1、Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware Second Edition 2016Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware Second Edition 2016 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.ii | Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware
2、 2016, by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Publication Code: MASH-2 ISBN: 978-1-56051-665-1 201
3、6 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.| iii AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 20152016 President: Paul Trombino, Iowa Vice President: David Be
4、rnhardt, Maine Secretary/Treasurer: Carlos Braceras, UtahRegional RepresentativesREGION I Leslie Richards, Pennsylvania, One-Year TermPete Rahn, Maryland, Two-Year Term REGION II Paul Mattox, West Virginia, One-Year TermCharles Kilpatrick, Virginia, Two-Year Term REGION III Charles A. Zelle, Minneso
5、ta, One-Year TermRandall S. Blankenhorn, Illinois, Two-Year Term REGION IV Brian Ness, Idaho, One-Year TermCarlos Braceras, Utah, Two-Year Term Non-Voting MembersImmediate Past President: (Vacant)Executive Director: Bud Wright, Washington, DC 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Tra
6、nsportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.iv | Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware ALABAMA, William Adams, Rex Bush, William Kelly ALASKA, Mark Neidhold, Kenneth Morton ARIZONA, Steve Boschen, Annette Riley ARKANSAS, Mike Fugett, Trinity Smith CALIFORN
7、IA, Timothy Craggs, Cathrina Barros COLORADO, Neil Lacey CONNECTICUT, Scott Hill, Rabih Barakat, Timothy Wilson DELAWARE, Brian McIlvaine, Mark Tudor DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Zahra Dorriz FLORIDA, Michael Shepard, Paul Hiers GEORGIA, Brent Story, Andy Casey HAWAII, Julius Fronda IDAHO, Jesse Barrus ILL
8、INOIS, Michael Brand INDIANA, John Wright, Jeff Clanton IOWA, Michael J. Kennerly, Deanna Maifield, Chris Poole KANSAS, Scott King KENTUCKY, Bradley Eldridge, Robert Caudill LOUISIANA, Chad Winchester, Simone Ardoin, David Smith MAINE, Brad Foley, Steve Bodge, Charles Hebson MARYLAND, Jason Ridgway,
9、 Eric Marabello, Angela Smith MASSACHUSETTS, Hasmukh Patel MICHIGAN, Kristin Schuster MINNESOTA, Chris Roy MISSISSIPPI, James Pittman, Amy Mood, David Seal MISSOURI, Eric Schroeter MONTANA, Lesly Tribelhorn, James Combs NEBRASKA, Michael Owen NEVADA, Paul Frost, Kristena Shigenaga NEW HAMPSHIRE, Jam
10、es Marshall NEW JERSEY, Richard Jaffe NEW MEXICO, Gabriela Contreras-Apodaca, Richard Pena NEW YORK, Richard Lee, Richard Wilder, Stephen Zargham NORTH CAROLINA, Glenn Mumford, Judith Corley-Lay NORTH DAKOTA, Roger Weigel OHIO, David Slatzer OKLAHOMA, Tim Tegeler OREGON, David Joe Polly PENNSYLVANIA
11、, Melissa Batula PUERTO RICO, Luis Santos, Jos E. Santana-Pimentel RHODE ISLAND, Vincent Palumbo SOUTH CAROLINA, Ladd Gibson, Rob Bedenbaugh, James Kendall, Jr. SOUTH DAKOTA, Mark A. Leiferman TENNESSEE, Jennifer Lloyd, Ali Hangul, Jeff Jones TEXAS, Mark A. Marek UTAH, Ben Huot, Fred Doehring, Georg
12、e Lukes VERMONT, Kevin Marshia, Jesse Devlin, Kenneth Robie VIRGINIA, Barton A. Thrasher, Robert H. Cary, Mohammad Mirshahi, WASHINGTON, Edward Carpenter, Nancy Boyd, Michael Flemming WEST VIRGINIA, RJ Scites, Dirar Ahmad, Chad Toney WISCONSIN, Jerry H. Zogg WYOMING, Andrea Allen, Sandra Pecenka ALB
13、ERTA, Moh Lali SASKATCHEWAN, Sukhy Kent KOREA, Chan-Su “Chris” Reem TEXAS TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE, Paul Carlson VIRGINIA TECH TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE, Ronald Gibbons AASHTO, Marty Vitale, Liaison HIGHWAYS SUBCOMMITTEE ON DESIGN 2016 Carlos Braceras, Utah, Chair Joyce Taylor, Maine, Vice Chair Robe
