1、ASME B31Ea-2010Addenda toASME B31E-2008Standard for the SeismicDesign and Retrofit ofAbove-Ground Piping SystemsASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDA0169ADate of Issuance: July 6, 2010ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This cod
2、e or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The propose
3、d code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME
4、does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liabilit
5、y. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be inte
6、rpreted as governmentor industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this docu
7、ment may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2010 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reserv
8、edPrinted in U.S.A.ASME B31Ea-2010Following approval by the ASME B31 Committee and ASME, and after public review,ASME B31Ea-2010 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on May 13, 2010.SUMMARY OF CHANGESThis Addenda is published in its entirety for the users convenience.Changes giv
9、en below are identified on the pages by a margin note, (a), placed next to the affectedarea. The pages not listed are the reverse sides of the listed pages and contain no changes.Page Location Change2 3.1 Revised3.3.1 (1) Both equations revised(2) In the last paragraph, “238 MPa”revised to read “240
10、 MPa”3 Table 2 Revised5 7 (1) First paragraph revised(2) References updated(c)INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK(d)CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . vCorrespondence With the B31 Committee viIntroduction . vii1 Purpose 12 Materials . 23 Design 24 Interactions . 55 Documentation 56 Maintenance 57 References
11、 5Tables1 Seismic Design Requirements, Applicable Sections 32 Maximum Span, ft (m), Between Lateral Seismic Restraints for Steel Pipe Witha Yield Stress of 35 ksi (240 MPa), in Water Service at 70F (21C) . 3iiiFOREWORDSeismic design of critical piping systems is often required by Building Codes or b
12、y regulation,or it may be voluntarily instituted for loss prevention and worker and public safety.While seismic loads are mentioned in the various sections of the ASME B31 Pressure PipingCode, and allowable stresses are provided for occasional loads, there has been a need to providemore explicit and
13、 structured guidance for seismic design of new piping systems, as well as retrofitof existing systems. In order to respond to this need, this Standard was prepared by the ASME B31Mechanical Design Technical Committee.This 2010 Addenda was approved by the American National Standards Institute on May
14、13,2010 and designated as ASME B31Ea-2010.ivASME B31 COMMITTEECode for Pressure Piping(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSM. L. Nayyar, ChairK. C. Bodenhamer, Vice ChairN. Lobo, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELR. J
15、. T. Appleby, ExxonMobil Development Co.R. A. Appleton, Contributing Member, Refrigeration Systems Co.C. Becht IV, Becht Engineering Co.A. E. Beyer, Fluor EnterprisesK. C. Bodenhamer, Enterprise Products Co.C. J. Campbell, Air LiquideJ. S. Chin, TransCanada Pipeline USD. D. Christian, VictaulicD. L.
16、 Coym, Worley ParsonsR. P. Deubler, Fronek Power Systems, LLCJ. A. Drake, Spectra Energy TransmissionP. D. Flenner, Flenner Engineering ServicesJ. W. Frey, Stress Engineering Service, Inc.D. R. Frikken, Becht Engineering Co.R. A. Grichuk, Fluor Corp.R. W. Haupt, Pressure Piping Engineering Associate
17、s, Inc.L. E. Hayden, Jr., ConsultantB. P. Holbrook, Babcock Power, Inc.B31 MECHANICAL DESIGN TECHNICAL COMMITTEEW. J. Koves, Chair, ConsultantG. A. Antaki, Vice Chair, Becht Nuclear ServicesC. E. OBrien, Secretary, The American Society of MechanicalEngineersC. Becht IV, Becht Engineering Co.J. P. Br
18、een, Becht Engineering Co.N. F. Consumo, GE Energy (IGCC) NPIJ. P. Ellenberger, ConsultantD. J. Fetzner, BP Exploration Alaska, Inc.J. A. Graziano, ConsultantR. W. Haupt, Pressure Piping Engineering Associates, Inc.B. P. Holbrook, Babcock Power, Inc.vG. A. Jolly, Vogt Valves/Flowserve Corp.N. Lobo,
19、The American Society of Mechanical EngineersW. J. Mauro, American Electric PowerC. J. Melo, Alternate, WorleyParsonsJ. E. Meyer, Louis Perry however, they shouldnot contain proprietary names or information.Requests that are not in this format will be rewritten in the appropriate format by the Commit
20、teeprior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additionalinformation that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by aninterpretation may appeal
