1、Designation: B49 09Standard Specification forCopper Rod Drawing Stock for Electrical Purposes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B49; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the requirements for rod draw-ing
3、stock in diameters from14 to 138 in. (6.4 to 35 mm)produced from electrolytic tough-pitch or oxygen-free coppersand are suitable for further fabrication into electrical conduc-tors.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematic
4、alconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only toSection 13. This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the use
5、r of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents in the current issue of theBook of Standards form a part of this specification to the extentreferenced h
6、erein and define materials suitable for use in rodmanufacture:2.2 ASTM Standards:2B5 Specification for High Conductivity Tough-Pitch Cop-per Refinery ShapesB115 Specification for Electrolytic Copper CathodeB170 Specification for Oxygen-Free Electrolytic CopperRefinery ShapesB193 Test Method for Resi
7、stivity of Electrical ConductorMaterialsB224 Classification of CoppersB577 Test Methods for Detection of Cuprous Oxide (Hy-drogen Embrittlement Susceptibility) in CopperB846 Terminology for Copper and Copper AlloysE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell
8、 Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE53 Test Method for Determination of Copper in UnalloyedCopper by GravimetryE478 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of CopperAlloysE1606 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy
9、-Current) Exami-nation of Copper Redraw Rod for Electrical PurposesE2575 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen in Copperand Copper Alloys2.3 Other Document:NBS Handbook 100 Copper Wire Tables33. Terminology3.1 For definitions of general terms relating to copper andcopper alloys refer to Terminolog
10、y B846.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for rod under this specification shall include thefollowing information:4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.2 Quantity of each size,4.1.3 Type and requirements of copper (Sections 5-10),4.1.4 Finish (Sections 9 and 10),4.1.5 Package with or without j
11、oints (see 5.3),4.1.6 Rod diameter (see 9.2),4.1.7 Inspection (Section 15),4.1.8 Package size (see 19.1), and4.1.9 Special package marking as agreed upon between themanufacturer and the purchaser (Section 19).4.2 The following requirements are optional and should bespecified in the contract or purch
12、ase order when required.4.2.1 Certification (Section 17) and1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B05 on Copperand Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.07 onRefined Copper.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originall
13、yapproved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as B49 08a. DOI:10.1520/B0049-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Su
14、mmary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 PortRoyal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161, http:/www.ntis.gov.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoh
15、ocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2.2 Test Report (Section 18).5. Material and Manufacture5.1 The rod shall be fabricated from copper of such qualityand purity that the finished product shall have the propertiesand characteristics prescribed in this specification.NOTE 1The following specificatio
16、ns define materials suitable for use:Specification B5, or Specification B115, or Specification B170.5.2 Copper of special qualities, forms, or types, as agreedupon between the manufacturer and the purchaser and that willconform to the requirements prescribed in this specificationmay also be used.5.3
17、 The rod coils shall be furnished in continuous lengthswith or without joints, as ordered.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Each rod type shall conform to the chemical composi-tion requirements prescribed in Table 1 for the type of copperordered (Section 4).6.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and the
18、 pur-chaser, the addition of silver up to an average of 30 troy oz pershort ton of copper (0.10 %) will be considered within thespecification, copper including silver in the chemical analysis,with no individual silver analysis to exceed 35 troy oz per shortton (0.12 %). In the case of oxygen-free si
19、lver-bearing coppers,the designation OFS (oxygen-free, silver-bearing) will be usedas shown in Classification B224 and will include the UNS Nos.C10400, C10500, and C10700 as defined by the agreed silvercontent.6.3 Silver-bearing tough-pitch copper corresponds to thedesignation STP (silver-bearing to