14、rt Mooney, FHWA, Secretary Patricia Bush, AASHTO Liaison 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.| v ALABAMA, William Colquett, Eric Christie, Blake Mullins ALASKA, Richard A. Pratt ARIZONA, Dav
15、id Eberhart, David Benton, Pe-Shen Yang ARKANSAS, Charles Richard Ellis CALIFORNIA, Thomas Ostrom, Susan Hida, Dolores Valls COLORADO, Behrooz Far, Stephen Harelson, Jessica Marti- nez CONNECTICUT, Timothy Fields DELAWARE, Barry A. Benton, Jason Hastings DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Konjit “Connie” Eskende
16、r, Donald Cooney, Richard Kenney FLORIDA, Sam Fallaha, William Potter, Jeffrey Pouliotte GEORGIA, Bill DuVall HAWAII, Vacant IDAHO, Matthew M. Farrar ILLINOIS, Carl Puzey, Tim Armbrecht INDIANA, Anne M. Rearick IOWA, Norman L. McDonald, Ahmad Abu-Hawash KANSAS, Mark Hoppe, John Jones KENTUCKY, Mark
17、Hite, Marvin Wolfe LOUISIANA, Paul Fossier, Arthur DAndrea, Zhengzheng “Jenny” Fu MAINE, Wayne Frankhauser, Jeffrey S. Folsom, Michael Wight MARYLAND, Earle S. Freedman, Jeffery Robert, Gregory Roby MASSACHUSETTS, Alexander K. Bardow, Thomas Donald, Joseph Rigney MICHIGAN, David Juntunen, Matthew Ch
18、ynoweth MINNESOTA, Arielle Ehrlich, Kevin Western MISSISSIPPI, Justin Walker, Austin Banks, Scott Westerfield MISSOURI, Dennis Heckman, Scott Stotlemeyer MONTANA, Kent M. Barnes, David Johnson NEBRASKA, Mark Traynowicz, Mark Ahlman, Fouad Jaber NEVADA, Jessen Mortensen, Troy Martin NEW HAMPSHIRE, Da
19、vid L. Scott, Peter Stamnas NEW JERSEY, Nagnath “Nat” Kasbekar, Xiaohua Hannah Cheng, Eli Lambert III NEW MEXICO, Ray Trujillo, Ted Barber, Jeff Vigil NEW YORK, Richard Marchione, Wahid Albert NORTH CAROLINA, Thomas Koch, Brian Hanks, Scott Hidden NORTH DAKOTA, Terrence R. UdlandOHIO, Timothy J. Kel
20、ler, Alexander Dettloff OKLAHOMA, Steven Jacobi, Walter Peters OREGON, Tanarat Potisuk, Hormoz Seradj PENNSYLVANIA, Thomas P. Macioce, James Long, Lou Ruzzi PUERTO RICO, Vacant RHODE ISLAND, Georgette Chahine SOUTH CAROLINA, Terry Koon, Barry W. Bowers, Jeff Sizemore SOUTH DAKOTA, Steve Johnson TENN
21、ESSEE, Wayne Seger, John Hastings TEXAS, Gregg Freeby, Bernie Carrasco, Jamie Farris UTAH, Carmen Swanwick, Cheryl Hersh Simmons VERMONT, Wayne Symonds, James LaCroix VIRGINIA, Kendal Walus, Prasad L. Nallapaneni WASHINGTON, Thomas Baker, Tony M. Allen, Bijan Khaleghi WEST VIRGINIA, Billy Varney, Ah
22、med Mongi WISCONSIN, Scot Becker, William Dreher, William Olivia WYOMING, Mike Menghini, Paul Cortez DELAWARE RIVER AND BAY AUTHORITY, Shoukry Elnahal GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE, Kary H. Witt MARYLAND TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY, Dan Williams NJ TURNPIKE AUTHORITY, Richard J. Raczynski NY STATE BRIDGE AUTHORIT
23、Y, William J. Moreau PENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKE COMMISSION, James Stump WARREN COUNTY ENGINEERING DEPT., Neil Tunison KOREA EXPRESSWAY CORPORATION, Eui-Joon Lee, Sang-Soon Lee SASKATCHEWAN, Howard Yea TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD, Waseem Dekelbab U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, Phillip Sauser, Christopher
24、 Westbrook U.S. COAST GUARD, Kamal Elnahal U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREFOREST SERVICE, John R. Kattel AASHTO, Marty Vitale, Liaison HIGHWAYS SUBCOMMITTEE ON BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES 2016 Gregg Fredrick, Wyoming, Chair Bruce Johnson, Oregon, Vice Chair Joseph Hartman, FHWA, Secretary Patricia Bush, A