21、 to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.Attending Committee Meetings. The B31 Standards Committee regularly holds meetings, whichare open to the public. Persons wishing to attend
22、 any meeting should contact the Secretary ofthe B31 Standards Committee.viINTRODUCTIONThe ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping consists of a number of individually publishedSections and Standards, each an American National Standard, under the direction of the ASMECommittee B31, Code for Pressure Piping
23、.Rules for each Standard provide standardized guidance for a specific task found in one ormore B31 Section publications, as follows:(a) B31E, Standard for the Seismic Design and Retrofit of Above-Ground Piping Systems,establishes a method for the seismic design of above-ground piping systems in the
24、scope of theASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping.(b) B31G, Manual for Determining the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipelines, provides asimplified procedure to determine the effect of wall loss due to corrosion or corrosion-like defectson pressure integrity in pipeline systems.(c) B31J, Standard Test
25、 Method for Determining Stress Intensification Factors (i-Factors) forMetallic Piping Components, provides a standardized method to develop the stress intensificationfactors used in B31 piping analysis.This is B31E, Standard for the Seismic Design and Retrofit of Above-Ground Piping Systems.Hereafte
26、r, in this Introduction and in the text of this B31 Standard, where the word “Standard”is used without specific identification, it means this B31 Standard. It is expected that this Standardwill be incorporated by reference into the appropriate sections of B31.viiINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKviiiASME B31E
27、a-2010STANDARD FOR THE SEISMIC DESIGN AND RETROFIT OFABOVE-GROUND PIPING SYSTEMS1 PURPOSEThis Standard establishes a method for the seismicdesign of above-ground piping systems in the scope ofthe ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping.1.1 ScopeThis Standard applies to above-ground, metallic pip-ing syste
28、ms in the scope of the ASME B31 Code forPressure Piping (B31.1, B31.3, B31.4, B31.5, B31.8, B31.9,B31.11). The requirements described in this Standardare valid when the piping system complies with thematerials, design, fabrication, examination, testing, andinspection requirements of the applicable A
29、SME B31Code section.1.2 Terms and Definitionsactive components: components that must perform anactive function, involving moving parts or controls dur-ing or following the earthquake (e.g., valves, valve actua-tors, pumps, compressors, and fans that must operateduring or following the design earthqu
30、ake).axial seismic restraint: seismic restraint that acts along thepipe axis.critical piping: piping system that must remain leak tightor operable (see definitions) during or following theearthquake.design earthquake: the level of earthquake for which thepiping system is to be designed for to perfor
31、m a seismicfunction (position retention, leak tightness, oroperability).ductile piping system: in the context of this Standard forseismic qualification, ductile piping system refers to apiping system where the piping, fitting, and componentsare made of material with a minimum elongation atrupture of
32、 15% at the temperature concurrent with theseismic load.free-field seismic input: the ground seismic input at thefacility location.in-structure seismic input: the seismic excitation within abuilding or structure, at the elevation of the piping sys-tem attachments to the building or structure.lateral
33、 seismic restraints: seismic restraints that act in adirection perpendicular to the pipe axis.1leak tightness: the ability of a piping system to preventleakage to the environment during or following theearthquake.noncritical piping: piping system other than critical pip-ing that nevertheless must me
34、et the requirements forposition retention.operability: the ability of a piping system to deliver, con-trol (throttle), or shut off flow during or after the designearthquake.position retention: the ability of a piping system not tofall or collapse in case of design earthquake.seismic design: the acti
35、vities necessary to demonstratethat a piping system can perform its intended function(position retention, leak tightness, operability, or a com-bination) in case of design earthquake.seismic function: a function to be specified by the engi-neering design either as position retention, leak tight-ness