20、ugh-pitch) as shown inClassification B224 and to coppers having UNS Nos. C11300,C11400, C11500, and C11600.6.4 Oxygen ContentOxygen-free copper as describedherein is defined as a copper containing not in excess of0.0010 % (10 ppm) oxygen and produced without the use ofmetallic or other deoxidizers.7
21、. Physical Property Requirements7.1 Electrical ResistivityResistivity of the copper in theannealed condition (See Note X1.1) shall not exceed thefollowing values at 20C:Type of Copper Resistivity, max, at 20CAnnealed, V g/m2UNS C10100 only 0.15176 (101.00 % IACS min)All others 0.15328 (100.00 % IACS
22、 min)8. Mechanical Property Requirements8.1 Tensile TestsRod finished by hot working or annealingshall have a minimum elongation of 30 % in 10 in. (250 mm).(Note X1.2 and Test Methods E8.)8.2 Torsion (Twist) TestsTorsion tests are not a require-ment of this specification. However, a discussion will
23、be foundin Note X1.3.8.3 Embrittlement (Bend) Test:8.3.1 A test to reflect propensity towards hydrogen em-brittlement shall be performed only on oxygen-free copper.8.3.2 The specimen shall be tested in accordance with 13.6and Specification B170.8.3.3 The specimen, prepared and tested from the OFE(ox
24、ygen-free electronic) copper (UNS C10100) listed in Table1, shall withstand without breaking into two pieces, a minimumof ten (10) reverse bends.8.3.4 The specimen, prepared and tested from the OF(oxygen-free) copper (UNS C10200) listed in Table 1, shallwithstand, without breaking into two pieces, a
25、 minimum ofeight (8) reverse bends.8.4 AnnealabilityAnnealability is not a requirement ofthis specification. However, a discussion will be found in NotesX1.4-X1.6.9. Other Requirements9.1 Surface OxideThe surface oxide film thickness shallbe determined in accordance with 13.5.9.1.1 Total thickness o
26、f the copper oxide film on cleanedcopper rod or annealed shaved rod or cold-finished rod shallnot exceed 750 (7.5 3 108m).9.1.2 The residual oxide film thickness on as-shaved roddoes not need to be specified.9.1.3 A surface oxide requirement is not necessary for rodordered uncleaned.9.2 DiameterThe
27、diameter of the rod at any point shallnot vary from that specified by more than the amountsprescribed in Table 2.9.3 Electromagnetic (Eddy-current) ExaminationElectromagnetic examination of copper redraw rod is not aTABLE 1 Chemical CompositionAUNS NumberCopper TypeC11040ETPC10100OFEBC10200OFCC11000
28、ETPCopper, min 99.90 %D99.99 %D99.95 %Eincl silver99.90 %Eincl silverppm ppm ppm ppmTellurium, max 2 2 . . . . . .Selenium, max 2 3 . . . . . .Bismuth, max 1.0 1.0 . . . . . .Grouptotal,max 3 . . .Antimony, max 4 4 . . . . . .Arsenic, max 5 5 . . . . . .Tin,max 5 2 . .Lead, max 5 5 . . . . . .Iron,
29、max 10 10 . . . . . .Nickel, max 10 10 . . . . . .Sulfur, max 15 15 . . . . . .Silver, max 25 25 . . . . . .Oxygen 100650 5 max 10 max . . .Maximum allowabletotal65F. . .Cadmium, max . . . 1 . . . . . .Phosphorus, max . . . 3 . . . . . .Zinc,max . 1 . .Manganese, max . . . 0.5 . . . . . .ASee 13.1.2
30、.BFrom B170 Grade 1 copper or equivalent.CFrom B170 Grade 2 copper or equivalent.DBy difference. See 13.1.2 and 13.1.3.ESee 13.1.1.FNot including oxygen.B49092requirement of this specification. If it is performed for detect-ing surface discontinuities, however, a discussion will be foundin Note X1.7
31、.10. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance10.1 The rod shall be free of defects, but blemishes of anature that do not interfere with the intended application areacceptable.11. Sampling11.1 This procedure shall be used in case of rod disputebetween the manufacturer and the purchaser.11.2 One sample shal
32、l be taken from each truck lot forresistivity, elongation, surface oxide, embrittlement (bend) test,and chemical analysis.11.3 When a cast refinery shape has been chemicallyanalyzed and converted into rod without remelting, furtherchemical analysis shall not be required.12. Number of Tests and Retes
33、ts12.1 Tests:12.1.1 Chemical AnalysisChemical composition shall bedetermined as per the element mean of the results from at leasttwo replicate analyses of the sample(s).12.1.2 Other Tests:12.1.2.1 Electrical Resistivity, Elongation, and SurfaceOxideResults shall be reported as the average obtained f
34、romat least two test specimens, each taken from a separate testpiece where possible.12.1.2.2 Hydrogen Embrittlement Test and MicroscopicalExaminationAll specimens tested must meet the require-ments of the specification.12.2 Retests:12.2.1 When requested by the manufacturer or supplier, aretest shall