25、ASHTO Liaison 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.vi | Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware Representatives from the Subcommittee on Design Kevin Herritt, California C. Andy Casey, Georgia S
26、cott King, Kansas Jason Siwula, Kentucky Paul Fossier, Jr., Louisiana Teri Soos, Maryland Alexander Bardow, Massachusetts Michael Elle, Minnesota Arielle Ehrlich, Minnesota David Bizuga, New Jersey Bradley Bortnick, New York Bucky Galloway, North Carolina Bernie Clocksin, South Dakota Christopher Li
27、ndsey, Texas Alex Price, Virginia Erik Emerson, Wisconsin William Wilson, Wyoming Members from the U.S. Department of Transportation Richard Albin, FHWA Eduardo Arispe, FHWA Frank Julian, FHWA Will Longstreet, FHWA Associate MemberInternational Mark Ayton, Ontario Associate MemberOther Mark Bush, TR
28、B AASHTO Kevin Sablan, Liaison TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON ROADSIDE SAFETY 2016 Keith A. Cota, New Hampshire, Chair Chris Poole, Iowa, Vice Chair Nicholas Artimovich, II, FHWA, Secretary Kelly Hardy, AASHTO Liaison 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights
29、 reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.| vii PREFACE The use of effective roadside safety features provides a reasonable level of safety for the traveling pub- lic. New systems are continually emerging to address safety problems. Devices and practices improve in response to an incre
30、ased understanding of safety performance, a changing vehicle fleet, the emergence of new materials, and other factors. This second edition of the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) is the latest in a long series of crash testing guidance documents dating back to 1962. This update incorporat
31、es many changes from the previous edition. Some of the more significant changes include: A new matrix for cable barrier testing on slopes Modifications to several test vehicle dimensions Updated test documentation requirements This documents purpose is to encourage consistency in crash testing and e
32、valuation. Full-scale crash testing has been and will continue to be the most common method of evaluating the impact performance of safety hardware. Consistency in crash testing and evaluation benefits states, testing facilities, manu- facturers, and the public. Note that MASH addresses only the cra
33、sh testing of roadside safety features. It does not contain in- stallation or maintenance guidance, nor does it supersede any of the guidelines found in the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide. Implementation of this Manual by roadway agencies is outlined in an AASHTO/FHWA Joint Implementation Agreement. A
34、 copy of the agreement is available through the AASHTO Bookstore at: https:/bookstore.transportation.org/item_details.aspx?ID=2707. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.viii | Manual for Asse
35、ssing Safety Hardware TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1Introduction .1 1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE .1 1.2 UNDERLYING PHILOSOPHY 2 1.3 PERFORMANCE LIMITATIONS 3 1.4 SAFETY FEATURES 4 1.5 TEST LEVELS 5 1.6 INTERNATIONAL HARMONIZATION .6 1.7 ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL TOOLS 6 1.8 ORGANIZATION OF MANUAL .7 Chapter
36、 2Test Matrices and Conditions .9 2.1 GENERAL .9 2.1.1 Impact Conditions 9 2.1.2 Tolerances on Impact Conditions 11 2.1.3 Safety Feature Orientation 13 2.2 TEST MATRICES .13 2.2.1 Longitudinal Barriers 13 2.2.1.1 General 13 2.2.1.2 Description of Tests .15 2.2.2 Terminals and Crash Cushions .25 2.2.