36、, or operability.seismic interactions: spatial or system interactions withother structures, systems, or components that may affectthe function of the piping system.seismic response spectra: a plot or table of accelerations,velocities, or displacements versus frequencies orperiods.seismic restraint:
37、a device intended to limit seismic move-ment of the piping system.seismic retrofit: the activities involved in evaluating theseismic adequacy of an existing piping system and iden-tifying the changes or upgrades required for the pipingsystem to perform its seismic function.seismic static coefficient
38、: acceleration or force staticallyapplied to the piping system to simulate the effect ofthe earthquake.1.3 Required Input(a) The scope and boundaries of piping systems tobe seismically designed or retrofitted.(b) The applicable ASME B31 Code section.(c) The classification of piping as critical or no
39、ncriti-cal, and the corresponding seismic function (positionretention for noncritical systems; degree of leak tight-ness, operability, or both for critical systems).(a)ASME B31Ea-2010(d) The free-field seismic input (commonly in theform of accelerations) for the design earthquake.(e) The responsibil
40、ity for developing the in-structureseismic response spectra, where required.(f) The operating conditions concurrent with the seis-mic load.(g) The responsibility for qualification of the operabil-ity of active components, where required.(h) The responsibility for the evaluation of seismicinteraction
41、s.(i) The responsibility for as-built reconciliation of con-struction deviations from the design documents.2 MATERIALS2.1 ApplicabilityThis Standard applies to metallic ductile piping sys-tems, listed in the applicable ASME B31 Code section.2.2 RetrofitThe seismic retrofit of existing piping systems
42、 shalltake into account the condition of the system and itsrestraints. As part of the seismic retrofit, the piping sys-tem shall be inspected to identify defects in the pipingor its supports and current and anticipated degradationthat could prevent the system from performing its seis-mic function.3
43、DESIGN3.1 Seismic LoadingThe seismic loading to be applied may be in the formof horizontal and vertical seismic static coefficients, orhorizontal and vertical seismic response spectra. Theseismic input is to be specified by the engineering designin accordance with the applicable standard (such asASC
44、E 7) or site-specific seismic loading (para. 1.3).When the seismic design force is computed basedon para. 13.3.1 of ASCE 7, or a similar standard, theparameter apshall be 2.5 and the parameter Rpshall notexceed 3.5 when applying the stress limits of para. 3.4.When the alternative design methods of p
45、ara. 3.5 areused, the derivation of seismic inputs shall be based onparameters compatible with the design method beingutilized.The seismic loading shall be specified for each of threeorthogonal directions (typically plant eastwest,northsouth, and vertical). The seismic design should bebased on eithe
46、r a three-directional excitation, eastwestplus northsouth plus vertical, combined by square-rootsum of the squares (SRSS), or a two-directional designapproach based on the envelope of the SRSS of theeastwest plus vertical and northsouth plus verticalseismic loading.The seismic loading applied to pip
47、ing systems insidebuildings or structures shall account for the in-structure2amplification of the free-field accelerations by the struc-ture. The in-structure amplification may be determinedbased on applicable standards (such as the in-structureseismic coefficient in ASCE 7) or by a facility-specifi
48、cdynamic evaluation.The damping for design earthquake response spec-trum evaluation of piping system shall be 5% of criticaldamping.For the purposes of determining seismic loading,when applicable, the basis for design used in paras. 3.3and 3.4 is allowable stress design.3.2 Design MethodThe method o
49、f seismic design is given in Table 1, anddepends on(a) the classification of the piping system (critical ornoncritical)(b) the magnitude of the seismic input(c) the pipe sizeIn all cases, the designer may elect to seismicallydesign the pipe by analysis, in accordance with para. 3.4.3.3 Design By Rule3.3.1 Where design by rule is permitted in Table 1,the seismic qualification of piping systems may be estab-lished by providing lateral seismic restraints at a maxi-mum spacing given by the following:(a) For U.S. Customary unitsLmaxp the smaller of 1.94 H11547LTa0.25and 0.0123 H11547 LT