35、 be permitted when results of tests obtained by thepurchaser fail to conform to the requirements of the productspecification.12.2.2 The retest shall be as directed in the product speci-fication for the initial test except the number of test specimensshall be twice that normally required for the spec
36、ified test.12.2.3 All test specimens shall conform to the productspecification requirement(s) in retest. Failure to conform shallbe cause for rejection.13. Test Methods13.1 Chemical Analysis:13.1.1 In case of dispute, determine copper content of thecoppers other than UNS C10100 and UNS C11040 in Tab
37、le 1in accordance with Test Method E53.13.1.2 Analytical method for determining impurity levels ofcoppers listed in Table 1 shall be in accordance with Specifi-cation B115.13.1.3 Calculate copper content of UNS C10100 and UNSC11040 types by subtracting from 100 % the total impurityconcentration dete
38、rmined. The impurity total for UNS C10100is defined as the sum of sulfur, silver, lead, tin, bismuth,arsenic, antimony, iron, nickel, zinc, phosphorus, selenium,tellurium, manganese, cadmium, and oxygen present in thesample. The impurity total for UNS C11040 is defined as thesum of sulfur, silver, l
39、ead, tin, bismuth, arsenic, antimony, iron,nickel, selenium, tellurium, and oxygen present in the sample.13.1.4 The test methods annex of Specification B170 shouldbe referenced for the oxygen-free coppers. Test Method E478should be referenced for the determination of silver-bearingalloys permitted u
40、nder this specification.13.1.5 Oxygen content is determined on cleaned coppersamples using a suitable laboratory apparatus or a commercialinstrument designed specifically for this purpose. Test MethodE2575 has been developed to determine oxygen content incopper and copper alloys for the range 5 to 4
41、00 ppm. Standardshave not been developed above this range.13.2 ElongationDetermine the elongation as the perma-nent increase in length, caused by breaking of the rod intension, measured between gage marks placed originally 10 in.(250 mm) apart upon the test specimen (Note X1.2). Thefracture shall be
42、 between gage marks and not closer than 1 in.(25 mm) to either gage mark.13.3 Electrical Resistivity:13.3.1 At the option of the manufacturer, electrical resistiv-ity may be determined in accordance with 13.3.2 or 13.3.3.However, in case of dispute, 13.3.2 shall apply.13.3.2 Make resistance measurem
43、ents (Note X1.1) on speci-mens of the rod after cleaning and processing down to aTABLE 2 Permissible Variations in DiameterNominal Diameter, in. (mm)Permissible Variation, in.(mm)14 (6.4) +0.020 (+0.51)0.010 (0.25)Over14 (6.4) to34 in. (19 mm) incl. 60.015 (60.38)Over34 (19) to 1.0 in. (25 mm) incl.
44、 60.020 (60.51)Over 1.0 (25) to 138 in. (35 mm) incl. 60.030 (60.76)TABLE 3 Equivalent Resistivity ValuesAConductivity at 68F (20C), % IACS 100.00 101.00V lb/mile2875.20 866.53V g/m20.153 28 0.151 76V c mil/ft 10.371 10.268V mm2/m 0.017 241 0 0.017 070V in. 0.678 79 0.672 07V cm 1.7241 1.7070AThe eq
45、uivalent resistivity values for 100 % IACS (soft copper) were eachcomputed from the fundamental IEC value (1/58 V mm2/m) using conversionfactors each accurate to at least seven significant figures.FIG. 1 Schematic Illustration Showing Electrolytic Reduction TestMethodB49093diameter of approximately
46、0.080 in. (2.0 mm) and annealing atapproximately 932F (500C) for 30 min. Other equivalentannealing methods may be used. Test specimens processed toa diameter other than 0.080 in. may be used if agreed uponbetween the manufacturer and the purchaser.13.3.3 Resistance measurements may be determined ons
47、pecimens of the rod after cleaning, but without furtherprocessing and annealing. However, in the event of failure of arod specimen to conform to the criteria of 7.1, a retest ispermitted using the procedure of 13.3.2.13.3.4 Determine the electrical resistivity in accordancewith Test Method B193 exce
48、pt that when the option of 13.3.3is elected, the plus and minus tolerance for the cross-sectionalarea as specified in Test Method B193 shall not apply.13.4 DiameterMeasure the diameter of the rod with asuitable measuring device, micrometer, caliper or other, read-ing at least to the nearest 0.001 in
49、. (0.02 mm).13.5 Surface Oxide:13.5.1 Determine the thickness and type of unreduced oxidefilms remaining on the surface of rod after cleaning by anelectrolytic reduction method. This test is performed by reduc-ing the surface oxide(s) to copper in an electrolytic cell.4Asshown by the schematic diagram in Fig. 1, the test sample ismade cathodic with respect to an anode, which shall be madefrom a platinum wire or an equivalent inert electrode. Supplycurrent from a dc power supply or a coulometer. Although 10milliampere (mA) is a typical