37、2.1 General 25 2.2.2.2 Description of Tests .33 2.2.2.3 Other Terminals and Crash Cushion Systems .35 2.2.3 Truck- and Trailer-Mounted Attenuators and Variable Message Sign and Arrow Board Trailers36 2.2.3.1 General 36 2.2.3.2 Description of Tests .39 2.2.4 Support Structures, Work-Zone Traffic Cont
38、rol Devices, Breakaway Utility Poles, and Longitudinal Channelizers 39 2.2.4.1 General .39 2.2.4.2 Description of Tests .43 2.2.5 Roadside Geometric Features and Pavement Discontinuities .44 2.3 IMPACT POINT FOR REDIRECTIVE DEVICES .46 2.3.1 General .46 2.3.2 Longitudinal Barriers .46 2.3.2.1 Tests
39、with 1100C and 2270P Vehicles 48 2.3.2.2 Tests with 10000S, 36000V , and 36000T Vehicles .63 2.3.3 Terminals and Redirective Crash Cushions 63 2.3.3.1 Test 34 .63 2.3.3.2 Test 36 64 2.3.3.3 Test 37 .64 2.3.3.4 Test 44 .65 2.4 SIDE IMPACT .65 Chapter 3Test Installation .67 3.1 GENERAL .67 3.2 TESTING
40、 SITE67 3.3 SOIL .68 3.3.1 Standard Soil 68 3.3.2 Soil Strength .68 3.3.3 Special Soils .72 3.3.4 Embedment of Test Article .72 3.3.5 Special Structures .73 3.4 TEST ARTICLE .73 3.4.1 General .73 3.4.2 Installation Details 74 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Offic
41、ials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.| ix 3.4.2.1 Longitudinal Barriers 74 3.4.2.2 Terminals and Crash Cushions 76 3.4.2.3 Support Structures, Work-Zone Traffic Control Devices, and Breakaway Utility Poles 76 3.4.2.4 Truck-Mounted and Trailer-Mounted Attenuators (T
42、MAs) 77 3.4.3 Test Installation Documentation .78 3.4.3.1 Longitudinal Barriers and Longitudinal Channelizers 78 3.4.3.2 Terminals and Crash Cushions 78 3.4.3.3 Support Structures, Work-Zone Traffic Control Devices, and Breakaway Utility Poles 79 3.4.3.4 Truck-Mounted and Trailer-Mounted Attenuators
43、 (TMAs) 79 3.4.4 Test Installation Disposal 80 Chapter 4Test Vehicle Specifications.81 4.1 GENERAL .81 4.2 TEST VEHICLE DESCRIPTIONS .81 4.2.1 Production Vehicles 83 4.2.1.1 Test Vehicle Mass 86 4.2.1.2 Ballast .87 4.2.1.3 Propulsion, Guidance, and Braking 88 4.2.1.4 Vehicle Damage 88 4.2.1.5 Surrog
44、ate Occupants .89 4.2.1.6 Documentation 89 4.2.2 Surrogate Test Vehicles .96 4.2.3 Truck-Mounted and Trailer-Mounted Attenuator (TMA) Support Vehicle 97 4.3 VEHICLE INSTRUMENTATION 97 4.3.1 Instrumentation Specifications .97 4.3.2 Accelerometer and Rate Gyro Placement and Data Reduction 99 Chapter 5
45、Test Evaluation Criteria .101 5.1 GENERAL .101 5.2 EV ALUATION FACTORS AND CRITERIA .101 5.2.1 Structural Adequacy .104 5.2.2 Occupant Risk 105 5.2.3 Post-Impact Vehicular Response 108 5.3 GEOMETRIC FEATURES .110 Chapter 6Test Documentation 111 6.1 GENERAL REPORTING RECOMMENDATIONS .111 6.1.1 Genera
46、l Information .111 6.1.2 Report Contents 111 6.1.3 Findings Presentation Formats .115 6.1.4 Assessment .117 Chapter 7In-Service Performance Evaluation 122 7.1 PURPOSE 122 7.2 OBJECTIVES 123 7.3 IN-SERVICE PERFORMANCE EV ALUATION PROGRAM 123 7.3.1 New Feature Evaluation .123 7.3.2 Continuous Monitori
47、ng 126 7.4 DISCUSSION 128 Appendix ACommentary 129 CHAPTER ONE 129 A1.2 UNDERLYING PHILOSOPHY .129 CHAPTER TWO .130 A2.1 GENERAL 130 A2.1.1 Impact Conditions 131 A2.1.3 Safety Feature Orientation .132 A2.2.1 Longitudinal Barriers .133 A2.2.2 Terminals and Crash Cushions .133 2016 by the American Ass
48、ociation of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.x | Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware A2.2.3 Truck-Mounted Attenuators (TMA) 134 A2.2.4 Support Structures, Work-Zone Traffic Control Devices, Breakaway Utility Poles, and Lon
49、gitudinal Channelizers .135 A2.3 IMPACT POINT FOR REDIRECTIVE DEVICES .137 A2.3.2.1 Tests with 1100C and 2270P Vehicles 138 A2.3.2.2 Tests with 10000S, 36000V , and 36000T Vehicles 141 CHAPTER THREE142 A3.2 TESTING SITE .142 A3.3 SOIL 142 A3.3.1 Standard Soil .143 A3.3.2 Soil Strength 143 A3.3.3 Special Soils 144 A3.3.4 Embedment of Test Article 144 A3.4 TEST ARTICLE 144 A3.4.2.1 Longitudinal Barriers .144 A3.4.2.4 Truck-Mounted Attenuators (TMA) .145 CHAPTER FOUR 145 A4.2 TEST VEHICLE DESCRIPTIONS 145 A4.2.1 Production Vehicles .146 A4.2.1.1 Test Ve
