speaking as difficult,12.13,Justice Communication Sciences and Disorders: An Introduction,Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.,Terminology,Stuttering: describes fluency disorder Stutterer: describes a person affected by
25、a fluency disorder Person first language gives the individual primacy over the disorder (e.g., “child who stutters”),12.14,Justice Communication Sciences and Disorders: An Introduction,Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.,Prevalence and
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